Steps to reduce nosocomial infections in children

Infections in Medicine

Volumn 19, Issue 9, 2002, Pages 414-424

  Elward, Alexis M ^a   McGann, Kathleen A ^a  

^a WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Noscomial infection; Pediatrics; Pertussis; Prevention; Respiratory syncytial virus; Rotavirus

Indexed keywords

AZITHROMYCIN; CHLORHEXIDINE; CLARITHROMYCIN; ERYTHROMYCIN; MACROLIDE; PERTUSSIS VACCINE;

ARTICLE; CHICKENPOX; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; DISINFECTION; DRUG EFFICACY; GASTROENTERITIS; HEALTH CARE COST; HEALTH PROGRAM; HEALTH VISITOR; HOSPITAL INFECTION; HUMAN; INFECTION CONTROL; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; INSTRUMENT STERILIZATION; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; MASS SCREENING; MORTALITY; PATIENT CARE; PERSONAL HYGIENE; PERTUSSIS; PNEUMONIA; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL PNEUMOVIRUS; RISK FACTOR; ROTAVIRUS; UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; VIRUS ISOLATION;

EID: 0036751103     PISSN: 07496524     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Richards MJ, Edwards JR, Culver DH, Gaynes RP. Nosocomial infections in pediatric intensive care units in the United States. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. Pediatrics. 1999;103:e39.
2. Huskins WC, Goldmann DA. Nosocomial infections. In: Feigin RD, Cherry JD, eds: Textbook of Pdiatric Infectious Diseases. 4th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co; 1998;2545-2585.
3. Raymond J, Aujard Y. Nosocomial infections in pediatric patients: a European, multicenter prospective study. European Study Group. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2000;21:260-263.
4. Ford-Jones EL, Mindorff CM, Langley JM, et al. Epidemiologic study of 4684 hospital-acquired infections in pediatric patients. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1989;8:668-675.
5. Lacroix J, Skippen P, Cox P, et al. Nosocomial infections in the PICU. In: Furham BP, Zimmerman JJ, eds. Pediatric Critical Care. St Louis: Mosby; 1998:1035-1059.
6. Garner JS. Guidelines for isolation precaution in hospitals. Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Am J Infect Control. 1996;24:24-52.
7. Langley JM, Leblanc JC, Wang EE, et al. Nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus in Canadian pediatric hospitals: a Pediatric Investigators Collaborative Networks on Infections in Canada Study. Pediatrics. 1997;100:943-946.
8. Karanfil LV, Conlon M, Lykens K, et al. Reducting the rate of nosocomially transmitted respiratory syncytial virus. Am J Infect Control. 1999; 27:91-96.
9. Goldwater PN, Martin AJ, Brownwyn R, et al. A survey of nosocomial respiratory viral infections in a children's hospital: occult respiratory infection in patients admitted during an epidemic season. Infect. Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1991;12:231-238.
10. Hall CB, Douglas RG, Geiman JM, Messner MK. Nosocomial respiratory sycytial virus infections. N Engl J Med. 1975;293:1343-1346.
11. Hall CB, Douglas RG, Geiman JM. Possible transmission by fomites of respiratory syncytial virus. J Infect Dis. 1980;141:98-102.
12. Aintablian N, Walpita, P, Sawyer MH. Detection of Bordetella pertussis respiratory syncytial virus in air samples form hospital rooms. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1998;19:918-923.
13. Leclair JM, Freeman J, Sullivan BF, et al. Prevention of nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infections through compliance with gown and glove precautions. N Engl J Med. 1987;317:329-334.
14. Hall CB, Douglas RG. Nonsocomial respiratory syncytial virus infections. Am J Dis Child. 1981; 135:512-515.
15. Contreras PA, Sami IR, Darnell ME, et al. Inactivation of respiratory syncytial virus by generic hand dishwashing detergenta and antibacterial hand soaps. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1999;20:57-58.
16. Krilov LR, Harkness SH. Inactivation of respiratory syncytial virus by detergents and disinfectants. Pediatric Infect Dis J. 1993;12:582-584
17. Schurmann W, Eggerr HJ. Antiviral activity of an alcoholic hand disinfectant. Comparison of the in vitro suspension test with in vivo experiments on hands and on individual fingertips Antiviral Res. 1983;3:25-41.
18. Ford-Jones EL, Mindorff CM, Gold R, Petric M. The incidence of viral-associated diarrhea after admission to a pediatric hospital. Am J Epidemiol. 1990;131:711-718.
19. Mitchell DK, Pickering LK. Nosocomial gastrointestinal tract infections in pediatric patients. In: Mayhall CG, ed. Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1999: 629-647.
20. Bishop RF. Natural history of human rotarvirus infection. Arch Virol Suppl. 1996;12:119-128.
21. Pickering LK, ed. Red Book 2000. 25th ed. Elk Grove Village, III: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2000.
22. Dennehy PH. Transmission of rotavirus and other enteric pathogens in the home. Pediatr infect Dis J. 2000;19:S103-S105.
23. Sattar SA, Jacobsen H, Rahman H, et al. Interruption of rotavirus spread through chemical disinfection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1994; 15:751-756.
24. Sattar SA, Raphael RA, Lochnan H, Springthorpe VS. Rotavirus inactivation by chemical-disinfectants and antiseptics used in hospitals. Can J Microbiol. 1983;29:1464-1469.
25. Rogers M, Weinstock DM, Eagan J, et al. Rotavirus outbreak on a pediatric oncology floor: possible association with toys. Am J Infect Control. 2000;28:378-380.
26. Bass JW. Pertussis: current status of prevention and treatment. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1985;4:614-619,
27. Guris D, Stebel PM, Bardenheier B, et al. Changing epidemiology of pertussis in the United States: increasing reported incidence among adolescents and adults. Clin Infect Dis. 1999;28:1230-1237.
28. Nennig ME, Shinefield HR, Edwards KM, et al. Prevalence and incidence of adult pertussis in an urban population. JAMA. 1996;275:1672-1674.
29. Qiushui H, Viljanen MK, Arvilommi H, et al. Whooping cough caused by Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis in an immunized population. JAMA 1998;280:635-637.
30. Wright SW, Decker MD, Edwards KM. Incidence of pertussis infection in healthcare workers. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1999;20:120-123.
31. Cherry JD. Nosocomial pertussis in the nineties. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1995;16:553-555.
32. Mortensen JE, Rodgers GL. In vitro activity of gemifloxacin and other antimicrobial agents against isolates of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2000; 45(supp 1):47-49.
33. Bace A, Zrnic T, Begovac, et al. Short-term treatment of pertussis with azithromycin in infants and young children. Eur J Clin Micriobiol Infect Dis. 1999;18:296-298.
34. Lebel MH, Mehra S. Efficacy and safety of clarithromycin verus erythromycin for treatment of pertussis: a prospective randomized single blind trial. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2001;20:1149-1154.
35. Milliken J, Tait GA, Ford-Jones L, et al. Nosocomial infections in a pediatric intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 1988;16:233-237.
36. Sing-Naz N, Sprague BM, Patel KM, Pollack M. Risk factors for nosocomial infection in critically ill children: a prospective cohort study. Crit Care Med. 1996;24:875-878.
37. Gaynes RP, Edwards JR, Jarvis WR, et al. Nosocomial infections among neonates in high-risk nurseries in the United States. Pediatrics. 1996; 98:357-361.
38. Fanaroff AA, Kormes SB, Wright LL, et al. Incidence, presenting features, risk factors and significance of late onset septicemia in very low birth weight infants: the National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1998;17:593-598.
39. Fayon MJ, Tucci M, Lacroix J, et al. Nosocomial al pneumonia and tracheitis in a pediatric intensive care unit: a prospective study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;155:162-169.
40. Sohn AH, Garrett DO, Sinkowitz-Cochran RL, et al. Results from the first national point prevalence survey of nosocomial infections in neonatal intensive care unit patients. In: Program and Abstracts of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, September 17-20, 2000; New Orleans. Abstract 651.
41. Albert RK, Condie F. Handwashing patterns in the medical intensive care unit. N Engl J Med 1981;304:1465-1466.
42. Kaplan LM, McGuckin M. Increasing handwashing compliance with more accessible sinks. Infect Control. 1986;7:408-410.
43. Preston GA, Larson EL, Stamm WE. The effect of private isolation rooms on patient care practices, colonization and infection in an intensive care unit. Am J Med. 1981;70:641-645.
44. Pittet D. Mourouga P. Compliance with handwashing in a teaching hospital. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:126-130.
45. Simmons B, Bryant J, Neiman K, et al. The role of handwashing in prevention of endemic intensive care unit infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1990;11:589-594.
46. Conley JM, Hills S, Ross J. Handwashing practices in an intensive care unit: the effects of an educational program and its relationship to infection rates. Am J Infect Control. 1989;17:330-339.
47. Voss A, Widmer AF. No time for handwashing? Handwashing versus alcoholic rub: can we afford 100% compliance? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1997;18:205-208.
48. Larson EL, Bryan JL, Adler LM, Blabe C. A multifaceted approach to changing handwashing behavior. Am J Infect Control. 1997;25:3-10.
49. Kretzer EK, Larson EL. Behavioral interventions to improve infection control practices. Am Infect Control. 1998;26:245-253.
50. Coignard B, Grandbastein B, Berrouane Y. Handwashing quality: impact of a special program. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1998;19:510-513.
51. Zaragoza M, Salles M, Gomez J. Handwashing with soap or alcoholic solutions? A randomized clinical trial of its effectiveness. Am J Infect Control. 1999;27:258-261.
52. Larson EL, Early E, Cloonan P, et al. An organizational climate intervention associated with increased handwashing and decreased nosocomial infections. Behav Med. 2000;26:14-22.
53. Pearsen ML. Guideline for prevention of intravascular device-related infections. Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1996;17:438-473.
54. Mermel LA. Prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections. Ann Intern Med 2000; 132:391-402.
55. Pemberton LB, Lyman B, Lander V, et al. Sepsis from triple- vs single-lumen catheters during total parentel nutrition in surgical or critically ill patients. Arch Surg. 1986;121:591-594.
56. McCarthy MC, Shives JK, Robison RJ, Broadie TA. Prospective evaluation of single and triple lumen catheters in total parentel nutrition. JPEN. 1987;11:259-262.
57. Hilton E, Haslett TM, Borenstein MT, et al. Central catheter infections: single-versus triple-lumen catheters. Influence of guide wires on infection rates when used of replacement of catheters. Am J Med. 1988.;84:667-672.
58. Clark-Christoff N, Watters VA, Sparks W, et al. Use of triple-lumen subclavian catheters for administration of total parentel nutrition. JPEN. 1992;16:403-407.
59. Mermel LA, Maki DG. Epidemic blood stream infections from hemodynamic pressure monitoring: signs of the time. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1989;10:47-53.
60. Tablan OC, Anderson LJ, Arden NH, et al. Guidelines for the prevention of nosocomial pneumonia. The Hospital Infection Control practices Control and Prevention. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1994;15:587-627.
61. Kollef MH. The prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. N Engl J Med 1999;340:627-634.