Optimal and normal affect balance in psychotherapy of major depression: Evaluation of the balanced states of mind model

Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy

Volumn 30, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 439-450

  Schwartz, Robert M ^a   Reynolds III, Charles F ^a   Thase, Michael E ^a   Frank, Ellen ^a   Fasiczka, Amy L ^a   Haaga, David A F ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b AMERICAN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Affective balance; Depression; Psychotherapy outcome; States of mind

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AFFECT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHODYNAMICS; PSYCHOTHERAPY; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 0036811059     PISSN: 13524658     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1352465802004058     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Adams-Webber, J. R., & Rodney, Y. (1983). Relational aspects of temporary changes in construing self and others. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 5, 234-241.
2. American Psychiatric Association (1987, 1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd Ed., Rev. & 4th Ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
3. Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561-571.
4. Benjafield, J., & Adams-Webber, J. R. (1976). The golden section hypothesis. British Journal of Psychology, 67, 11-15.
5. Bruch, M. A. (1981). A task analysis of assertive behavior revisited: Replication and extension. Behavior Therapy, 12, 217-230.
6. Bruch, M. A., Heimberg, R. G., & Hope, D. A. (1991). States of mind model and cognitive change in treated social phobics. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 15, 429-441.
7. Davison, G. C., Haaga, D. A. F., Rosenbaum, J., Dolezal, S. L., & Weinstein, K. A. (1991). Assessment of self-efficacy in articulated thoughts: "States of mind" analysis and association with speech-anxious behavior. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly, 5, 83-92.
8. Derogatis, L. R. (1975). Affects Balance Scale. Baltimore: Clinical Psychometric Research.
9. Derogatis, L. R. (1982). Self-report measures of stress. In L. Goldberger & S. Breznitz (Eds.), Handbook of Stress: Theoretical and Clinical Aspects (pp. 270-294). New York: Free Press.
10. Endicott, J., & Spitzer, R. L. (1978). A diagnostic interview: The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 35, 837-844.
11. Endicott, J., Spitzer, R. L., & Fleiss, J. L. (1976). The Global Assessment Scale: A procedure for measuring the overall severity of psychiatric disturbance. Archives of General Psychiatry, 33, 766-771.
12. Fichten, C. S., Amsel, R., Robillard, K., & Tagalakis, V. (1991). Thoughts about encounters between nondisabled and disabled peers: Situational constraints, states-of-mind, valanced thought categories. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 15, 345-369.
13. Garamoni, G. L., Reynolds, C. F. III, Thase, M. E., Frank, E., Berman, S. R., & Fasiczka, A. L. (1991). The balance of positive and negative affects in major depression: A further test of the states of mind model. Psychiatry Research, 39, 99-108.
14. Garamoni, G. L., Reynolds, C. F., Thase, M. E., Frank, E., & Fasiczka, A. (1992). Shifts in affective balance during cognitive therapy of major depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60, 260-266.
15. Garner, W. R. (1974). The Processing of Information and Structure. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
16. Haaga, D. A. F. (1997). Introduction to the special section on measuring cognitive products in research and practice. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 907-910.
17. Hamilton, M. (1960). A rating scale for depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 12, 56-62.
18. Howard, K. I., Kopta, S. M., Krause, M. S., & Orlinsky, D. E. (1986). The dose-effect relationship in psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 41, 159-164.
19. Kazdin, A. E. (1999). The meanings and measurement of clinical significance. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 332-339.
20. Lambert, M. J., Hansen, N. B., & Finch, R. E. (2001). Patient-focused research: Using patient outcome data to enhance treatment effects. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69, 159-172.
21. Lefebvre, V. A. (1985). The golden section and an algebraic model of ethical cognition. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 29, 289-310.
22. Lefebvre, V. A. (1990). The fundamental structures of human reflection. In H. Wheeler (Ed.), The Structure of Human Reflexion (pp. 5-69). New York: Peter Lang.
23. Lefebvre, V. A., Lefebvre, V. D., & Adams-Webber, J. R. (1986). Modeling an experiment on construing self and others. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 30, 317-330.
24. Maslow, A. (1968). Motivation and Personality. New York: Harper & Row.
25. Meichenbaum, D. (1977). Cognitive-Behavior Modification: An Integrative Approach. New York: Plenum.
26. Michelson, L. K., Schwartz, R. M., & Marchione, K. E. (1991). States-of-mind model: Cognitive balance and the treatment of agoraphobia-II. Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy, 13, 193-213.
27. Schwartz, R. M. (1994, May). Balanced states of mind model: A reflexive model of awareness applied to psychopathology and psychotherapy. In U. Khan (Chair), Artificial Intelligence and Ethical Reasoning. Symposium conducted at the annual Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Symposium, Pensecola, FL.
28. Schwartz, R. M. (1997). Consider the simple screw: Cognitive science, quality improvement, and psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 970-983.
29. Schwartz, R. M., & Garamoni, G. L. (1986). A structural model of positive and negative states of mind: Asymmetry in the internal dialogue. In P. C. Kendall (Ed.), Advances in Cognitive-Behavioral Research and Therapy (Vol. 5, pp. 1-62). New York: Academic Press.
30. Schwartz, R. M., & Garamoni, G. L. (1989). Cognitive balance and psychopathology: Evaluation of an information processing model of positive and negative states of mind. Clinical Psychology Review, 9, 271-294.
31. Schwartz, R. M., & Gottman, J. M. (1976). Toward a task analysis of assertive behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 44, 910-920.
32. Sechrest, L., McKnight, P., & McKnight, K. (1996). Calibration of measures of psychotherapy outcome studies. American Psychologist, 51, 1065-1071.
33. Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (Eds.) (2000). Positive psychology. Special Issue of American Psychologist, 55, 5-14.
34. Shaw, B. F. (1984). Specification of the training and evaluation of cognitive therapists for outcome studies. In J. B. Williams & R. L. Spitzer (Eds.), Psychotherapy Research: Where We Are and Where We Should Go? New York: Guilford Press.
35. Shepard, R. N. (1987). Evolution of a mesh between principles of the mind and regularities of the world. In J. Dupre (Ed.), The Latest and the Best: Essays on Evolution and Optimality (pp. 251-275). Cambridge: MIT Press.
36. Spitzer, R. L., Endicott, J., & Robins, E. (1978). Research diagnostic criteria: Rationale and reliability. Archives of General Psychiatry, 35, 773-782.
37. Tingey, R. C., Lambert, M. J., Burlingame, G. M., & Hansen, N. B. (1996). Assessing clinical significance: Proposed extensions to method. Psychotherapy Research, 6, 109-123.
38. Watson, J. P., & Marks, I. M. (1971). Relevant and irrelevant fear in flooding: A crossover study of phobic patients. Behavior Therapy, 2, 275-295.
39. Weyl, H. (1952). Symmetry. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.