Living high-training low increases hypoxic ventilatory response of well-trained endurance athletes

Journal of Applied Physiology

Volumn 93, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 1498-1505

  Townsend, Nathan E ^a,b   Gore, Christopher J ^b   Hahn, Allan G ^b   McKenna, Michael J ^c   Aughey, Robert J ^c   Clark, Sally A ^d   Kinsman, Tahnee ^a,b   Hawley, John A ^d   Chow, Chin Moi ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

^b AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF SPORT   (Australia)

^c RMIT UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^d VICTORIA UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Altitude training; Chemoresponsiveness; Cyclists; Triathletes; Ventilatory acclimatization

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ALTITUDE ACCLIMATIZATION; ARTICLE; BREATHING; CARBON DIOXIDE TENSION; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYCLING; ENDURANCE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; HYPOXIA; LUNG VENTILATION; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; OXYGEN SATURATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESPIRATION CONTROL; REST; TRAINING; TRIATHLON;

EID: 0036784927     PISSN: 87507587     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00381.2002     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Asano K, Mazzeo RS, McCullough RE, Wolfel EE, and Reeves JT. Relation of sympathetic activation to ventilation in man at 4,300 m altitude. Aviat Space Environ Med 68: 104-110, 1997.
2. Ashenden MJ, Gore CJ, Dobson GP, and Hahn AG. "Live high, train low" does not change the total haemoglobin mass of male endurance athletes sleeping at a simulated altitude of 3,000 m for 23 nights. Eur J Appl Physiol 80: 479-484, 1999.
3. Bisgard GE and Forster HV. Ventilatory responses to acute and chronic hypoxia. In: Handbook of Physiology. Environmental Physiology. Bethesda, MD: Am. Physiol. Soc., 1996, sect. 4, vol. II, chapt. 52, p. 1207-1239.
4. Byrne-Quinn E, Weil JV, Sodal IE, Filley GF, and Grover RF. Ventilatory control in the athlete. J Appl Physiol 30: 91-98, 1971.
5. Chapman RF, Stray-Gundersen J, and Levine BD. Individual variation in response to altitude training. J Appl Physiol 85: 1448-1456, 1998.
6. 2 and in arterial pH. In: Handbook of Physiology. The Respiratory System. Control of Breathing. Bethesda, MD: Am. Physiol. Soc., 1986, sect. 3, vol. II, pt. 2, chapt. 15, p. 475-528.
7. Dempsey JA and Forster HV. Mediation of ventilatory adaptations. Physiol Rev 62: 262-346, 1982.
8. Easton PA, Slykerman LJ, and Anthonisen NR. Ventilatory response to sustained hypoxia in normal adults. J Appl Physiol 61: 906-911, 1986.
9. Fatemian M, Kim DY, Poulin MJ, and Robbins PA. Very mild exposure to hypoxia for 8 h can induce ventilatory acclimatization in humans. Pflügers Arch 441: 840-843, 2001.
10. 2 and hypoxia. J Appl Physiol 31: 586-592, 1971.
11. Garcia N, Hopkins SR, and Powell FL. Effects of intermittent hypoxia on the isocapnic hypoxic ventilatory response and erythropoiesis in humans. Respir Physiol 123: 39-49, 2000.
12. Gore CJ. Physiological Tests for Elite Athletes, edited by Gore CJ. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2000, p. 6.
13. Gore CJ, Crockett AJ, Pederson DG, Booth ML, Bauman A, and Owen N. Spirometric standards for healthy adult lifetime nonsmokers in Australia. Eur Respir J 8: 773-782, 1995.
14. Hahn AG, Gore CJ, Martin DT, Ashenden MJ, Roberts AD, and Logan PA. An evaluation of the concept of living at moderate altitude and training at sea level. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 128: 777-789, 2001.
15. Harms CA and Stager JM. Low chemoresponsiveness and inadequate hyperventilation contribute to exercise-induced hypoxemia. J Appl Physiol 79: 575-580, 1995.
16. Hirshman CA, McCullough RE, and Weil JV. Normal values for hypoxic and hypercapnic ventilatory drives in man. J Appl Physiol 38: 1095-1098, 1978.
17. Hopkins SR and McKenzie DC. Hypoxic ventilatory response and arterial desaturation during heavy work. J Appl Physiol 67: 1119-1124, 1989.
18. Hopkins WG. Measures of reliability in sports medicine and science. Sports Med 30: 1-15, 2000.
19. Huang SY, Alexander JK, Grover RF, Maher JT, McCullough RE, McCullough RG, Moore LG, Sampson JB, Weil JV, and Reeves JT. Hypocapnia and sustained hypoxia blunt ventilation on arrival at high altitude. J Appl Physiol 56: 602-606, 1984.
20. Huang SY, Alexander JK, Grover RF, Maher JT, McCullough RE, McCullough RG, Moore LG, Weil JV, Sampson JB, and Reeves JT. Increased metabolism contributes to increased resting ventilation at high altitude. Respir Physiol 57: 377-385, 1984.
21. Katayama K, Sato Y, Ishida K, Mori S, and Miyamura M. The effects of intermittent exposure to hypoxia during endurance exercise training on the ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 78: 189-194, 1998.
22. Katayama K, Sato Y, Morotome Y, Shima N, Ishida K, Mori S, and Miyamura M. Ventilatory chemosensitive adaptations to intermittent hypoxic exposure with endurance training and detraining. J Appl Physiol 86: 1805-1811, 1999.
23. Katayama K, Sato Y, Morotome Y, Shima N, Ishida K, Mori S, and Miyamura M. Cardiovascular response to hypoxia after endurance training at altitude and sea level and after detraining. J Appl Physiol 88: 1221-1227, 2000.
24. 2 during hypoxic exercise and hypoxic chemosensitivity. J Appl Physiol 90: 1431-1440, 2001.
25. Levine BD, Friedman DB, Engfred K, Hanel B, Kjaer M, Clifford PS, and Secher NH. The effect of normoxic or hypobaric hypoxic endurance training on the hypoxic ventilatory response. Med Sci Sports Exerc 24: 769-775, 1992.
26. Martin BJ, Weil JV, Sparks KE, McCullough RE, and Grover RF. Exercise ventilation correlates positively with ventilatory chemoresponsiveness. J Appl Physiol 45: 557-564, 1978.
27. Moore LG, Cymerman A, Huang SY, McCullough RE, Mc-Cullough RG, Rock PB, Young A, Young P, Weil JV, and Reeves JT. Propranolol blocks metabolic rate increase but not ventilatory acclimatization to 4,300 m. Respir Physiol 70: 195-204, 1987.
28. 2 of hypoxic ventilatory response in humans. J Appl Physiol 56: 207-210, 1984.
29. 2 relates to ventilatory acclimatization at 4,300 m. J Appl Physiol 75: 1117-1122, 1993.
30. Sahn SA, Zwillich CW, Dick N, McCullough RE, Lakshminarayan S, and Weil JV. Variability of ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia. J Appl Physiol 43: 1019-1025, 1977.
31. Sato M, Severinghaus JW, and Bickler P. Time course of augmentation and depression of hypoxic ventilatory responses at altitude. J Appl Physiol 77: 313-316, 1994.
32. Sato M, Severinghaus JW, Powell FL, Xu FD, and Spellman MJ. Augmented hypoxic ventilatory response in men at altitude. J Appl Physiol 73: 101-107, 1992.
33. Schoene RB, Roach RC, Hackett PH, Sutton JR, Cymerman A, and Houston CS. Operation Everest II: ventilatory adaptation during gradual decompression to extreme altitude. Med Sci Sports Exerc 22: 804-810, 1990.
34. Scoggin CH, Doekel RD, Kryger MH, Zwillich CW, and Weil JV. Familial aspects of decreased hypoxic drive in endurance athletes. J Appl Physiol 44: 464-468, 1978.
35. Van Klaveren RJ and Demedts M. A mathematical and physiological evaluation of the different hypoxic response models in normal man. Respir Physiol 113: 123-133, 1998.
36. Velleman PF and Hoaglin DC. Applications, Basics, and Computing of Exploratory Data Analysis. Boston, MA: Duxbury, 1981.
37. Weil JV, Byrne-Quinn E, Sodal IE, Kline JS, McCullough RE, and Filley GF. Augmentation of chemosensitivity during mild exercise in normal man. J Appl Physiol 33: 813-819, 1972.
38. Weil JV, Byrne-Quinn E, Sodal IE, Friesen WO, Underhill B, Filley GF, and Grover RF. Hypoxic ventilatory drive in normal man. J Clin Invest 49: 1061-1072, 1970.
39. White DP, Gleeson K, Pickett CK, Rannels AM, Cymerman A, and Weil JV. Altitude acclimatization: influence on periodic breathing and chemoresponsiveness during sleep. J Appl Physiol 63: 401-412, 1987.
40. Zhang S and Robbins PA. Methodological and physiological variability within the ventilatory response to hypoxia in humans. J Appl Physiol 88: 1924-1932, 2000.