메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 324, Issue 1-2, 2002, Pages 1-11

Advances in prenatal screening for Down syndrome: II first trimester testing, integrated testing, and future directions

Author keywords

Aneuploidy; Down syndrome; First trimester; Screening, serum tests; Ultrasound

Indexed keywords

CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN BETA SUBUNIT; PREGNANCY ASSOCIATED PLASMA PROTEIN A;

EID: 0036775261     PISSN: 00098981     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0009-8981(02)00187-0     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (47)

References (73)
  • 1
    • 0036067450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in prenatal screening for Down syndrome: I general principles and second trimester testing
    • Submitted for publication
    • Benn PA, Advances in prenatal screening for Down syndrome: I general principles and second trimester testing. Clin Chim Acta. Submitted for publication.
    • Clin Chim Acta
    • Benn, P.A.1
  • 3
    • 0033755648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utilization of amniocentesis by women screening positive for Down syndrome on the second trimester triple test
    • Chen J., Heffley D., Beazoglou T., Benn P.A. Utilization of amniocentesis by women screening positive for Down syndrome on the second trimester triple test. Community Genet. 3:2000;24-30.
    • (2000) Community Genet. , vol.3 , pp. 24-30
    • Chen, J.1    Heffley, D.2    Beazoglou, T.3    Benn, P.A.4
  • 4
    • 0002713457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amniocentesis and fetal blood sampling
    • A. Milunsky. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press
    • Elias S., Simpson J.L., Bombard A. Amniocentesis and fetal blood sampling. Milunsky A. Genetic disorders of the fetus. 4th ed. 1998;53-82 Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, Baltimore, MD.
    • (1998) Genetic disorders of the fetus 4th ed. , pp. 53-82
    • Elias, S.1    Simpson, J.L.2    Bombard, A.3
  • 5
    • 0024522992 scopus 로고
    • The safety and efficacy of chorionic villus sampling for early prenatal diagnosis of cytogenetic abnormalities
    • Rhodes G.G., Jackson L.G., Schlesselman S.E.et al. The safety and efficacy of chorionic villus sampling for early prenatal diagnosis of cytogenetic abnormalities. New Engl. J. Med. 320:1989;609-617.
    • (1989) New Engl. J. Med. , vol.320 , pp. 609-617
    • Rhodes, G.G.1    Jackson, L.G.2    Schlesselman, S.E.3
  • 6
    • 0002062236 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasound and biochemical assessment of first trimester pregnancy
    • M. Chapman, J.G. Grudzinskas, & T. Chard. London: Springer-Velag
    • Brambati B., Lanzani A., Tului L. Ultrasound and biochemical assessment of first trimester pregnancy. Chapman M., Grudzinskas J.G., Chard T. The embryo: normal and abnormal development and growth. 1991;181-194 Springer-Velag, London.
    • (1991) The embryo: Normal and abnormal development and growth , pp. 181-194
    • Brambati, B.1    Lanzani, A.2    Tului, L.3
  • 7
    • 0031395671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antenatal screening for Down's syndrome
    • Wald N.J., Kennard A., Hackshaw A., McGuire A. Antenatal screening for Down's syndrome. J Med Screen 4:1997;181-246. http://www.ncchta.org/fullmono/mon201.pdf.
    • (1997) J Med Screen , vol.4 , pp. 181-246
    • Wald, N.J.1    Kennard, A.2    Hackshaw, A.3    McGuire, A.4
  • 8
    • 0344326251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appropriate biochemical parameters in first-trimester screening for Down syndrome
    • Cuckle H.S., van Lith J.M. Appropriate biochemical parameters in first-trimester screening for Down syndrome. Prenat. Diagn. 19:1999;505-512.
    • (1999) Prenat. Diagn. , vol.19 , pp. 505-512
    • Cuckle, H.S.1    Van Lith, J.M.2
  • 9
    • 0023840391 scopus 로고
    • Clinical applications of pregnancy protein estimations with particular reference to pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A)
    • Stabile I., Grudzinskas J.G., Chard T. Clinical applications of pregnancy protein estimations with particular reference to pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A). Obstet. Gynecol. Surv. 43:1988;73-82.
    • (1988) Obstet. Gynecol. Surv. , vol.43 , pp. 73-82
    • Stabile, I.1    Grudzinskas, J.G.2    Chard, T.3
  • 12
    • 0033752768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First trimester biochemical screening for Down syndrome: Free beta hCG versus intact hCG
    • Hallahan T., Krantz D., Orlandi F.et al. First trimester biochemical screening for Down syndrome: free beta hCG versus intact hCG. Prenat. Diagn. 20:2000;785-789.
    • (2000) Prenat. Diagn. , vol.20 , pp. 785-789
    • Hallahan, T.1    Krantz, D.2    Orlandi, F.3
  • 13
    • 0034108953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is maternal serum total hCG a marker of trisomy 21 in the first trimester of pregnancy?
    • Spencer K., Berry E., Crossley J.A., Aitken D.A., Nicolaides K.H. Is maternal serum total hCG a marker of trisomy 21 in the first trimester of pregnancy? Prenat. Diagn. 20:2000;311-317.
    • (2000) Prenat. Diagn. , vol.20 , pp. 311-317
    • Spencer, K.1    Berry, E.2    Crossley, J.A.3    Aitken, D.A.4    Nicolaides, K.H.5
  • 14
    • 0029587397 scopus 로고
    • First trimester serum screening for Down syndrome
    • Wald N.J., Kennard A., Hackshaw A.K. First trimester serum screening for Down syndrome. Prenat. Diagn. 15:1995;1227-1240.
    • (1995) Prenat. Diagn. , vol.15 , pp. 1227-1240
    • Wald, N.J.1    Kennard, A.2    Hackshaw, A.K.3
  • 15
    • 0023116161 scopus 로고
    • Physiological studies on human chorionic gonodotropin (hCG), αhCG, and βhCG as measured by specific monoclonal immunoradiometric assays
    • Ozturk M., Bellet D., Manil L., Hennen G., Frydman R., Wands J. Physiological studies on human chorionic gonodotropin (hCG), αhCG, and βhCG as measured by specific monoclonal immunoradiometric assays. Endocrinol. 120:1987;549-558.
    • (1987) Endocrinol. , vol.120 , pp. 549-558
    • Ozturk, M.1    Bellet, D.2    Manil, L.3    Hennen, G.4    Frydman, R.5    Wands, J.6
  • 16
    • 0031043971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schwangerschaftsprotein 1 (SP1) as a maternal serum marker for Down syndrome in the first and second trimesters
    • Qin Q.P., Christiansen M., Nguyen T.H., Sorensen S., Larsen S.O., Norgaard-Pedersen B. Schwangerschaftsprotein 1 (SP1) as a maternal serum marker for Down syndrome in the first and second trimesters. Prenat. Diagn. 17:1997;101-108.
    • (1997) Prenat. Diagn. , vol.17 , pp. 101-108
    • Qin, Q.P.1    Christiansen, M.2    Nguyen, T.H.3    Sorensen, S.4    Larsen, S.O.5    Norgaard-Pedersen, B.6
  • 17
    • 0032832077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The proform of eosinophil major basic protein: A new maternal serum marker for Down syndrome
    • Christiansen M., Oxvig C., Wagner J.M.et al. The proform of eosinophil major basic protein: a new maternal serum marker for Down syndrome. Prenat. Diagn. 19:1999;905-910.
    • (1999) Prenat. Diagn. , vol.19 , pp. 905-910
    • Christiansen, M.1    Oxvig, C.2    Wagner, J.M.3
  • 18
    • 0034065831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for trisomies 21 and 18 with maternal serum placental isoferritin p43 component
    • Morez C., Maymon R., Jauniaux E., Traub L., Cuckle H. Screening for trisomies 21 and 18 with maternal serum placental isoferritin p43 component. Prenat. Diagn. 20:2000;395-399.
    • (2000) Prenat. Diagn. , vol.20 , pp. 395-399
    • Morez, C.1    Maymon, R.2    Jauniaux, E.3    Traub, L.4    Cuckle, H.5
  • 19
    • 0030957737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First trimester free beta hCG, beta core and total estriol in pregnancies affected by Down syndrome: Implications for first-trimester screening with nuchal translucency and serum free beta hCG
    • Spencer K., Noble P., Snijders R.J.M., Nicolaides K.H. First trimester free beta hCG, beta core and total estriol in pregnancies affected by Down syndrome: implications for first-trimester screening with nuchal translucency and serum free beta hCG. Prenat. Diagn. 17:1997;525-538.
    • (1997) Prenat. Diagn. , vol.17 , pp. 525-538
    • Spencer, K.1    Noble, P.2    Snijders, R.J.M.3    Nicolaides, K.H.4
  • 20
    • 0029810786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary β-core hCG screening in the first trimester
    • Cuckle H.S., Canick J.A., Kellner L.H.et al. Urinary β-core hCG screening in the first trimester. Prenat. Diagn. 16:1996;1057-1059.
    • (1996) Prenat. Diagn. , vol.16 , pp. 1057-1059
    • Cuckle, H.S.1    Canick, J.A.2    Kellner, L.H.3
  • 21
    • 0032878656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Collaborative study of maternal urine β-core human chorionic gonadotropin screening for Down syndrome
    • Cuckle H.S., Canick J.A., Kellner L.H. Collaborative study of maternal urine β-core human chorionic gonadotropin screening for Down syndrome. Prenat. Diagn. 19:1999;911-917.
    • (1999) Prenat. Diagn. , vol.19 , pp. 911-917
    • Cuckle, H.S.1    Canick, J.A.2    Kellner, L.H.3
  • 22
    • 0034536224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary hyperglycosylated hCG in first trimester screening for chromosomal abnormalities
    • Weinans M.J., Butler S.A., Mantingh A., Cole A. Urinary hyperglycosylated hCG in first trimester screening for chromosomal abnormalities. Prenat. Diagn. 20:2000;976-978.
    • (2000) Prenat. Diagn. , vol.20 , pp. 976-978
    • Weinans, M.J.1    Butler, S.A.2    Mantingh, A.3    Cole, A.4
  • 23
    • 0025165471 scopus 로고
    • Nuchal fluid accumulation in trisomy-21 detected by vaginosonography in first trimester
    • Szabó J., Gellén J. Nuchal fluid accumulation in trisomy-21 detected by vaginosonography in first trimester. Lancet. I:1990;336.
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 336
    • Szabó, J.1    Gellén, J.2
  • 24
    • 0026562612 scopus 로고
    • Fetal nuchal translucency: Ultrasound screening for chromosomal defects in the first trimester
    • Nicolaides K.H., Azar G., Byrne D., Mansur C., Marks K. Fetal nuchal translucency: ultrasound screening for chromosomal defects in the first trimester. BMJ. 304:1992;867-869.
    • (1992) BMJ , vol.304 , pp. 867-869
    • Nicolaides, K.H.1    Azar, G.2    Byrne, D.3    Mansur, C.4    Marks, K.5
  • 25
    • 0032971395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First-trimester nuchal translucency screening for fetal aneuploidy
    • Sherer D.M., Manning F.A. First-trimester nuchal translucency screening for fetal aneuploidy. Am. J. Perinatol. 16:1999;103-120.
    • (1999) Am. J. Perinatol. , vol.16 , pp. 103-120
    • Sherer, D.M.1    Manning, F.A.2
  • 26
    • 0029588613 scopus 로고
    • Screening for fetal trisomies by maternal age and fetal nuchal translucency thickness at 10 to 14 weeks of gestation
    • Pandya P.P., Snijders R.J., Johnson S.P., De Lourdes Brizot M., Nicolaides K.H. Screening for fetal trisomies by maternal age and fetal nuchal translucency thickness at 10 to 14 weeks of gestation. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 102:1995;957-962.
    • (1995) Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. , vol.102 , pp. 957-962
    • Pandya, P.P.1    Snijders, R.J.2    Johnson, S.P.3    De Lourdes Brizot, M.4    Nicolaides, K.H.5
  • 27
    • 0000193918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combining ultrasound and biochemistry in first-trimester screening for Down's syndrome
    • Wald N.J., Hackshaw A.K. Combining ultrasound and biochemistry in first-trimester screening for Down's syndrome. Prenat. Diagn. 18:1998;511-523.
    • (1998) Prenat. Diagn. , vol.18 , pp. 511-523
    • Wald, N.J.1    Hackshaw, A.K.2
  • 28
    • 0006951772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correct estimation of parameters for ultrasound nuchal translucency screening
    • Nicolaides K.H., Snijders R.J., Cuckle H.S. Correct estimation of parameters for ultrasound nuchal translucency screening. Prenat. Diagn. 18:1998;519-523.
    • (1998) Prenat. Diagn. , vol.18 , pp. 519-523
    • Nicolaides, K.H.1    Snijders, R.J.2    Cuckle, H.S.3
  • 29
    • 0031047257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormalities of the heart and great arteries in first trimester chromosomally abnormal fetuses
    • Hyett J., Moscoso G., Nicolaides K. Abnormalities of the heart and great arteries in first trimester chromosomally abnormal fetuses. Am. J. Med. Genet. 69:1997;207-216.
    • (1997) Am. J. Med. Genet. , vol.69 , pp. 207-216
    • Hyett, J.1    Moscoso, G.2    Nicolaides, K.3
  • 31
    • 0035904786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of nasal bone in fetuses with trisomy 21 at 11-14 weeks of gestation: An observational study
    • Cicero S., Curcio P., Papageorghiou A., Sonek J., Nicolaides K. Absence of nasal bone in fetuses with trisomy 21 at 11-14 weeks of gestation: an observational study. Lancet. 358:2001;1665-1667.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , pp. 1665-1667
    • Cicero, S.1    Curcio, P.2    Papageorghiou, A.3    Sonek, J.4    Nicolaides, K.5
  • 32
    • 0034121064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of ethnic origin on first trimester biochemical markers of chromosomal abnormalities
    • Spencer K., Ong C.Y.T., Liao A.W.J., Nicolaides K.H. The influence of ethnic origin on first trimester biochemical markers of chromosomal abnormalities. Prenat. Diagn. 20:2000;491-494.
    • (2000) Prenat. Diagn. , vol.20 , pp. 491-494
    • Spencer, K.1    Ong, C.Y.T.2    Liao, A.W.J.3    Nicolaides, K.H.4
  • 34
    • 0033961426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for trisomy 21 in twin pregnancies in the first trimester using free beta-hCG and PAPP-A, combined with fetal nuchal translucency thickness
    • Spencer K. Screening for trisomy 21 in twin pregnancies in the first trimester using free beta-hCG and PAPP-A, combined with fetal nuchal translucency thickness. Prenat. Diagn. 20:2000;91-95.
    • (2000) Prenat. Diagn. , vol.20 , pp. 91-95
    • Spencer, K.1
  • 35
    • 0033873201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First trimester prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 21 in discordant twins using fetal nuchal translucency thickness and maternal serum free beta-hCG and PAPP-A
    • Spencer K., Nicolaides K.H. First trimester prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 21 in discordant twins using fetal nuchal translucency thickness and maternal serum free beta-hCG and PAPP-A. Prenat. Diagn. 20:2000;683-684.
    • (2000) Prenat. Diagn. , vol.20 , pp. 683-684
    • Spencer, K.1    Nicolaides, K.H.2
  • 36
    • 0033745809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of parity and gravidity on first trimester markers of chromosomal abnormality
    • Spencer K., Ong C.Y., Liao A.W., Nicolaides K.H. The influence of parity and gravidity on first trimester markers of chromosomal abnormality. Prenat. Diagn. 20:2000;792-794.
    • (2000) Prenat. Diagn. , vol.20 , pp. 792-794
    • Spencer, K.1    Ong, C.Y.2    Liao, A.W.3    Nicolaides, K.H.4
  • 37
    • 0033880564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of fetal sex in screening for trisomy 21 by fetal nuchal translucency, maternal serum free beta-hCG and PAPP-A at 10-14 weeks of gestation
    • Spencer K., Ong C.Y., Liao A.W., Papademetriou D., Nicolaides K.H. The influence of fetal sex in screening for trisomy 21 by fetal nuchal translucency, maternal serum free beta-hCG and PAPP-A at 10-14 weeks of gestation. Prenat. Diagn. 20:2000;673-675.
    • (2000) Prenat. Diagn. , vol.20 , pp. 673-675
    • Spencer, K.1    Ong, C.Y.2    Liao, A.W.3    Papademetriou, D.4    Nicolaides, K.H.5
  • 38
    • 0033799683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First trimester maternal serum free beta human chorionic gonadotrophin and pregnancy associated plasma protein A as predictors of pregnancy complications
    • Ong C.Y., Liao A.W., Spencer K., Munim S., Nicolaides K.H. First trimester maternal serum free beta human chorionic gonadotrophin and pregnancy associated plasma protein A as predictors of pregnancy complications. BJOG. 107:2000;1265-1270.
    • (2000) BJOG , vol.107 , pp. 1265-1270
    • Ong, C.Y.1    Liao, A.W.2    Spencer, K.3    Munim, S.4    Nicolaides, K.H.5
  • 39
    • 0034931795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First-trimester screening for trisomy 21 in singleton pregnancies achieved by assisted reproduction
    • Liao A.W., Heath V., Kametas N., Spencer K., Nicolaides K.H. First-trimester screening for trisomy 21 in singleton pregnancies achieved by assisted reproduction. Hum. Reprod. 16:2001;1501-1504.
    • (2001) Hum. Reprod. , vol.16 , pp. 1501-1504
    • Liao, A.W.1    Heath, V.2    Kametas, N.3    Spencer, K.4    Nicolaides, K.H.5
  • 42
    • 0031983965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Joint estimation of Down syndrome risk and ascertainment rates: A meta-analysis of nine published data sets
    • Bray I., Wright D.E., Davies C., Hook E.B. Joint estimation of Down syndrome risk and ascertainment rates: a meta-analysis of nine published data sets. Prenat. Diagn. 8:1998;9-20.
    • (1998) Prenat. Diagn. , vol.8 , pp. 9-20
    • Bray, I.1    Wright, D.E.2    Davies, C.3    Hook, E.B.4
  • 43
    • 0032730221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Down syndrome fetal loss rate in early pregnancy
    • Cuckle H. Down syndrome fetal loss rate in early pregnancy. Prenat. Diagn. 19:1999;1177-1179.
    • (1999) Prenat. Diagn. , vol.19 , pp. 1177-1179
    • Cuckle, H.1
  • 44
    • 0032146382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UK multicentre project on assessment of risk of trisomy 21 by maternal age and fetal nuchal-translucency thickness at 10-14 weeks of gestation
    • Snijders R.J., Noble P., Sebire N., Souka A., Nicolaides K.H. UK multicentre project on assessment of risk of trisomy 21 by maternal age and fetal nuchal-translucency thickness at 10-14 weeks of gestation. Lancet. 352:1998;343-346.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 343-346
    • Snijders, R.J.1    Noble, P.2    Sebire, N.3    Souka, A.4    Nicolaides, K.H.5
  • 45
    • 0032145555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antenatal screening for Down's syndrome: Where are we and where next?
    • Haddow J.E. Antenatal screening for Down's syndrome: where are we and where next? Lancet. 352:1998;336-337.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 336-337
    • Haddow, J.E.1
  • 46
    • 0033795008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One stop clinic for risk assessment for fetal anomalies: A report of the first year of prospective screening for chromosome anomalies in the first trimester
    • Spencer K., Spencer C.E., Power M., Moakes A., Nicolaides K.H. One stop clinic for risk assessment for fetal anomalies: a report of the first year of prospective screening for chromosome anomalies in the first trimester. BJOG. 107:2000;1271-1275.
    • (2000) BJOG , vol.107 , pp. 1271-1275
    • Spencer, K.1    Spencer, C.E.2    Power, M.3    Moakes, A.4    Nicolaides, K.H.5
  • 48
    • 0030075767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrauterine lethality of trisomy 21 fetuses with increased nuchal translucency thickness
    • Hyett J.A., Sebire N.J., Snijders R.J., Nicolaides K.H. Intrauterine lethality of trisomy 21 fetuses with increased nuchal translucency thickness. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 7:1996;101-103.
    • (1996) Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. , vol.7 , pp. 101-103
    • Hyett, J.A.1    Sebire, N.J.2    Snijders, R.J.3    Nicolaides, K.H.4
  • 49
    • 0002418993 scopus 로고
    • The frequency of chromosome abnormalities detected in consecutive newborn studies - Differences between studies-results by sex and by severity of phenotypic involvement
    • E.B. Hook, & I.H. Porter. New York: Academic Press
    • Hook E.B., Hamerton J.L. The frequency of chromosome abnormalities detected in consecutive newborn studies - differences between studies-results by sex and by severity of phenotypic involvement. Hook E.B., Porter I.H. Population cytogenetics: studies in humans. 1977;63-79 Academic Press, New York.
    • (1977) Population cytogenetics: Studies in humans , pp. 63-79
    • Hook, E.B.1    Hamerton, J.L.2
  • 50
    • 0031725687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal serum screening for trisomy 18 in the first trimester of pregnancy
    • Biagiotti R., Cariati E., Brizzi L., Cappelli G., D'Agata A. Maternal serum screening for trisomy 18 in the first trimester of pregnancy. Prenat. Diagn. 18:1998;907-913.
    • (1998) Prenat. Diagn. , vol.18 , pp. 907-913
    • Biagiotti, R.1    Cariati, E.2    Brizzi, L.3    Cappelli, G.4    D'Agata, A.5
  • 51
    • 0032710295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for trisomy 18 by fetal nuchal translucency and maternal serum free β-hCG and PAPP-A at 10-14 weeks of gestation
    • Tul N., Spencer K., Noble P., Chan C., Nicolaides K. Screening for trisomy 18 by fetal nuchal translucency and maternal serum free β-hCG and PAPP-A at 10-14 weeks of gestation. Prenat. Diagn. 19:1999;1035-1042.
    • (1999) Prenat. Diagn. , vol.19 , pp. 1035-1042
    • Tul, N.1    Spencer, K.2    Noble, P.3    Chan, C.4    Nicolaides, K.5
  • 52
    • 0034073499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for trisomy 13 by fetal nuchal translucency and maternal serum free β-hCG and PAPP-A at 10-14 weeks of gestation
    • Spencer K., Ong C., Skentou H., Liao A.W., Nicolaides K.H. Screening for trisomy 13 by fetal nuchal translucency and maternal serum free β-hCG and PAPP-A at 10-14 weeks of gestation. Prenat. Diagn. 20:2000;411-416.
    • (2000) Prenat. Diagn. , vol.20 , pp. 411-416
    • Spencer, K.1    Ong, C.2    Skentou, H.3    Liao, A.W.4    Nicolaides, K.H.5
  • 53
    • 0034062921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal serum free beta-hCG and PAPP-A in fetal sex chromosome defects in the first trimester
    • Spencer K., Tul N., Nicolaides K.H. Maternal serum free beta-hCG and PAPP-A in fetal sex chromosome defects in the first trimester. Prenat. Diagn. 20:2000;390-394.
    • (2000) Prenat. Diagn. , vol.20 , pp. 390-394
    • Spencer, K.1    Tul, N.2    Nicolaides, K.H.3
  • 54
    • 0034041082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for triploidy by fetal nuchal translucency and maternal serum free beta-hCG and PAPP-A at 10-14 weeks of gestation
    • Spencer K., Liao A.W., Skentou H., Cicero S., Nicolaides K.H. Screening for triploidy by fetal nuchal translucency and maternal serum free beta-hCG and PAPP-A at 10-14 weeks of gestation. Prenat. Diagn. 20:2000;495-499.
    • (2000) Prenat. Diagn. , vol.20 , pp. 495-499
    • Spencer, K.1    Liao, A.W.2    Skentou, H.3    Cicero, S.4    Nicolaides, K.H.5
  • 55
    • 0033537299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using fetal nuchal translucency to screen for major congenital cardiac defects at 10-14 weeks of gestation: Population based cohort study
    • Hyett J., Perdu M., Sharland G., Snijders R., Nicolaides K.H. Using fetal nuchal translucency to screen for major congenital cardiac defects at 10-14 weeks of gestation: population based cohort study. BMJ. 318:1999;81-85.
    • (1999) BMJ , vol.318 , pp. 81-85
    • Hyett, J.1    Perdu, M.2    Sharland, G.3    Snijders, R.4    Nicolaides, K.H.5
  • 56
    • 0032972565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased first trimester nuchal translucency: Pregnancy and infant outcomes after routine screening for Down's syndrome in an unselected antenatal population
    • Adekunle O., Gopee A., El-Sayed M., Thilaganathan B. Increased first trimester nuchal translucency: pregnancy and infant outcomes after routine screening for Down's syndrome in an unselected antenatal population. Br. J. Radiol. 72:1999;457-460.
    • (1999) Br. J. Radiol. , vol.72 , pp. 457-460
    • Adekunle, O.1    Gopee, A.2    El-Sayed, M.3    Thilaganathan, B.4
  • 57
    • 0035086937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuchal translucency measurement and pregnancy outcome in karyotypically normal fetuses
    • Michailidis G., Economides D.L. Nuchal translucency measurement and pregnancy outcome in karyotypically normal fetuses. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 17:2001;102-105.
    • (2001) Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. , vol.17 , pp. 102-105
    • Michailidis, G.1    Economides, D.L.2
  • 58
    • 0032730404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy outcome and nuchal translucency measurements in fetuses with a normal karyotype
    • Pajkrt E., Mol B.W., Bleker O.P., Bilardo C.M. Pregnancy outcome and nuchal translucency measurements in fetuses with a normal karyotype. Prenat. Diagn. 19:1999;1104-1108.
    • (1999) Prenat. Diagn. , vol.19 , pp. 1104-1108
    • Pajkrt, E.1    Mol, B.W.2    Bleker, O.P.3    Bilardo, C.M.4
  • 59
    • 0034920539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome of pregnancy in chromosomally normal fetuses with increased nuchal translucency in the first trimester
    • Souka A.P., Krampl E., Bakalis S., Heath V., Nicolaides K.H. Outcome of pregnancy in chromosomally normal fetuses with increased nuchal translucency in the first trimester. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 18:2001;9-17.
    • (2001) Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. , vol.18 , pp. 9-17
    • Souka, A.P.1    Krampl, E.2    Bakalis, S.3    Heath, V.4    Nicolaides, K.H.5
  • 62
    • 0033549839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrated screening for Down's syndrome on the basis of tests performed during the first and second trimesters
    • Wald N.J., Watt H.C., Hackshaw A.K. Integrated screening for Down's syndrome on the basis of tests performed during the first and second trimesters. N. Engl. J. Med. 341:1999;461-467.
    • (1999) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.341 , pp. 461-467
    • Wald, N.J.1    Watt, H.C.2    Hackshaw, A.K.3
  • 63
    • 0034810250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the value of reporting partial screening results in prenatal screening for Down syndrome
    • Hackshaw A.K., Wald N.J. Assessment of the value of reporting partial screening results in prenatal screening for Down syndrome. Prenat. Diagn. 21:2001;737-740.
    • (2001) Prenat. Diagn. , vol.21 , pp. 737-740
    • Hackshaw, A.K.1    Wald, N.J.2
  • 64
    • 0034804830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inaccurate estimation of risk in second trimester serum screening for Down syndrome among women who have already had first trimester screening
    • Hackshaw A.K., Wald N.J. Inaccurate estimation of risk in second trimester serum screening for Down syndrome among women who have already had first trimester screening. Prenat. Diagn. 21:2001;741-746.
    • (2001) Prenat. Diagn. , vol.21 , pp. 741-746
    • Hackshaw, A.K.1    Wald, N.J.2
  • 65
    • 0033549746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal screening for Down's syndrome - A search for the family's values
    • Copel J.A., Bahado-Singh R.O. Prenatal screening for Down's syndrome - a search for the family's values. N. Engl. J. Med. 341:1999;521-522.
    • (1999) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.341 , pp. 521-522
    • Copel, J.A.1    Bahado-Singh, R.O.2
  • 66
    • 0035083391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased nuchal translucency and normal karyotype: Coping with uncertainty
    • Bilardo C.M. Increased nuchal translucency and normal karyotype: coping with uncertainty. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 17:2001;99-101.
    • (2001) Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. , vol.17 , pp. 99-101
    • Bilardo, C.M.1
  • 67
    • 0034925646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrating antenatal Down's syndrome screening
    • Cuckle H. Integrating antenatal Down's syndrome screening. Curr. Opin. Obstet. Gynecol. 13:2001;175-181.
    • (2001) Curr. Opin. Obstet. Gynecol. , vol.13 , pp. 175-181
    • Cuckle, H.1
  • 68
    • 0035904768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time for a total shift to first-trimester screening for Down's syndrome
    • Cuckle H. Time for a total shift to first-trimester screening for Down's syndrome. Lancet. 358:2001;1658-1659.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , pp. 1658-1659
    • Cuckle, H.1
  • 70
    • 0005224989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • May: Hyattsville, MD
    • National Center for Health Statistics, 1999 Natality Data Set: CD-ROM Series 21; no. 12; May 2001: Hyattsville, MD.
    • (2001) 1999 Natality Data Set: CD-ROM Series 21 , vol.12
  • 72
    • 0030027962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal screening for Down's syndrome using inhibin-A as a serum marker
    • Erratum: Prenat. Diagn. 1997;17:285-290
    • Wald N.J., Densem J.W., George L., Muttukrishna S., Knight P.G. Prenatal screening for Down's syndrome using inhibin-A as a serum marker. Prenat. Diagn. 16:1996;143-152. Erratum: Prenat. Diagn. 17:1997;285-290.
    • (1996) Prenat. Diagn. , vol.16 , pp. 143-152
    • Wald, N.J.1    Densem, J.W.2    George, L.3    Muttukrishna, S.4    Knight, P.G.5
  • 73
    • 0033851451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assay precision of serum α fetoprotein in antenatal screening for neural tube defects and Down's syndrome
    • Wald N.J., Hackshaw A.K., George L.M. Assay precision of serum α fetoprotein in antenatal screening for neural tube defects and Down's syndrome. J. Med. Screen. 7:2000;74-77.
    • (2000) J. Med. Screen , vol.7 , pp. 74-77
    • Wald, N.J.1    Hackshaw, A.K.2    George, L.M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.