The relationship between blood lead levels and periodontal bone loss in the United States, 1988-1994

Environmental Health Perspectives

Volumn 110, Issue 10, 2002, Pages 997-1002

  Dye, Bruce A ^a   Hirsch, Rosemarie ^a   Brody, Debra J ^a  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS   (United States)

Author keywords

Alveolar bone loss; Blood lead; Lead; NHANES; Periodontal disease; Smoking

Indexed keywords

LEAD;

ADULT; AGE; AGED; ARTICLE; BLOOD ANALYSIS; BONE LEVEL; BONE METABOLISM; BONE MINERAL; CIGARETTE SMOKING; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE SEVERITY; EDUCATION; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; FEMALE; HUMAN; LEAD BLOOD LEVEL; LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OSTEOLYSIS; PERIODONTAL DISEASE; POVERTY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACE DIFFERENCE; SEX DIFFERENCE; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0036799227     PISSN: 00916765     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.02110997     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Adachi JD, Arien D, Webber CE, Chettle DR, Beaumont LF, Gordon CL. 1998. Is there any association between the presence of bone disease and cumulative exposure to lead? Calcif Tissue Int 63:429-432.
2. Albandar JM, Brunelle JA, Kingman A. 1999. Destructive periodontal disease in adults 30 years of age and older in the United States, 1988-94. J Periodontology 70(1):13-29.
3. Ainamo J, Ainamo A. 1985. Partial indices as indicators of the severity and prevalence of periodontal disease. Int Dent J 35:322-326.
4. Anderson C, Danylchuk KD. 1977. The effect of chronic low level lead intoxication on the Haversian remodeling system in dogs. Lab Invest 37:466-469.
5. Anonymous. 2000. Parameter on chronic periodontitis with slight to moderate loss of periodontal support. American Academy of Periodontology. J Periodontol 71(5 suppl):853-855.
6. Arbes SJ, Slade GD, Beck JD. 1999. Association between extent of periodontal attachment loss and self-reported history of heart attack: an analysis of NHANES III data. J Dent Res 78(12):1777-1782.
7. Barry P. 1975. A comparison of concentrations of lead in human tissues. B J Ind Med 32:119-139.
8. Beck J, Garcia R, Heiss G, Vokonas PS, Offenbacher S. 1996. Periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. J Periodontol 67:1123-1137.
9. Carlos JP, Wolfe MD, Kingman A. 1986. The extent and severity index: a simple method for use in epidemiologic studies of periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 13:500-505.
10. CDC. 1994. Plan and operation of the Third National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey, 1988-94. Series 1: programs and collection procedures. Vital Health Stat 1(32):1-407.
11. CDC. 1997. Update: blood lead levels - United States, 1991-1994. MMWR 46(7):141-146.
12. Drury TF, Winn DM, Snowden CB, Kingman A, Kleinman DV, Lewis B. 1996. An overview of the oral health component of the 1988-91 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES III, phase 1). J Dent Res 75(Spec No):620-630.
13. Goodson JM, Haffajee AD, Socransky SS. 1984. The relationship between attachment level loss and alveolar bone loss. J Clin Periodontol 11:48-59.
14. Gruber HE, Gonick HC, Khalil-Manesh F, Sanchez TV, Motsinger S, Meyer M, et al. 1997. Osteopenia induced by long-term, low- and high-level exposure of adult rat to lead. Miner Electrolyte Metab 23(2):65-73.
15. Gulson BL, Mahaffey KR, Mizon KJ, Korsch MJ, Cameron MA, Vimpani G. 1995. Contribution of tissue lead to blood lead in adult female subjects based on stable lead isotope methods. J Lab Clin Med 125(6):703-712.
16. Hass GM, Brown D, Eisenstein R, Hemmens A. 1964. Relations between lead poisoning in rabbit and man. Am J Pathol 45:691-727.
17. Hernberg S, Nikkanen J, Mellin G, Lillius H. 1971. δ-Aminolevulinic acid dehydrase activity in red blood cells. Arch Environ Health 23:440-445.
18. Hu H, Payton M, Korrick S, Aro A, Sparrow D, Weiss ST, Rotnitzky A. 1996. Determinants of bone and blood lead levels among community-exposed middle-aged to elderly men: the Normative Aging Study. Am J Epidemiol 144(8):749-759.
19. Hu H, Rabinowitz MB, Smith D. 1998. Bone lead as a biological marker in epidemiologic studies of chronic toxicity: conceptual paradigms. Environ Health Perspect 106:1-7.
20. Hujoel PP, Drangsholt M, Spiekerman C, DeRouen TA. 2000. Periodontal disease and coronary heart disease risk. JAMA 284:1406-1410.
21. Hunt RJ, Fann SJ. 1991. Effect of examining half the teeth in a partial periodontal recording of older adults. J Dent Res 70:1380-1385.
22. Kiechl S, Egger G, Mayr M, Wiedermann CJ, Bonora E, Oberhollenzer F, et al. 2001. Chronic infections and the risk of carotid atherosclerosis. Circulation 103:1064-1070.
23. Kingman A, Morrison E, Loe H, Smith J. 1988. Systematic errors in estimating prevalence and severity of periodontal disease. J Periodontol 59:707-713.
24. Klein RF, Wiren KM. 1993. Regulation of osteoblastic gene expression by lead. Endocrinology 132(6):2531-2537.
25. Lippman M. 1990. Lead and human health: background and recent findings. Environ Res 51:1-24.
26. Moss ME, Lanphear BP, Auinger P. 1999. Association of dental caries and blood lead levels. JAMA 281:2294-2298.
27. Pirkle JL, Kaufmann RB, Brody DJ, Hickman T, Gunter EW, Paschal DC. 1998. Exposure of the U.S. population to lead, 1991-1994. Environ Health Perspect 106:745-750.
28. Rabinowitz MB, Wetherill GW, Kopple JD. 1976. Kinetic analysis of lead metabolism in health humans. J Clin Investig 58:260-270.
29. Rabinowitz MB. 1991. Toxicokinetics of bone lead. Environ Health Perspect 91:33-37.
30. Rabinowitz MB. 1998. Historical perspective on lead biokinetic models. Environ Health Perspect 106(suppl 6): 1461-1465.
31. Schroeder HA, Tipton IH. 1968. The human body burden of lead. Arch Environ Health 17:965-978.
32. Shah B, Barnwell B, Bieler G. 1996. SUDAAN User's Manual, Release 7.0. Research Triangle Park, NC: Research Triangle Institute.
33. Silbergeld EK. 1991. Lead in bone: implications for toxicology during pregnancy and lactation. Environ Health Perspect 91:63-70.
34. Smith DR, Osterloh JD, Flegal AR. 1996. Use of endogenous, stable lead isotopes to determine release of lead from the skeleton. Environ Health Perspect 104:60-66.
35. Steenhout A. 1982. Kinetics of lead storage in teeth and bones: an epidemiologic approach. Archiv Environ Health 37(4):224-231.
36. Tomar S, Asma S. 2000. Smoking-attributable periodontitis in the United States: Findings from NHANES III. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Periodontol 71:743-751.
37. Tsaih S, Korrick S, Schwartz J, Lee M-LT, Amarasiriwardena C, Aro A, et al. 2001. Influence of bone resorption on the mobilization of lead from bone among middle-aged and elderly men: the Normative Aging Study. Environ Health Perspect 109:995-999.
38. Winn DM, Johnson CL, Kingman A. 1999. Periodontal disease estimates in NHANES III: clinical measurement and complex sample design issues. J Public Health Dent 59(2):73-78.
39. Wu T, Trevisan M, Genco RJ, Dorn JP, Falkner KL, Sempos CT. 2000. Periodontal disease and risk of cerebrovascular disease. Arch Intern Med 160:2749-2755.