Myocardial dysfunction in the patient with sepsis

Current Opinion in Critical Care

Volumn 8, Issue 5, 2002, Pages 376-388

  Krishnagopalan, Sreenandh ^a   Kumar, Aseem ^a   Parrillo, Joseph E ^b   Kumar, Anand ^c,d  

^a RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b Department of Anesthesiology   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA   (Canada)

^d HEALTH SCIENCES CENTRE   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CATECHOLAMINE; CYCLIC GMP; CYTOKINE; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; NITRIC OXIDE; PHOSPHATE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

CINEANGIOCARDIOGRAPHY; CIRCULATION; CLINICAL FEATURE; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; FLUID THERAPY; HEART DILATATION; HEART EJECTION FRACTION; HEART MUSCLE CONTRACTILITY; HEART OUTPUT; HEART PERFUSION; HUMAN; INTENSIVE CARE; MUSCLE CELL; MYOCARDIAL DISEASE; REVIEW; SEPSIS; SEPTIC SHOCK;

ANIMALS; CARDIOMYOPATHIES; HEART; HEMODYNAMIC PROCESSES; HUMANS; SEPSIS; SHOCK, SEPTIC; STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; VENTRICULAR FUNCTION, LEFT;

EID: 0036791175     PISSN: 10705295     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00075198-200210000-00003     Document Type: Review

References (114)

1. Rangel-Faustro MS: The epidemiology of bacterial sepsis. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1999, 13:299-311.
2. Angus DC, Linde-Zwirble WT, Lidicker J, et al.: Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care. Crit Care Med 2001, 29:1303-1310.
3. Van der Poll T, van Deventer JH: Cytokines and anticytokines in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1999, 13:413-426.
4. Dinarello CA: Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines as mediators in the pathogenesis of septic shock. Chest 1997;112(suppl 6):S321-S329.
5. Liu M, Slutsky AS: Anti-inflammatory therapies: application of molecular biology techniques in intensive care medicine. Intensive Care Med 1997, 23:718-731.
6. Bone RC, Balk RA, Cerra FB, et al.: Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. Chest 1992, 101:1644-1655.
7. Kumar A, Haery C, Parillo JE: Myocardial dysfunction in septic shock: part I. Clinical manifestation of cardiovascular dysfunction. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2001, 15:364-376.
8. Kumar A, Krieger A, Symeonides S, et al.: Myocardial dysfunction in septic shock: part II. Role of cytokines and nitric oxide. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2001, 15:485-511.
9. Clowes GHA, Vucinic M, Weidner MG: Circulatory and metabolic alterations associated with survival or death in peritonitis. Ann Surg 1966, 163:866-844.
10. Kwaan HM, Weil MH: Differences in the mechanism of shock caused by bacterial infections. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1969, 128:37-45.
11. Nishijima H, Weil MH, Shubin H, et al.: Hemodynamic and metabolic studies on shock associated with gram-negative bacteremia. Medicine (Baltimore) 1973, 52:287-294.
12. Shoemaker WC: Cardiorespiratory patterns in complicated and uncomplicated septic shock. Ann Surg 1971, 174:119-125.
13. Udhoji VN, Weil MH: Hemodynamic and metabolic studies on shock associated with bacteremia. Ann Intern Med 1965, 62:966-978.
14. Hinshaw LB: Myocardial function in endotoxin shock. Circ Shock 1979, 1(suppl):43-51.
15. Lefer AM: Mechanisms of cardiodepression in endotoxin shock. Circ Shock 1979, 1(suppl):1-8.
16. Packman MI, Rackow EC: Optimum left heart filling pressure during fluid resuscitation of patients with hypovolemic and septic shock. Crit Care Med 1983, 11:165-169.
17. Weisel RD, Vito L, Dennis RC, et al.: Myocardial depression during sepsis. Am J Surg 1977, 133:512-521.
18. Wilson RF, Thal AP, Kindling PH, et al.: Hemodynamic measurements in septic shock. Arch Surg 1965, 91:121-129.
19. Grollman A: Cardiac output of man in health and disease. Baltimore: Charles C Thomas; 1932.
20. Winslow EJ, Loeb HS, et al.: Hemodynamic studies and results of therapy in 50 patients with bacteremic shock. Am J Med 1973, 54:421-432.
21. Krausz MM, Perel A, Eimerl D, et al.: Cardiopulmonary effects of volume loading in patients with septic shock. Ann Surg 1977, 185:429-434.
22. Parker SM, Shelhamer JH, Natanson C, et al.: Serial cardiovascular variables in survivors and nonsurvivors of human septic shock: heart rate as an early predictor of prognosis. Crit Care Med 1987, 15:923-929.
23. Ahmed AJ, Kruse JA, Haupt MT, et al.: Hemodynamic responses to gram-positive versus gram-negative sepsis in critically ill patients with and without circulatory shock. Crit Care Med 1991, 19:1520-1525.
24. Lee K, van der Zee H, Dziuban SW Jr, et al.: Left ventricular function during chronic endotoxemia in swine. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 1988, 254:H324-H330.
25. Stahl TJ, Alden PB, Cerra FB, et al.: Sepsis induced diastolic dysfunction in chronic canine peritonitis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 1990, 258:H625-H633.
26. Natanson C, Fink MP, Ballantyne HK, et al.: Gram-negative bacteremia produces both severe systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction in a canine model that simulates human septic shock. J Clin Invest 1986, 78:259-270.
27. MacLean LD, Mulligan WG, McLean APH, et al.: Patterns of septic shock in man: a detailed study of 56 patients. Ann Surg 1967, 166:543-562.
28. Rackow EC, Kaufman BS, Falk JL, et al.: Hemodynamic responses to fluid repletion in patients with septic shock: evidence for early depression of cardiac performance. Circ Shock 1987, 22:11-22.
29. Calvin JE, Driedger AA, Sibbald WJ: An assessment of myocardial function in human sepsis utilizing ECG gated cardiac scintigraphy. Chest 1981, 80:579-586.
30. Parker MM, Shelhamer JH, Bacharach SL, et al.: Profound but reversible myocardial depression in patients with septic shock. Ann Intern Med 1984, 100:483-490.
31. Ellrodt AG, Riedinger MS, Kimchi A, et al.: Left ventricular performance in septic shock: reversible segmental and global abnormalities. Am Heart J 1985, 110:402-409.
32. Thomas F, Smith JL, Orme J, et al.: Reversible segmental myocardial dysfunction in septic shock. Crit Care Med 1986, 14:587-588.
33. Chidiac TA, Salon JE: Left ventricular segmental wall motion abnormality in septic shock. Crit Care Med 1995, 23:594-598.
34. Raper RF, Sibbald WJ, Driedger AA, et al.: Relative myocardial depression in normotensive sepsis. J Crit Care 1989, 4:9-18.
35. Monslave F, Rucabado L, Salvador A, et al.: Myocardial depression in septic shock caused by meningiococcal infection. Crit Care Med 1984, 12:1021-1023.
36. Mellow E, Parker MM, Cunnion RE, et al.: Reversible depression and ventricular dilation demonstrated by two dimensional echocardiography in humans with septic shock [abstract]. Crit Care Med 1986, 14:342.
37. Jafri SM, Lavine S, Field BE, et al.: Left ventricular diastolic function in sepsis. Crit Care Med 1991, 18:709-714.
38. Poelaert J, Declerck C, Vogelaers D, et al.: Left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in septic shock. Intensive Care Med 1997, 23:553-560.
39. Munt B, Jue J, Gin K, et al.: Diastolic filling in human severe sepsis: an echocardiographic study. Crit Care Med 1998, 26:1829-1833.
40. Ognibene FP, Parker MM, Natanson C, et al.: Depressed left ventricular performance. Response to volume infusion in patients with sepsis and septic shock. Chest 1988, 93:903-910.
41. Sibbald WJ, Paterson NAM, Holliday RL, et al.: Pulmonary hypertension in sepsis: measurement by the pulmonary artery diastolic-pulmonary wedge pressure gradient and the influence of passive and active factors. Chest 1978, 73:583-591.
42. Calvin JE: Acute right heart failure: pathophysiology, recognition, and pharmacological management. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1991, 5:507-513.
43. Vlahakes GJ, Turley K, Hoffman JI: The pathophysiology of failure in right ventricular hypertension: hemodynamic and biochemical correlates. Circulation 1981, 63:87-95.
44. Kimchi A, Ellrodt GA, Berman DS, et al.: Right ventricular performance in septic shock: a combined radionuclide and hemodynamic study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1984, 4:945-951.
45. Hoffman MJ, Greenfield JC, Sugerman HJ, et al.: Unsuspected right ventricular dysfunction in shock and sepsis. Ann Surg 1983, 198:307-319.
46. Schneider AJ, Teule GJJ, Groenveld ABJ, et al.: Biventricular performance during volume loading in patients with early septic shock, with emphasis on the right ventricle: a combined hemodynamic and radionuclide study. Am Heart J 1988, 116:103-112.
47. Parker MM, McCarthy KE, Ognibene FP, et al.: Right ventricular dysfunction and dilatation, similar to left ventricular changes, characterize the cardiac depression of septic shock in humans. Chest 1990, 97:126-131.
48. Dhainaut JF, Lanore JJ, de Gournay MF, et al.: Right ventricular dysfunction in patients with septic shock. Intensive Care Med 1988, 14:488-491.
49. Vincent JL, Thirion M, Brimioulle S, et al.: Thermodilution measurement of right ventricular ejection fraction with a modified pulmonary artery catheter. Intensive Care Med 1986, 12:33-38.
50. Dhainaut JF, Brunet F, Monsallier JF, et al.: Bedside evaluation of right ventricular performance using a rapid computerized thermodilution method. Crit Care Med 1987, 15:148-152.
51. Schneider AJ, Teule GJJ, Groenveld ABJ, et al.: Biventricular performance during volume loading in patients with early septic shock, with emphasis on the right ventricle: a combined hemodynamic and radionuclide study. Am Heart J 1988, 116:103-112.
52. Sibbald WJ, Paterson NAM, Holliday RL, et al.: Pulmonary hypertension in sepsis: measurement by the pulmonary artery diastolic-pulmonary wedge pressure gradient and the influence of passive and active factors. Chest 1978, 73:583-591.
53. Hinshaw LB, Archer LT, Spitzer JJ, et al.: Effects of coronary hypotension and endotoxin on myocardial performance. Am J Physiol 1974, 227:1051-1057.
54. Elkins RC, McCurdy JR, Brown PP, et al.: Effects of coronary perfusion pressure on myocardial performance during endotoxic shock. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1973, 137:991-996.
55. Peyton Md, Hinshaw LB, Greenfield LJ, et al.: The effects of coronary vasodilatation on cardiac performance during endotoxin shock. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1976, 143:533-538.
56. Lefer AM, Martin J: Origin of myocardial depressant factor in shock. Am J Physiol 1970, 218:1423-1427.
57. Wangensteen SL, Geissenger WT, Lovett WL, et al.: Relation between splanchnic blood flow and a myocardial depressant factor in endotoxin shock. Surgery 1971, 69:410-418.
58. Wiggers CJ: Myocardial depression in shock. A survey of cardiodynamic studies. Am Heart J 1947, 33:633-650.
59. Cunnion RE, Schaer GL, Parker MM, et al.: The coronary circulation in human septic shock. Circulation 1986, 73:637-644.
60. Dhainaut JF, Huyghebaert MF, Monsallier JF, et al.: Coronary hemodynamics and myocardial metabolism of lactate, free fatty acids, glucose, and ketones in patients with septic shock. Circulation 1987, 75:533-541.
61. Lee KJ, Dziuban SW Jr, van der Zee H, et al.: Cardiac function and coronary flow in chronic endotoxemic pigs. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1988, 189:245-252.
62. Goldfarb RD, Glock D, Kumar A, et al.: A porcine model of peritonitis and bacteremia simulates human septic shock. Shock 1996, 6:442-451.
63. Goddard CM, Allard MF, Hogg JC, et al.: Prolonged leukocyte transit time in coronary microcirculation of endotoxemic pigs. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 1995, 269:H1389-H1397.
64. Granton JT, Goddard CM, Allard MF, et al.: Leukocytes and decreased left-ventricular contractility during endotoxemia in rabbits. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997, 155:1977-1983.
65. Solomon MA, Correa R, Alexander HR, et al.: Myocardial energy metabolism and morphology in a canine model of sepsis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 1994, 266:H757-H768.
66. Hotchkiss RS, Karl IE: Reevaluation of the role of cellular hypoxia and bioenergetic failure in sepsis. JAMA 1992,267:1503-1510.
67. Turner A, Tsamitros M, Bellomo R: Myocardial cell injury in septic shock. Crit Care Med 1999, 27:1775-1780.
68. The Hippocratic corpus. In Greek Medicine. Edited by Phillips ED. London: Thames and Hudson; 1973:48-52.
69. Brand ED, Lefer AM: Myocardial depressant factor in plasma from cats in irreversible post-oligemic shock. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1966, 122:200-203.
70. Wangensteen SL, Geissenger WT, Lovett WL, et al.: Relation between splanchnic blood flow and a myocardial depressant factor in endotoxin shock. Surgery 1971, 69:410-418.
71. Clowes GHA, Vucinic M, Weidner MG: Circulatory and metabolic alterations associated with survival or death in peritonitis. Ann Surg 1966, 163:866-844.
72. Weil MH, Shubin H, Biddle M: Shock caused by gram negative microorganisms. Ann Intern Med 1964, 60:384-400.
73. Maksad KA, Chung-Ja C, Clowes GHA, et al.: Myocardial depression in septic shock: physiologic and metabolic effects of a plasma factor on an isolated heart. Circ Shock 1979, 1(suppl):35-42.
74. Lovett WL, Wangensteen SL, Glenn TM, et al.: Presence of a myocardial depressant factor in patients with circulatory shock. Surgery 1971, 70:223-231.
75. Lefer AM: Mechanisms of cardiodepression in endotoxin shock. Circ Shock 1979, 1(suppl):1-8.
76. Carli A, Auclair MC, Vernimmon C, et al.: Reversal by calcium of rat heart cell dysfunction induced by human sera in septic shock. Circ Shock 1979, 6:147-157.
77. Parrillo JE, Burch C, Shelhamer JH, et al.: A circulating myocardial depressant substance in humans with septic shock. Septic shock patients with a reduced ejection fraction have a circulating factor that depresses in vitro myocardial cell performance. J Clin Invest 1985, 76:1539-1553.
78. Pathan N, Sandiford C, Harding SE, et al.: Characterization of a myocardial depressant substance in meningococcal septicemia. Crit Care Med 2002, in press.
79. Reilly JM, Cunnion RE, Burch-Whitman C, et al.: A circulating myocardial depressant substance is associated with cardiac dysfunction and peripheral hypoperfusion (lactic acidemia) in patients with septic shock. Chest 1989, 95:1072-1080.
80. Danner RL, Elin RJ, Hosseini JM, et al.: Endotoxemia in human septic shock. Chest 1991, 99:169-175.
81. Casey LC, Balk RA, Bone RC: Plasma cytokine and endotoxin levels correlate with survival in patients with the sepsis syndrome. Ann Intern Med 1993, 119:771-778.
82. Suffredini AF, Fromm RE, Parker MM, et al.: The cardiovascular response of normal humans to the administration of endotoxin. N Engl J Med 1989, 321:280-287.
83. Parker JL, Adams HR: Myocardial effects of endotoxin shock: characterization of an isolated heart muscle model. Adv Shock Res 1979, 2:163-175.
84. Parker JL, Adams HR: Contractile dysfunction of atrial myocardium from endotoxin-shocked pigs. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 1981, 240:H954-H962.
85. Hung J, Lew WY: Cellular mechanisms of endotoxin-induced myocardial depression in rabbits. Circ Res 1993, 73:125-134.
86. Kumar A, Kosuri R, Ginsburg B, et al.: Myocardial cell contractility is depressed by supernatants of endotoxin stimulated THP-1 cells [abstract]. Crit Care Med 1994, 22:A118.
87. McKenna TM, Reusch DW, Simpkins CO: Macrophage conditioned medium and interleukin-1 suppress vascular contractility. Circ Shock 1988, 25:187-196.
88. Goode HFC, Walker HC, Howdle BE, et al.: Decreased anti-oxidant status and increased lipid peroxidation in patients with septic shock and secondary organ dysfunction. Crit Care Med 1995, 23:646-651.
89. Michie HR, Manogue KR, Spriggs DR, et al.: Detection of circulating tumor necrosis factor after endotoxin administration. N Engl J Med 1988, 318:1481-1486.
90. Eichenholz PW, Eichacker PQ, Hoffman WD, et al.: Tumor necrosis factor challenges in canines: patterns of cardiovascular dysfunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 1992, 263:H668-H675.
91. Kemeny N, Childs B, Larchian W, et al.: A phase II trial of recombinant tumor necrosis factor in patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma. Cancer 1990, 66:659-663.
92. van der Poll T, Romjin JA, Endert E, et al.: Tumor necrosis factor mimics the metabolic response to acute infection in healthy humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 1991, 261:E457-E465.
93. Finkel MS, Oddis CV, Jacobs TD, et al.: Negative inotropic effects of cytokines on the heart mediated by nitric oxide. Science 1992, 257:387-389.
94. Weisensee D, Bereiter-Hahn J, Schoeppe W, et al.: Effects of cytokines on the contractility of cultured cardiac myocytes. Int J Immunopharmacol 1993, 15:581-587.
95. Cain BS, Meldrum DR, Dinarello CA, et al.: Tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1 β synergistically depress human myocardial function. Crit Care Med 1999, 27:1309-1318.
96. Kumar A, Thota V, Dee L, et al.: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta are responsible for depression of in vitro myocardial cell contractility induced by serum from humans with septic shock. J Exp Med 1996, 183:949-958.
97. Herbertson MJ, Werner HA, Goddard CM, et al.: Anti-tumor necrosis factor-α prevents decreased ventricular contractility in endotoxemic pigs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995, 152:480-488.
98. Vincent JL, Bakker J, Marecaux G, et al.: Administration of anti-TNF antibody improves left ventricular function in septic shock patients: results of a pilot study. Chest 1992, 101:810-815.
99. Last-Barney K, Homan CA, Faanes RB, et al.: Synergistic and overlapping activities of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-1. J Immunol 1988, 141:527-530.
100. Hesse DG, Tracey KJ, Fong Y, et al.: Cytokine appearance in human endotoxemia and primate bacteremia. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1988, 166:147-153.
101. Girardin E, Grau GE, Dayer JM, et al.: Plasma tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 in the serum of children with severe infectious purpura. N Engl J Med 1989, 319:397-400.
102. Okusawa S, Gelfand JA, Ikejima T, et al.: Interleukin-1 induces a shock like state in rabbits. J Clin Invest 1988, 81:1162-1172.
103. Wakabayashi G, Gelfand JA, Burke JF, et al.: A specific receptor antagonist for interleukin-1 prevents Escherichia coli-induced shock in rabbits. FASEB J 1991, 5:338-343.
104. Fisher CJ Jr, Slotner GJ, Opal SM, et al.: Initial evaluation of human recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in the treatment of sepsis syndrome: a randomized, open-label, placebo-controlled multicenter trial. Crit Care Med 1994, 22:12-21.
105. Evans HG, Lewis MJ, Shah AM: Interleukin-1 β modulates myocardial contraction via dexamethasone sensitive production of nitric oxide. Cardiovasc Res 1993, 27:1486-1490.
106. Kinugawa K, Takahashi T, Kohmoto O, et al.: Nitric oxide-mediated effects of interleukin-6 on [Ca2+]i and cell contraction in cultured chick ventricular myocytes. Circ Res 1994, 75:285-295.
107. Hosenpud JD, Campbell SM, Mendelson DJ: Interleukin-1-induced myocardial depression in an isolated beating heart preparation. J Heart Transplant 1989, 8:460-464.
108. Brady AJ, Warren JB, Poole-Wilson PA, et al.: Nitric oxide attentuates cardiac myocyte contraction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 1993, 265:H176-H182.
109. Smith JA, Shah AM, Lewis MJ: Factors released from endocardium of the ferret and pig modulate myocardial contraction. J Physiol (Lond) 1991, 439:1-14.
110. Paulus WJ, Vantrimpont PJ, Shah AM: Acute effects of nitric oxide on left ventricular relaxation and diastolic distensability in humans. Assessment by bicoronary sodium nitroprusside infusion. Circulation 1994, 89:2070-2078.
111. Kumar A, Brar R, Wang P, et al.: The role of nitric oxide and cyclic GMP in human septic serum-induced depression of cardiac myocyte contractility. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 1999, 276:R265-R276.
112. Chung MK, Gulick TS, Rotondo RE, et al.: Mechanism of cytokine inhibition of beta-adrenergic agonist stimulation of cyclic AMP in rat cardiac myocytes: impairment of signal transduction. Circ Res 1990, 67:753-763.
113. Bohm M, Kirchmayr R, Gierschik P, et al.: Increase of myocardial inhibitory G-proteins in catecholamine-refractory septic shock or in septic multiorgan failure. Am J Med 1995, 98:183-186.
114. 2+-independent nitric oxide synthase in the myocardium. Br J Pharmacol 1992, 105:575-580.