메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 59, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 197-231

On vowel height and consonantal voicing effects: Data from Italian

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; FEMALE; HUMAN; LANGUAGE; MALE; PHONATION; PHONETICS; PHYSIOLOGY; SPEECH; SPEECH ANALYSIS; TIME; VOICE;

EID: 0036781185     PISSN: 00318388     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000068347     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (40)

References (148)
  • 1
    • 84925893459 scopus 로고
    • Pitch in the perception of voicing states in Thai: Diachronic implications
    • Haskins Laboratories, New Haven
    • Abramson, A.S.: Pitch in the perception of voicing states in Thai: diachronic implications. Status Rep. Speech Res., No. 41, pp. 165-174 (Haskins Laboratories, New Haven 1975).
    • (1975) Status Rep. Speech Res. , vol.41 , pp. 165-174
    • Abramson, A.S.1
  • 4
    • 0038881656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An acoustic study of Italian unstressed mid-vowels
    • Baroni, M.: An acoustic study of Italian unstressed mid-vowels. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 100: 2687 (1996).
    • (1996) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.100 , pp. 2687
    • Baroni, M.1
  • 5
    • 0040066141 scopus 로고
    • Frequency analysis of vowels produced in helium-rich atmosphere
    • Beil, R.: Frequency analysis of vowels produced in helium-rich atmosphere. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 34: 347-349 (1962).
    • (1962) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.34 , pp. 347-349
    • Beil, R.1
  • 6
    • 0039474349 scopus 로고
    • The influence of articulation of consonants on vowel duration
    • Belasco, S.: The influence of articulation of consonants on vowel duration. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 25: 1015-1016 (1953).
    • (1953) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.25 , pp. 1015-1016
    • Belasco, S.1
  • 7
    • 0016470503 scopus 로고
    • Control of pharyngeal cavity size for English voiced and voiceless stops
    • Bell-Berti, F.: Control of pharyngeal cavity size for English voiced and voiceless stops. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 57: 456-461 (1975).
    • (1975) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.57 , pp. 456-461
    • Bell-Berti, F.1
  • 8
    • 0018740075 scopus 로고
    • Indici acustici e indici percettivi nel riconoscimento dei suoni linguistici (con applicazione alle consonanti occlusive dell'Italiano)
    • Caldognetto, E.M.; Ferrero, F.; Vagges, K.; Bagno, M.: Indici acustici e indici percettivi nel riconoscimento dei suoni linguistici (con applicazione alle consonanti occlusive dell'Italiano). Acta phoniatr. Latina 2: 219-246 (1979).
    • (1979) Acta Phoniatr. Latina , vol.2 , pp. 219-246
    • Caldognetto, E.M.1    Ferrero, F.2    Vagges, K.3    Bagno, M.4
  • 11
    • 0000067521 scopus 로고
    • Vowel length variation as a function of the voicing of the consonant environment
    • Chen, M.: Vowel length variation as a function of the voicing of the consonant environment. Phonetica 22: 129-159 (1970).
    • (1970) Phonetica , vol.22 , pp. 129-159
    • Chen, M.1
  • 12
    • 0002525358 scopus 로고
    • Variations of the fundamental voice pitch as a discriminatory cue for consonants
    • Chistovich, L.: Variations of the fundamental voice pitch as a discriminatory cue for consonants. Soviet Phys. Acoust. 14: 372-378 (1969).
    • (1969) Soviet Phys. Acoust. , vol.14 , pp. 372-378
    • Chistovich, L.1
  • 13
    • 0040066090 scopus 로고
    • Segment duration in connected speech signals: Preliminary results
    • Crystal, T.H.; House, A.S.: Segment duration in connected speech signals: preliminary results. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 16: 263-284 (1982).
    • (1982) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.16 , pp. 263-284
    • Crystal, T.H.1    House, A.S.2
  • 14
    • 84928841721 scopus 로고
    • The duration of American English vowels: An overview
    • Crystal, T.H.; House, A.S.: The duration of American English vowels: an overview. J. Phonet. 72: 705-716 (1988a).
    • (1988) J. Phonet. , vol.72 , pp. 705-716
    • Crystal, T.H.1    House, A.S.2
  • 15
    • 84928841390 scopus 로고
    • The duration of American English stop consonants: An overview
    • Crystal, T.H.; House, A.S.: The duration of American English stop consonants: an overview. J. Phonet. 16: 285-295 (1988b).
    • (1988) J. Phonet. , vol.16 , pp. 285-295
    • Crystal, T.H.1    House, A.S.2
  • 16
    • 0023950375 scopus 로고
    • Segment durations in connected-speech signals: Syllabic stress
    • Crystal, T.H.; House, A.S.: Segment durations in connected-speech signals: syllabic stress. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 83: 1574-1585 (1988c).
    • (1988) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.83 , pp. 1574-1585
    • Crystal, T.H.1    House, A.S.2
  • 18
    • 84929062812 scopus 로고
    • Vowel length and closure duration in word-medial VC sequences
    • Davis, S.; Van Summers, W.: Vowel length and closure duration in word-medial VC sequences. J. Phonet. 17: 339-353 (1989).
    • (1989) J. Phonet. , vol.17 , pp. 339-353
    • Davis, S.1    Van Summers, W.2
  • 20
    • 0000875851 scopus 로고
    • Effect of duration on the perception of voicing
    • Denes, P.: Effect of duration on the perception of voicing. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 27: 761-764 (1955).
    • (1955) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.27 , pp. 761-764
    • Denes, P.1
  • 21
    • 33744684085 scopus 로고
    • On the objects of speech perception
    • Diehl, R.L.; Kluender, K.R.: On the objects of speech perception. Ecol. Psychol. 1: 121-144 (1989).
    • (1989) Ecol. Psychol. , vol.1 , pp. 121-144
    • Diehl, R.L.1    Kluender, K.R.2
  • 23
    • 0040066092 scopus 로고
    • Larynx movement and tonogenesis
    • University of California, Berkeley
    • Ewan, W.G.: Larynx movement and tonogenesis. Rep. Phonol. Lab., vol. 1, pp. 29-38 (University of California, Berkeley 1976).
    • (1976) Rep. Phonol. Lab. , vol.1 , pp. 29-38
    • Ewan, W.G.1
  • 24
    • 0018652718 scopus 로고
    • 0 be explained by source/tract coupling?
    • 0 be explained by source/tract coupling? J. acoust. Soc. Am 62: 358-362 (1979).
    • (1979) J. Acoust. Soc. Am , vol.62 , pp. 358-362
    • Ewan, W.G.1
  • 25
    • 0039568762 scopus 로고
    • Measuring larynx movement using the thyroumbrometer
    • Ewan, W.G.; Krones, R.: Measuring larynx movement using the thyroumbrometer. J. Phonet. 2: 327-335 (1974).
    • (1974) J. Phonet. , vol.2 , pp. 327-335
    • Ewan, W.G.1    Krones, R.2
  • 26
    • 0030192072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The missing fundamental in vowel height perception
    • Fahey, R.P.; Diehl, R.L.: The missing fundamental in vowel height perception. Perception Psychophysics 58: 725-733 (1996).
    • (1996) Perception Psychophysics , vol.58 , pp. 725-733
    • Fahey, R.P.1    Diehl, R.L.2
  • 28
    • 0003209185 scopus 로고
    • Stops in CV-syllables
    • MIT, Cambridge
    • Fant, G.: Stops in CV-syllables; in Fant, Speech sounds and features, pp. 110-139 (MIT, Cambridge 1973).
    • (1973) Fant, Speech Sounds and Features , pp. 110-139
    • Fant, G.1
  • 29
    • 0040066134 scopus 로고
    • An articulatory study of 'voicing' in Italian by means dynamic palatography
    • Szende, Linguistics Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest
    • Farnetani, E.: An articulatory study of 'voicing' in Italian by means dynamic palatography; in Szende, Proc. Speech Res. '89, pp. 394-397 (Linguistics Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest 1989).
    • (1989) Proc. Speech Res. '89 , pp. 394-397
    • Farnetani, E.1
  • 30
    • 0002968856 scopus 로고
    • V-C-V lingual coarticulation and its spatiotemporal domain
    • Hardcastle, Marchal, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht
    • Farnetani, E.: V-C-V lingual coarticulation and its spatiotemporal domain; in Hardcastle, Marchal, Speech production and speech modeling, pp. 93-130 (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht 1990).
    • (1990) Speech Production and Speech Modeling , pp. 93-130
    • Farnetani, E.1
  • 31
    • 0022688750 scopus 로고
    • Effect of syllable structure and word structure on segment durations in spoken Italian
    • Farnetani, E.; Kori, S.: Effect of syllable structure and word structure on segment durations in spoken Italian. Speech Communication 2: 17-34 (1986).
    • (1986) Speech Communication , vol.2 , pp. 17-34
    • Farnetani, E.1    Kori, S.2
  • 32
    • 80053658394 scopus 로고
    • Studio sperimentale delle caratteristiche elettroacustiche delle vocali toniche e atone in bisillabi italiani
    • Bulzoni, Roma
    • Fava, E.; Caldognetto, E.M.: Studio sperimentale delle caratteristiche elettroacustiche delle vocali toniche e atone in bisillabi italiani; in Studi di Fonetica e Fonologia (Bulzoni, Roma 1976).
    • (1976) Studi di Fonetica e Fonologia
    • Fava, E.1    Caldognetto, E.M.2
  • 35
    • 0002937076 scopus 로고
    • Acoustic analysis of stop consonants
    • Fischer-Jørgensen, E.: Acoustic analysis of stop consonants. Miscellanea phonet. 2: 42-59 (1954).
    • (1954) Miscellanea Phonet. , vol.2 , pp. 42-59
    • Fischer-Jørgensen, E.1
  • 37
    • 0038881603 scopus 로고
    • Voicing, tenseness and aspiration in stop consonants with special reference to French and Danish
    • University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen
    • Fischer-Jørgensen, E.: Voicing, tenseness and aspiration in stop consonants with special reference to French and Danish. Annu. Rep. Inst. Phonet., Vol. 3, pp. 63-114 (University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1969).
    • (1969) Annu. Rep. Inst. Phonet. , vol.3 , pp. 63-114
    • Fischer-Jørgensen, E.1
  • 39
    • 0040066089 scopus 로고
    • Temporal relations in consonant-vowel syllables with stop consonants based on Danish material
    • Lindblom, Öhman, Academic Press, London
    • Fischer-Jørgensen, E.: Temporal relations in consonant-vowel syllables with stop consonants based on Danish material; in Lindblom, Öhman, Frontiers of speech communication research, pp. 51-68 (Academic Press, London 1979).
    • (1979) Frontiers of Speech Communication Research , pp. 51-68
    • Fischer-Jørgensen, E.1
  • 40
    • 0038881602 scopus 로고
    • Temporal relations in Danish tautosyllabic CV sequences with stop
    • University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen
    • Fischer-Jørgensen, E.: Temporal relations in Danish tautosyllabic CV sequences with stop. Annu. Rep. Inst. Phonet., Vol. 14, pp. 207-261 (University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1980).
    • (1980) Annu. Rep. Inst. Phonet. , vol.14 , pp. 207-261
    • Fischer-Jørgensen, E.1
  • 41
    • 84932019916 scopus 로고
    • Self-oscillating source for vocal-tract synthesizers
    • Flanagan, J.; Landgraf, L.: Self-oscillating source for vocal-tract synthesizers. IEEE Trans. Audio Electroacoust. AU-16: 57-64 (1968).
    • (1968) IEEE Trans. Audio Electroacoust. , vol.AU-16 , pp. 57-64
    • Flanagan, J.1    Landgraf, L.2
  • 42
    • 0026057509 scopus 로고
    • Age of learning affects the authenticity of voice onset time (VOT) in stop consonants produced in a second language
    • Flege, J.E.: Age of learning affects the authenticity of voice onset time (VOT) in stop consonants produced in a second language. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 89: 395-411 (1991).
    • (1991) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.89 , pp. 395-411
    • Flege, J.E.1
  • 43
  • 44
    • 84970338248 scopus 로고
    • Cross-language phonetic interference: Arabic to English
    • Flege, J.E.; Port, R.: Cross-language phonetic interference: Arabic to English. Lang. Speech 24: 125-146 (1981).
    • (1981) Lang. Speech , vol.24 , pp. 125-146
    • Flege, J.E.1    Port, R.2
  • 45
    • 85050416625 scopus 로고
    • Vowel duration and closure duration in voiced and unvoiced stops: There are no contrast effects here
    • Fowler, C.A.: Vowel duration and closure duration in voiced and unvoiced stops: there are no contrast effects here. J. Phonet. 20: 143-165 (1992).
    • (1992) J. Phonet. , vol.20 , pp. 143-165
    • Fowler, C.A.1
  • 46
    • 0018712626 scopus 로고
    • Mandible height and syllable-final tenseness
    • Fujimura, O.; Miller, J.E.: Mandible height and syllable-final tenseness. Phonetica 36: 263-272 (1979).
    • (1979) Phonetica , vol.36 , pp. 263-272
    • Fujimura, O.1    Miller, J.E.2
  • 47
    • 33751319555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voice source variation in the vowel as a function of consonantal context
    • Hardcastle, Hewlett, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Gobi, C.; Ní Chasaide, A.: Voice source variation in the vowel as a function of consonantal context; in Hardcastle, Hewlett, Coarticulation: theory, data and techniques, pp. 122-143 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1999).
    • (1999) Coarticulation: Theory, Data and Techniques , pp. 122-143
    • Gobi, C.1    Ní Chasaide, A.2
  • 48
    • 84928452960 scopus 로고
    • Representation of voicing contrasts using articulatory gestures
    • Goldstein, L.; Browman, C.P.: Representation of voicing contrasts using articulatory gestures. J. Phonet. 14: 339-342 (1986).
    • (1986) J. Phonet. , vol.14 , pp. 339-342
    • Goldstein, L.1    Browman, C.P.2
  • 50
    • 0039474348 scopus 로고
    • On the mechanism of glottal vibration of vowels and consonants
    • Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
    • Halle, M.; Stevens, K.M.: On the mechanism of glottal vibration of vowels and consonants. RLE, Q. Prog. Rep., Vol. 85, pp. 267-271 (Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 1967).
    • (1967) RLE, Q. Prog. Rep. , vol.85 , pp. 267-271
    • Halle, M.1    Stevens, K.M.2
  • 51
    • 0001148162 scopus 로고
    • A note on laryngeal features
    • Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
    • Halle, M.; Stevens, K.M.: A note on laryngeal features. RLE, Q. Prog. Rep., Vol. 101, pp. 198-213 (Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 1971).
    • (1971) RLE, Q. Prog. Rep. , vol.101 , pp. 198-213
    • Halle, M.1    Stevens, K.M.2
  • 54
    • 0035122092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of fundamental frequency on stop-consonant voicing perception: A case of learned covariation or auditory enhancement?
    • Holt, L.L.; Lotto, A.J.; Kluender, K.R.: Influence of fundamental frequency on stop-consonant voicing perception: a case of learned covariation or auditory enhancement? J. acoust. Soc. Am. 109: 764-774 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.109 , pp. 764-774
    • Holt, L.L.1    Lotto, A.J.2    Kluender, K.R.3
  • 55
    • 84925903084 scopus 로고
    • Tonogenesis: Theories and queries
    • University of California, Berkeley
    • Hombert, J.M.; Ohala, J.J.; Ewan, W.G.: Tonogenesis: theories and queries. Rep. Phonol. Lab., Vol. 1, pp. 48-78 (University of California, Berkeley 1976).
    • (1976) Rep. Phonol. Lab. , vol.1 , pp. 48-78
    • Hombert, J.M.1    Ohala, J.J.2    Ewan, W.G.3
  • 56
    • 84938052696 scopus 로고
    • Phonetic explanations for the development of tones
    • Hombert, J.M.; Ohala, J.J.; Ewan, W.G.: Phonetic explanations for the development of tones. Language 55: 37-55 (1979).
    • (1979) Language , vol.55 , pp. 37-55
    • Hombert, J.M.1    Ohala, J.J.2    Ewan, W.G.3
  • 57
    • 0001935758 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between pitch control and vowel articulation
    • Bless, Abbs, College-Hill Press, San Diego
    • Honda, K.: Relationship between pitch control and vowel articulation; in Bless, Abbs, Vocal fold physiology: contemporary research and clinical issues, pp. 286-297 (College-Hill Press, San Diego 1983).
    • (1983) Vocal Fold Physiology: Contemporary Research and Clinical Issues , pp. 286-297
    • Honda, K.1
  • 59
    • 0000397284 scopus 로고
    • On vowel duration in English
    • House, A.S.: On vowel duration in English. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 33: 1174-1178 (1961).
    • (1961) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.33 , pp. 1174-1178
    • House, A.S.1
  • 60
    • 84953675412 scopus 로고
    • The influence of consonant environment upon the secondary acoustical characteristics of vowels
    • House, A.S.; Fairbanks, G.: The influence of consonant environment upon the secondary acoustical characteristics of vowels. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 25: 105-115 (1953).
    • (1953) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.25 , pp. 105-115
    • House, A.S.1    Fairbanks, G.2
  • 61
    • 0021778542 scopus 로고
    • Vocal fold adjustments in aspirated and unaspirated stops in Danish
    • Hutters, B.: Vocal fold adjustments in aspirated and unaspirated stops in Danish. Phonetica 42: 1-24 (1985).
    • (1985) Phonetica , vol.42 , pp. 1-24
    • Hutters, B.1
  • 62
    • 84925902602 scopus 로고
    • The perceptual basis of vowel duration differences associated with voiced/voiceless distinction
    • University of California, Berkeley
    • Javkin, R.: The perceptual basis of vowel duration differences associated with voiced/voiceless distinction. Rep. Phonol. Lab., Vol. 1, pp. 78-92 (University of California, Berkeley 1976).
    • (1976) Rep. Phonol. Lab. , vol.1 , pp. 78-92
    • Javkin, R.1
  • 63
    • 84925892588 scopus 로고
    • Fiberoptic, electromyographic, and acoustic analyses of Hindi stop consonants
    • Institute of Logopedics and Phoniatrics, Tokyo
    • Kagaya, R.; Hirose, H.: Fiberoptic, electromyographic, and acoustic analyses of Hindi stop consonants. Annu. Bull. Res., Vol. 9, pp. 27-46 (Institute of Logopedics and Phoniatrics, Tokyo 1975).
    • (1975) Annu. Bull. Res. , vol.9 , pp. 27-46
    • Kagaya, R.1    Hirose, H.2
  • 64
    • 0001866342 scopus 로고
    • Universal phonetics and the organization of grammars
    • Framkin, Academic Press, Orlando
    • Keating, P.A.: Universal phonetics and the organization of grammars; in Framkin, Phonetic linguistics: essays in honor of Peter Ladefoged, pp. 115-132 (Academic Press, Orlando 1985).
    • (1985) Phonetic Linguistics: Essays in Honor of Peter Ladefoged , pp. 115-132
    • Keating, P.A.1
  • 65
    • 0006045791 scopus 로고
    • 0 differences after stops deliberate or accidental?
    • 0 differences after stops deliberate or accidental? J. acoust. Soc. Am. 79: S27(A) (1986).
    • (1986) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.79
    • Kingston, J.1
  • 66
    • 0026618260 scopus 로고
    • The phonetics and phonology of perceptually motivated articulatory covariation
    • Kingston, J.: The phonetics and phonology of perceptually motivated articulatory covariation. Lang. Speech: 35: 99-113 (1992).
    • (1992) Lang. Speech , vol.35 , pp. 99-113
    • Kingston, J.1
  • 67
    • 49249084856 scopus 로고
    • Phonetic knowledge
    • Kingston, J.; Diehl, R.L.: Phonetic knowledge. Language: 70: 419-454 (1994).
    • (1994) Language , vol.70 , pp. 419-454
    • Kingston, J.1    Diehl, R.L.2
  • 68
    • 0015676852 scopus 로고
    • Interaction between two factors that influence vowel duration
    • Klatt, D.H.: Interaction between two factors that influence vowel duration. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 54: 1102-1104 (1973).
    • (1973) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.54 , pp. 1102-1104
    • Klatt, D.H.1
  • 69
    • 0016785037 scopus 로고
    • Voice onset time, frication, and aspiration in word-initial consonant clusters
    • Klatt, D.H.: Voice onset time, frication, and aspiration in word-initial consonant clusters. J. Speech Hear. Res. 18: 686-706 (1975).
    • (1975) J. Speech Hear. Res. , vol.18 , pp. 686-706
    • Klatt, D.H.1
  • 70
    • 0018986665 scopus 로고
    • Software for a cascade/parallel formant synthesizer
    • Klatt, D.H.: Software for a cascade/parallel formant synthesizer. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 67: 971-995 (1980).
    • (1980) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.67 , pp. 971-995
    • Klatt, D.H.1
  • 71
    • 0040066136 scopus 로고
    • Speech Communication Group Working Papers, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
    • Klatt, D.H.: HARSYN: an additive harmonic speech synthesizer. Speech Communication Group Working Papers, Vol. 1, pp. 46-70 (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 1982).
    • (1982) HARSYN: An Additive Harmonic Speech Synthesizer , vol.1 , pp. 46-70
    • Klatt, D.H.1
  • 72
    • 0038881655 scopus 로고
    • Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
    • Klatt, D.H.: MIT SpeechVax user's guide (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 1984).
    • (1984) MIT SpeechVax User's Guide
    • Klatt, D.H.1
  • 73
    • 84931201984 scopus 로고
    • Vowel-length differences before voiced and voiceless consonants: An auditory explanation
    • Kluender, K.R.; Diehl, R.L.; Wright, B.A.: Vowel-length differences before voiced and voiceless consonants: an auditory explanation. J. Phonet. 16: 153-169 (1988).
    • (1988) J. Phonet. , vol.16 , pp. 153-169
    • Kluender, K.R.1    Diehl, R.L.2    Wright, B.A.3
  • 74
    • 0347837517 scopus 로고
    • The temporal organization for sequences of vowels and plosives in German
    • Kohler, K.J.; Künzel, J.: The temporal organization for sequences of vowels and plosives in German. Arbeitsber. Inst. Phonet. Univ. Kiel 10: 117-167 (1978).
    • (1978) Arbeitsber. Inst. Phonet. Univ. Kiel , vol.10 , pp. 117-167
    • Kohler, K.J.1    Künzel, J.2
  • 75
    • 0038881604 scopus 로고
    • Parameters in the production and the perception of plosives in German and French
    • Kohler, K.J.: Parameters in the production and the perception of plosives in German and French. Arbeitsber. Inst. Phonet. Univ. Kiel 12: 261-292 (1979).
    • (1979) Arbeitsber. Inst. Phonet. Univ. Kiel , vol.12 , pp. 261-292
    • Kohler, K.J.1
  • 76
    • 0020334409 scopus 로고
    • 0 in the production of lenis and fortis plosives
    • 0 in the production of lenis and fortis plosives. Phonetica 39: 199-218 (1982).
    • (1982) Phonetica , vol.39 , pp. 199-218
    • Kohler, K.J.1
  • 77
    • 0021751649 scopus 로고
    • Phonetic explanation in phonology: The feature fortis/lenis
    • Kohler, K.J.: Phonetic explanation in phonology: the feature fortis/lenis. Phonetica 41: 150-174 (1984).
    • (1984) Phonetica , vol.41 , pp. 150-174
    • Kohler, K.J.1
  • 78
    • 0021839989 scopus 로고
    • 0 in the perception of lenis and fortis plosives
    • 0 in the perception of lenis and fortis plosives. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 78: 21-32 (1985).
    • (1985) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.78 , pp. 21-32
    • Kohler, K.J.1
  • 79
    • 0003577022 scopus 로고
    • A phonetic study of West African languages
    • Series 1 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge)
    • Ladefoged, P.: A phonetic study of West African languages. West Afr. Lang. Monogr., Series 1 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1964).
    • (1964) West Afr. Lang. Monogr.
    • Ladefoged, P.1
  • 81
    • 0040659603 scopus 로고
    • The features of the larynx
    • Ladefoged, P.: The features of the larynx. J. Phonet. 1: 73-83 (1973).
    • (1973) J. Phonet. , vol.1 , pp. 73-83
    • Ladefoged, P.1
  • 82
    • 85048996533 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of voicing-dependent vowel duration in French and English
    • Laeufer, C.: Patterns of voicing-dependent vowel duration in French and English. J. Phonet. 20: 411-440 (1992).
    • (1992) J. Phonet. , vol.20 , pp. 411-440
    • Laeufer, C.1
  • 83
    • 0006135360 scopus 로고
    • Segment and suprasegmental influences on fundamental frequency contours
    • Hyman, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
    • Lea, W.A.: Segment and suprasegmental influences on fundamental frequency contours; in Hyman, Consonant types and tones. Linguistics Program, Vol. 1, pp. 17-70 (University of Southern California, Los Angeles 1973).
    • (1973) Consonant Types and Tones. Linguistics Program , vol.1 , pp. 17-70
    • Lea, W.A.1
  • 85
    • 0007414588 scopus 로고
    • Vowel duration and a model of lip mandible coordination
    • Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT, Cambridge
    • Lindblom, B.: Vowel duration and a model of lip mandible coordination. Speech Transm. Lab. Q. Prog. Status Rep. No. 4, pp. 1-29 (Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT, Cambridge 1967).
    • (1967) Speech Transm. Lab. Q. Prog. Status Rep. No. 4 , vol.4 , pp. 1-29
    • Lindblom, B.1
  • 86
    • 0002539638 scopus 로고
    • Formant frequencies of some fixed-mandible vowels and a model of speech motor programming by predictive simulations
    • Lindblom, B.; Lubker, J.; Gay, T.: Formant frequencies of some fixed-mandible vowels and a model of speech motor programming by predictive simulations. J. Phonet. 7: 147-161 (1979).
    • (1979) J. Phonet. , vol.7 , pp. 147-161
    • Lindblom, B.1    Lubker, J.2    Gay, T.3
  • 89
    • 0015136823 scopus 로고
    • Acoustical consequences of lip, tongue, jaw, and larynx movement
    • Lindblom, B.; Sundberg, J.: Acoustical consequences of lip, tongue, jaw, and larynx movement. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 50: 1166-1179 (1971a).
    • (1971) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.50 , pp. 1166-1179
    • Lindblom, B.1    Sundberg, J.2
  • 91
    • 0002844628 scopus 로고
    • Closure duration and the intervocalic voiced-voiceless distinction in English
    • Lisker, L.: Closure duration and the intervocalic voiced-voiceless distinction in English. Language 33: 42-49 (1957).
    • (1957) Language , vol.33 , pp. 42-49
    • Lisker, L.1
  • 93
    • 84925886285 scopus 로고
    • On 'explaining' vowel duration variation
    • Lisker, L.: On 'explaining' vowel duration variation. Glossa 8: 223-246 (1974).
    • (1974) Glossa , vol.8 , pp. 223-246
    • Lisker, L.1
  • 94
    • 0016517308 scopus 로고
    • Is it VOT or first-formant transition detector?
    • Lisker, L.: Is it VOT or first-formant transition detector? J. acoust. Soc. Am. 57: 1547-1551 (1975).
    • (1975) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.57 , pp. 1547-1551
    • Lisker, L.1
  • 95
    • 0001462521 scopus 로고
    • A cross-language study of voicing in initial stops: Acoustical measurements
    • Lisker, L.; Abramson, A.: A cross-language study of voicing in initial stops: acoustical measurements. Word 20: 384-422 (1964).
    • (1964) Word , vol.20 , pp. 384-422
    • Lisker, L.1    Abramson, A.2
  • 96
    • 0014046201 scopus 로고
    • Some effects of context on voice onset time in English stops
    • Lisker, L.; Abramson, A.: Some effects of context on voice onset time in English stops. Lang. Speech 10: 1-28 (1967).
    • (1967) Lang. Speech , vol.10 , pp. 1-28
    • Lisker, L.1    Abramson, A.2
  • 97
    • 0005462699 scopus 로고
    • Distinctive features and laryngeal control
    • Lisker, L.; Abramson, A.: Distinctive features and laryngeal control. Language 47: 767-785 (1971).
    • (1971) Language , vol.47 , pp. 767-785
    • Lisker, L.1    Abramson, A.2
  • 98
    • 0040659600 scopus 로고
    • 0 variations in Swedish tonal accents
    • 0 variations in Swedish tonal accents. Phonetica 31: 228-247 (1975).
    • (1975) Phonetica , vol.31 , pp. 228-247
    • Löfqvist, A.1
  • 101
    • 0022350702 scopus 로고
    • Contextual effects on vowel duration, closure duration, and consonant/vowel ratio in speech production
    • Luce, P.A.; Charles-Luce, J.: Contextual effects on vowel duration, closure duration, and consonant/vowel ratio in speech production. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 78: 1949-1957 (1985).
    • (1985) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.78 , pp. 1949-1957
    • Luce, P.A.1    Charles-Luce, J.2
  • 102
    • 0038881649 scopus 로고
    • Voicing-dependent vowel duration in English and French: Monolingual and bilingual production
    • Mack, M.: Voicing-dependent vowel duration in English and French: monolingual and bilingual production. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 78: 1949-1956 (1985).
    • (1985) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.78 , pp. 1949-1956
    • Mack, M.1
  • 103
    • 0347839541 scopus 로고
    • The force of articulation of American stops and fricatives
    • Malécot, A.: The force of articulation of American stops and fricatives. Phonetica 18: 95-102 (1968).
    • (1968) Phonetica , vol.18 , pp. 95-102
    • Malécot, A.1
  • 104
    • 0014795180 scopus 로고
    • The lenis-fortis opposition: Its physiological parameters
    • Malécot, A.: The lenis-fortis opposition: its physiological parameters. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 47: 1588-1592 (1970).
    • (1970) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.47 , pp. 1588-1592
    • Malécot, A.1
  • 105
    • 0039474345 scopus 로고
    • Monthly Internal Memorandum, June, Phonology Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley
    • Mohr, B.: Intrinsic fundamental frequency. Monthly Internal Memorandum, June, pp. 23-32 (Phonology Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley 1968).
    • (1968) Intrinsic Fundamental Frequency , pp. 23-32
    • Mohr, B.1
  • 106
    • 0002506243 scopus 로고
    • Intrinsic variation in the speech signal
    • Mohr, B.: Intrinsic variation in the speech signal. Phonetica 23: 65-93 (1971).
    • (1971) Phonetica , vol.23 , pp. 65-93
    • Mohr, B.1
  • 107
    • 0347839494 scopus 로고
    • The physiology of tone
    • Hyman, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
    • Ohala, J.J.: The physiology of tone, in Hyman, Consonant types and tones. Linguistics Program, Vol. 1, pp. 3-14 (University of Southern California, Los Angeles 1973a).
    • (1973) Consonant Types and Tones. Linguistics Program , vol.1 , pp. 3-14
    • Ohala, J.J.1
  • 108
    • 0038975869 scopus 로고
    • Monthly Internal Memorandum, Jan., Phonology Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley
    • Ohala, J.J.: Explanations for the intrinsic pitch of vowels. Monthly Internal Memorandum, Jan., pp. 9-26 (Phonology Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley 1973b).
    • (1973) Explanations for the Intrinsic Pitch of Vowels , pp. 9-26
    • Ohala, J.J.1
  • 109
  • 110
    • 84925904252 scopus 로고
    • A model of speech aerodynamics
    • University of California, Berkeley
    • Ohala, J.J.: A model of speech aerodynamics. Rep. Phonol. Lab., Vol. 1, pp. 93-107 (University of California, Berkeley 1976).
    • (1976) Rep. Phonol. Lab. , vol.1 , pp. 93-107
    • Ohala, J.J.1
  • 111
    • 0008871870 scopus 로고
    • Explaining the intrinsic pitch of vowels
    • University of California, Berkeley
    • Ohala, J.J.; Eukel, B.: Explaining the intrinsic pitch of vowels. Rep. Phonol. Lab., Vol. 2, pp. 119-125 (University of California, Berkeley 1978).
    • (1978) Rep. Phonol. Lab. , vol.2 , pp. 119-125
    • Ohala, J.J.1    Eukel, B.2
  • 112
    • 0008871870 scopus 로고
    • Explaining the intrinsic pitch of vowels
    • Channon, Shockey, Foris, Dordrecht
    • Ohala, J.J.; Eukel, B.: Explaining the intrinsic pitch of vowels; in Channon, Shockey, in In Honor of Ilse Lehiste, pp. 207-215 (Foris, Dordrecht 1987).
    • (1987) In Honor of Ilse Lehiste , pp. 207-215
    • Ohala, J.J.1    Eukel, B.2
  • 113
    • 0021285887 scopus 로고
    • Fundamental frequency as an acoustic correlate of stop consonant voicing
    • Ohde, R.N.: Fundamental frequency as an acoustic correlate of stop consonant voicing. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 75: 224-230 (1984).
    • (1984) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.75 , pp. 224-230
    • Ohde, R.N.1
  • 114
    • 0038473022 scopus 로고
    • A study of French vowels and consonant durations
    • O'Shaughnessy, D.: A study of French vowels and consonant durations. J. Phonet. 9: 383-408 (1981).
    • (1981) J. Phonet. , vol.9 , pp. 383-408
    • O'Shaughnessy, D.1
  • 116
    • 0004860819 scopus 로고
    • Physiology of speech production: Results and implications of a quantitative cineradiographic study
    • MIT Press, Cambridge
    • Perkell, J.S.: Physiology of speech production: results and implications of a quantitative cineradiographic study. Res. Monogr. No. 53 (MIT Press, Cambridge 1969).
    • (1969) Res. Monogr. No. 53 , vol.53
    • Perkell, J.S.1
  • 117
    • 84941328385 scopus 로고
    • Control methods used in a study of the vowels
    • Peterson, G.E.; Barney, H.L.: Control methods used in a study of the vowels. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 24: 175-184 (1952).
    • (1952) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.24 , pp. 175-184
    • Peterson, G.E.1    Barney, H.L.2
  • 118
    • 84953657625 scopus 로고
    • Duration of syllable nuclei in English
    • Peterson, G.E.; Lehiste, I.: Duration of syllable nuclei in English. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 32: 693-703 (1960).
    • (1960) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.32 , pp. 693-703
    • Peterson, G.E.1    Lehiste, I.2
  • 120
    • 0019436690 scopus 로고
    • Linguistic timing factors in combination
    • Port, R.F.: Linguistic timing factors in combination. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 69: 262-274 (1981).
    • (1981) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.69 , pp. 262-274
    • Port, R.F.1
  • 122
    • 0020168993 scopus 로고
    • Consonant/vowel ratio as a cue for voicing in English
    • Port, R.F.; Dalby, J.: Consonant/vowel ratio as a cue for voicing in English. Perception Psychophysics 32, 141-152 (1982).
    • (1982) Perception Psychophysics , vol.32 , pp. 141-152
    • Port, R.F.1    Dalby, J.2
  • 123
    • 0018639193 scopus 로고
    • Relation between voice-onset time and vowel duration
    • Port, R.F.; Rotunno, R.: Relation between voice-onset time and vowel duration. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 66: 654-662 (1979).
    • (1979) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.66 , pp. 654-662
    • Port, R.F.1    Rotunno, R.2
  • 124
    • 0015321925 scopus 로고
    • Preceding vowel duration as a cue to the perception of the voicing characteristics of word-final consonants in English
    • Raphael, R.F.: Preceding vowel duration as a cue to the perception of the voicing characteristics of word-final consonants in English. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 51: 1296-1303 (1972).
    • (1972) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.51 , pp. 1296-1303
    • Raphael, R.F.1
  • 126
    • 0003681448 scopus 로고
    • The breath stream dynamics of simple-released-plosive production
    • Karger, Basel
    • Rothenberg, M.: The breath stream dynamics of simple-released-plosive production. Bibliotheca phonet., No. 6 (Karger, Basel 1968).
    • (1968) Bibliotheca Phonet. , vol.6
    • Rothenberg, M.1
  • 127
    • 0024500499 scopus 로고
    • The intrinsic pitch of vowels: Theoretical, physiological and clinical considerations
    • Sapir, S.: The intrinsic pitch of vowels: theoretical, physiological and clinical considerations. J. Voice 3: 44-51 (1989).
    • (1989) J. Voice , vol.3 , pp. 44-51
    • Sapir, S.1
  • 128
    • 84926274489 scopus 로고
    • Closure duration of stop consonants
    • Stathopoulos, E.; Weismer, G.: Closure duration of stop consonants. J. Phonet. 11: 395-400 (1983).
    • (1983) J. Phonet. , vol.11 , pp. 395-400
    • Stathopoulos, E.1    Weismer, G.2
  • 129
    • 0039474343 scopus 로고
    • Modes of conversion of airflow to sound and their utilization in speech
    • Leeds
    • Stevens, K.N.: Modes of conversion of airflow to sound and their utilization in speech. Proc. 8th Int. Congr. Phonet. Sci., Leeds 1975.
    • (1975) Proc. 8th Int. Congr. Phonet. Sci.
    • Stevens, K.N.1
  • 130
    • 0017717817 scopus 로고
    • Physics of laryngeal behavior and larynx modes
    • Stevens, K.N.: Physics of laryngeal behavior and larynx modes. Phonetica 34: 264-279 (1977).
    • (1977) Phonetica , vol.34 , pp. 264-279
    • Stevens, K.N.1
  • 131
    • 70449113436 scopus 로고
    • Perturbation of vowel articulations by consonantal context: An acoustical study
    • Stevens, K.N.; House, A.S.: Perturbation of vowel articulations by consonantal context: an acoustical study. J. Speech Hear. Res. 6: 112-128 (1963).
    • (1963) J. Speech Hear. Res. , vol.6 , pp. 112-128
    • Stevens, K.N.1    House, A.S.2
  • 132
    • 0016542927 scopus 로고
    • Vowel duration in American English
    • Umeda, N.: Vowel duration in American English. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 58: 434-445 (1975).
    • (1975) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.58 , pp. 434-445
    • Umeda, N.1
  • 133
    • 0017354413 scopus 로고
    • Consonant duration in American English
    • Umeda, N.: Consonant duration in American English. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 61: 846-858 (1977).
    • (1977) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.61 , pp. 846-858
    • Umeda, N.1
  • 134
    • 0019606428 scopus 로고
    • Influence of segment factors on fundamental frequency in fluent speech
    • Umeda, N.: Influence of segment factors on fundamental frequency in fluent speech. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 70: 350-355 (1981).
    • (1981) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.70 , pp. 350-355
    • Umeda, N.1
  • 136
    • 0023407577 scopus 로고
    • Effects of stress and final-consonant voicing on vowel production: Articulatory and acoustic analyses
    • Van Summers, W.: Effects of stress and final-consonant voicing on vowel production: articulatory and acoustic analyses. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 82: 847-863 (1987).
    • (1987) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.82 , pp. 847-863
    • Van Summers, W.1
  • 137
    • 0040659599 scopus 로고
    • The word level interplay of stress, coarticulation, vowel height, and vowel position in Italian
    • Academy of Sciences of the Estonian S.S.R, Tallinn
    • Vayra, M.; Fowler, C.A.: The word level interplay of stress, coarticulation, vowel height, and vowel position in Italian. Proc. 11th Int. Congr. Phonet. Sci., Vol. 4, pp. 24-27 (Academy of Sciences of the Estonian S.S.R, Tallinn 1987).
    • (1987) Proc. 11th Int. Congr. Phonet. Sci. , vol.4 , pp. 24-27
    • Vayra, M.1    Fowler, C.A.2
  • 138
    • 0026445076 scopus 로고
    • Declination of supralaryngeal gestures in spoken Italian
    • Vayra, M.; Fowler, C.A.: Declination of supralaryngeal gestures in spoken Italian. Phonetica 49: 48-60 (1992).
    • (1992) Phonetica , vol.49 , pp. 48-60
    • Vayra, M.1    Fowler, C.A.2
  • 139
    • 0026706739 scopus 로고
    • Phonetic prototypes: Influence of the place of articulation and speaking rate on the internal structure of voicing categories
    • Volaitis, L.D.; Miller, J.L.: Phonetic prototypes: influence of the place of articulation and speaking rate on the internal structure of voicing categories. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 92: 723-735 (1992).
    • (1992) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.92 , pp. 723-735
    • Volaitis, L.D.1    Miller, J.L.2
  • 140
    • 84925914972 scopus 로고
    • Indices temporels des occlusives intervocaliques en français
    • Univ. Bruxelles, Bruxelles
    • Wajskop, M.: Indices temporels des occlusives intervocaliques en français. Rep. Activity Inst. Phonet., Univ. Bruxelles, Vol. 12, pp. 71-98 (Bruxelles 1978).
    • (1978) Rep. Activity Inst. Phonet. , vol.12 , pp. 71-98
    • Wajskop, M.1
  • 141
    • 0038881606 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of voice-onset time (VOT) measures to certain segment features in speech production
    • Weismer, G.: Sensitivity of voice-onset time (VOT) measures to certain segment features in speech production. J. Phonet. 7: 197-204 (1979).
    • (1979) J. Phonet. , vol.7 , pp. 197-204
    • Weismer, G.1
  • 142
    • 0020736375 scopus 로고
    • Enlargement of the supraglottal cavity and its relation to stop consonants voicing
    • Westbury, J.R.: Enlargement of the supraglottal cavity and its relation to stop consonants voicing. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 73: 1322-1336 (1983).
    • (1983) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.73 , pp. 1322-1336
    • Westbury, J.R.1
  • 143
    • 0025612405 scopus 로고
    • Gradient effects of fundamental frequencies on stop consonant voicing judgments
    • Whalen, D.H.; Abramson, A.S.; Lisker, L.; Mody, M.: Gradient effects of fundamental frequencies on stop consonant voicing judgments. Phonetica 47: 36-49 (1990).
    • (1990) Phonetica , vol.47 , pp. 36-49
    • Whalen, D.H.1    Abramson, A.S.2    Lisker, L.3    Mody, M.4
  • 148
    • 0016100538 scopus 로고
    • Voicing contrast: Perceptual and productive voice onset time characteristics of adults
    • Zlatin, M.A.: Voicing contrast: perceptual and productive voice onset time characteristics of adults. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 56: 981-994 (1974).
    • (1974) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.56 , pp. 981-994
    • Zlatin, M.A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.