메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 205, Issue 18, 2002, Pages 2915-2924

Altitudinal variation in parental energy expenditure by white-crowned sparrows

Author keywords

Field metabolic rate; Parental effort; Reproductive effort; White crowned sparrow; Zonotrichia leucophrys

Indexed keywords

ALTITUDE; ANIMAL; ARTICLE; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; COMPARATIVE STUDY; ENERGY METABOLISM; PHYSIOLOGY; SONGBIRD; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; TEMPERATURE; WIND;

EID: 0036747247     PISSN: 00220949     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (26)

References (87)
  • 1
    • 0003605608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: American Ornithologist's Union
    • th edition. Washington, DC: American Ornithologist's Union.
    • (1998) th Edition
  • 2
    • 26444604618 scopus 로고
    • Der Ruheumsatz von Vögelen als Funktion der Tageszeit und der Körpergrösse
    • Aschoff, J. and Pohl, H. (1970). Der Ruheumsatz von Vögelen als Funktion der Tageszeit und der Körpergrösse. J. Ornithol. 111, 38-47.
    • (1970) J. Ornithol. , vol.111 , pp. 38-47
    • Aschoff, J.1    Pohl, H.2
  • 3
    • 0001165311 scopus 로고
    • Demography of white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttalli)
    • Baker, M. C., Mewaldt, L. R. and Stewart, R. M. (1981). Demography of white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttalli). Ecology 62, 636-644.
    • (1981) Ecology , vol.62 , pp. 636-644
    • Baker, M.C.1    Mewaldt, L.R.2    Stewart, R.M.3
  • 4
    • 0000495426 scopus 로고
    • The use of standard operative temperature in the study of the thermal energetics of birds
    • Bakken, G. S. (1980). The use of standard operative temperature in the study of the thermal energetics of birds. Physiol. Zool. 53, 108-199.
    • (1980) Physiol. Zool. , vol.53 , pp. 108-199
    • Bakken, G.S.1
  • 5
    • 0000242601 scopus 로고
    • Estimating the effect of wind on avian metabolic rate with standard operative temperature
    • Bakken, G. S. (1990). Estimating the effect of wind on avian metabolic rate with standard operative temperature. Auk 107, 587-594.
    • (1990) Auk , vol.107 , pp. 587-594
    • Bakken, G.S.1
  • 6
    • 77957212957 scopus 로고
    • Operative and standard operative temperature: Tools for thermal energetics studies
    • Bakken, G. S., Santee, W. R. and Erskine, D. J. (1985). Operative and standard operative temperature: tools for thermal energetics studies. Am. Zool. 25, 933-943.
    • (1985) Am. Zool. , vol.25 , pp. 933-943
    • Bakken, G.S.1    Santee, W.R.2    Erskine, D.J.3
  • 7
    • 0002282031 scopus 로고
    • The white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys) of the Pacific seaboard: Environment and annual cycle
    • Blanchard, B. D. (1941). The white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys) of the Pacific seaboard: environment and annual cycle. Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. 46, 1-178.
    • (1941) Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. , vol.46 , pp. 1-178
    • Blanchard, B.D.1
  • 8
    • 0033593285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heating nest-boxes reveals an energetic constraint on incubation behaviour in great tits
    • Bryan, S. M. and Bryant, D. M. (1999). Heating nest-boxes reveals an energetic constraint on incubation behaviour in great tits, Parus major. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 266, 157-162.
    • (1999) Parus Major. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.266 , pp. 157-162
    • Bryan, S.M.1    Bryant, D.M.2
  • 9
    • 0024194084 scopus 로고
    • Energy expenditure and body mass changes as measures of reproductive costs in birds
    • Bryant, D. M. (1988). Energy expenditure and body mass changes as measures of reproductive costs in birds. Funct. Ecol. 2, 23-34.
    • (1988) Funct. Ecol. , vol.2 , pp. 23-34
    • Bryant, D.M.1
  • 10
    • 0024897631 scopus 로고
    • Determination of respiration rates of free-living animals by the double-labelling technique
    • ed. P. J. Grubb and J. B. Whittaker. Oxford: Blackwell
    • Bryant, D. M. (1989). Determination of respiration rates of free-living animals by the double-labelling technique. In Toward a More Exact Ecology, vol. 30 (ed. P. J. Grubb and J. B. Whittaker), pp. 85-109. Oxford: Blackwell.
    • (1989) Toward a More Exact Ecology , vol.30 , pp. 85-109
    • Bryant, D.M.1
  • 11
    • 0031263954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy expenditure in wild birds
    • Bryant, D. M. (1997). Energy expenditure in wild birds. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 56, 1025-1039.
    • (1997) Proc. Nutr. Soc. , vol.56 , pp. 1025-1039
    • Bryant, D.M.1
  • 12
    • 0000051763 scopus 로고
    • Energy expenditure by free-living dippers (Cinclus cinclus) in winter
    • Bryant, D. M., Hails, C. J. and Prys-Jones, R. (1985). Energy expenditure by free-living dippers (Cinclus cinclus) in winter. Condor 87, 177-186.
    • (1985) Condor , vol.87 , pp. 177-186
    • Bryant, D.M.1    Hails, C.J.2    Prys-Jones, R.3
  • 13
    • 0024264374 scopus 로고
    • Energetics of the annual cycle of dippers Cinclus cinclus
    • Bryant, D. M. and Tatner, P. (1988). Energetics of the annual cycle of dippers Cinclus cinclus. Ibis 130, 17-38.
    • (1988) Ibis , vol.130 , pp. 17-38
    • Bryant, D.M.1    Tatner, P.2
  • 14
    • 0026066149 scopus 로고
    • Intraspecies variation in avian energy expenditure: Correlates and constraints
    • Bryant, D. M. and Tatner, P. (1991). Intraspecies variation in avian energy expenditure: correlates and constraints. Ibis 133, 236-245.
    • (1991) Ibis , vol.133 , pp. 236-245
    • Bryant, D.M.1    Tatner, P.2
  • 15
    • 0002330624 scopus 로고
    • The energy budget of the house martin Delichon urbica
    • Bryant, D. M. and Westerterp, K. R. (1980). The energy budget of the house martin Delichon urbica. Ardea 68, 91-102.
    • (1980) Ardea , vol.68 , pp. 91-102
    • Bryant, D.M.1    Westerterp, K.R.2
  • 16
    • 0021074644 scopus 로고
    • Short-term variability in energy turnover by breeding house martins (Delichon urbica): A study using doubly labelled water
    • Bryant, D. M. and Westerterp, K. R. (1983). Short-term variability in energy turnover by breeding house martins (Delichon urbica): a study using doubly labelled water. J. Anim. Ecol. 52, 524-544.
    • (1983) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.52 , pp. 524-544
    • Bryant, D.M.1    Westerterp, K.R.2
  • 17
    • 0000523949 scopus 로고
    • Time-budget estimates of avian energy expenditure; physiological and meteorological considerations
    • Buttemer, W. A., Hayworth, A. M., Weathers, W. W. and Nagy, K. A. (1986). Time-budget estimates of avian energy expenditure; physiological and meteorological considerations. Physiol. Zool. 59, 131-149.
    • (1986) Physiol. Zool. , vol.59 , pp. 131-149
    • Buttemer, W.A.1    Hayworth, A.M.2    Weathers, W.W.3    Nagy, K.A.4
  • 19
    • 0029199972 scopus 로고
    • Parental energy expenditure in relation to manipulated brood size in the European kestrel Falco tinnunculus
    • Deerenberg, C., Pen, I., Dijkstra, C., Arkies, B., Visser, G. H. and Daan, S. (1995). Parental energy expenditure in relation to manipulated brood size in the European kestrel Falco tinnunculus. Zool. Anal. Complex Syst. 99, 38-47.
    • (1995) Zool. Anal. Complex Syst. , vol.99 , pp. 38-47
    • Deerenberg, C.1    Pen, I.2    Dijkstra, C.3    Arkies, B.4    Visser, G.H.5    Daan, S.6
  • 21
    • 0032928246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Replacement males in the western bluebird: Opportunity for paternity, chick-feeding rules, and fitness consequences of male paternal care
    • Dickinson, J. L. and Weathers, W. W. (1999). Replacement males in the western bluebird: opportunity for paternity, chick-feeding rules, and fitness consequences of male paternal care. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 45, 201-209.
    • (1999) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.45 , pp. 201-209
    • Dickinson, J.L.1    Weathers, W.W.2
  • 22
    • 0000498563 scopus 로고
    • The prudent parent: Energetic adjustments in avian breeding
    • Drent, R. H. and Daan, S. (1980). The prudent parent: energetic adjustments in avian breeding. Ardea 68, 225-252.
    • (1980) Ardea , vol.68 , pp. 225-252
    • Drent, R.H.1    Daan, S.2
  • 23
    • 0001681768 scopus 로고
    • Nesting energetics of house wrens (Troglodytes aedon) in relation to maximal rates of energy flow
    • Dykstra, C. R. and Karasov, W. H. (1993). Nesting energetics of house wrens (Troglodytes aedon) in relation to maximal rates of energy flow. Auk 110, 481-491.
    • (1993) Auk , vol.110 , pp. 481-491
    • Dykstra, C.R.1    Karasov, W.H.2
  • 25
    • 0033848763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy costs of chick rearing in Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla)
    • Golet, G. H., Irons, D. B. and Costa, D. P. (2000). Energy costs of chick rearing in Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla). Can. J. Zool. 78, 982-991.
    • (2000) Can. J. Zool. , vol.78 , pp. 982-991
    • Golet, G.H.1    Irons, D.B.2    Costa, D.P.3
  • 26
    • 0015385440 scopus 로고
    • Determination of oxygen consumption by use of the paramagnetic oxygen analyzer
    • Hill, R. W. (1974). Determination of oxygen consumption by use of the paramagnetic oxygen analyzer. J. Appl Physiol. 33, 261-263.
    • (1974) J. Appl Physiol. , vol.33 , pp. 261-263
    • Hill, R.W.1
  • 27
    • 0016513150 scopus 로고
    • Natural selection and the evolution of reproductive effort
    • Hirshfield, M. F. and Tinkle, D. (1975). Natural selection and the evolution of reproductive effort. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72, 2227-2231.
    • (1975) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.72 , pp. 2227-2231
    • Hirshfield, M.F.1    Tinkle, D.2
  • 28
    • 0002781757 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen consumption and body temperature in relation to ambient temperature in the white-crowned sparrow
    • King, J. R. (1964). Oxygen consumption and body temperature in relation to ambient temperature in the white-crowned sparrow. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 12, 13-24.
    • (1964) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.12 , pp. 13-24
    • King, J.R.1
  • 31
    • 0002559891 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of life histories
    • ed. J. R. Krebs and N. B. Davies. Oxford: Blackwell
    • rd edition (ed. J. R. Krebs and N. B. Davies), pp. 32-68. Oxford: Blackwell.
    • (1991) rd Edition , pp. 32-68
    • Lessells, C.M.1
  • 32
    • 0001661223 scopus 로고
    • The accuracy of the bubble meter method for gas flow measurements
    • Levy, A. (1964). The accuracy of the bubble meter method for gas flow measurements. J. Sci. Instrum. 41, 449-453.
    • (1964) J. Sci. Instrum. , vol.41 , pp. 449-453
    • Levy, A.1
  • 35
    • 0023496913 scopus 로고
    • Food as a limit on breeding birds: A life-history perspective
    • Martin, T. E. (1987). Food as a limit on breeding birds: a life-history perspective. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Systematics 18, 453-487.
    • (1987) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Systematics , vol.18 , pp. 453-487
    • Martin, T.E.1
  • 36
    • 0034712036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental care and clutch sizes in North and South American birds
    • Martin, T. E., Martin, P. R., Olson, C. R., Heidinger, B. J. and Fontaine, J. J. (2000a). Parental care and clutch sizes in North and South American birds. Science 287, 1482-1485.
    • (2000) Science , vol.287 , pp. 1482-1485
    • Martin, T.E.1    Martin, P.R.2    Olson, C.R.3    Heidinger, B.J.4    Fontaine, J.J.5
  • 37
    • 0034703841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nest predation increases with parental activity: Separating nest site and parental activity effects
    • Martin, T. E., Scott, J. and Menge, C. (2000b). Nest predation increases with parental activity: separating nest site and parental activity effects. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 267, 2287-2294.
    • (2000) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.267 , pp. 2287-2294
    • Martin, T.E.1    Scott, J.2    Menge, C.3
  • 38
    • 0024875477 scopus 로고
    • Energetic limitation of avian parental effort: Field experiments in the kestrel (Falco tinnunculus)
    • Masman, D., Dijkstra, C., Daan, S. and Bult, A. (1989). Energetic limitation of avian parental effort: field experiments in the kestrel (Falco tinnunculus). J. Evol. Biol. 2, 435-455.
    • (1989) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.2 , pp. 435-455
    • Masman, D.1    Dijkstra, C.2    Daan, S.3    Bult, A.4
  • 39
    • 0000546076 scopus 로고
    • The oxygen consumption of the mountain white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha) in relation to air temperature
    • Maxwell, C. S. and King, J. R. (1976). The oxygen consumption of the mountain white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha) in relation to air temperature. Condor 78, 569-570.
    • (1976) Condor , vol.78 , pp. 569-570
    • Maxwell, C.S.1    King, J.R.2
  • 40
    • 0010864275 scopus 로고
    • The annual cycle of white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttalli) in coastal California
    • Mewaldt, R. L. and King, J. R. (1977). The annual cycle of white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttalli) in coastal California. Condor 79, 445-455.
    • (1977) Condor , vol.79 , pp. 445-455
    • Mewaldt, R.L.1    King, J.R.2
  • 42
    • 0001586156 scopus 로고
    • Daily allocation of time and energy of western bluebirds feeding nestlings
    • Mock, P. J. (1991). Daily allocation of time and energy of western bluebirds feeding nestlings. Condor 93, 598-611.
    • (1991) Condor , vol.93 , pp. 598-611
    • Mock, P.J.1
  • 43
    • 0026591952 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive energetics and prey harvest of Leach's storm-petrels in the Northwest Atlantic
    • Montevecchi, W. A., Birt-Friesen, V. L. and Cairns, D. K. (1992). Reproductive energetics and prey harvest of Leach's storm-petrels in the Northwest Atlantic. Ecology 73, 823-832.
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 823-832
    • Montevecchi, W.A.1    Birt-Friesen, V.L.2    Cairns, D.K.3
  • 44
    • 0002086539 scopus 로고
    • Variation in daily energy expenditure in nesting northern wheatears (Oenanthe oeanthe)
    • Moreno, J. (1989). Variation in daily energy expenditure in nesting northern wheatears (Oenanthe oeanthe). Auk 106, 18-25.
    • (1989) Auk , vol.106 , pp. 18-25
    • Moreno, J.1
  • 45
    • 0028994930 scopus 로고
    • Differential response by males and females to brood manipulations in the pied flycatcher: Energy expenditure and nestling diet
    • Moreno, J., Cowie, R. J., Sanz, J. J. and Williams, R. S. R. (1995). Differential response by males and females to brood manipulations in the pied flycatcher: energy expenditure and nestling diet. J. Anim. Ecol. 64, 721-732.
    • (1995) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.64 , pp. 721-732
    • Moreno, J.1    Cowie, R.J.2    Sanz, J.J.3    Williams, R.S.R.4
  • 46
    • 0002641824 scopus 로고
    • Adaptive strategies of Zonotrichia breeding at high latitude or high altitude
    • ed. H. J. Frith and J. H. Calaby. Canberra: Australian Academy of Science
    • Morton, M. L. (1976). Adaptive strategies of Zonotrichia breeding at high latitude or high altitude. In Proceedings of the 16th International Ornithological Congress (Canberra) (ed. H. J. Frith and J. H. Calaby), pp. 322-336. Canberra: Australian Academy of Science.
    • (1976) Proceedings of the 16th International Ornithological Congress (Canberra) , pp. 322-336
    • Morton, M.L.1
  • 47
    • 0000907568 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of reproductive cycle to environmental conditions and energy stores in white-crowned sparrows at high altitude
    • Morton, M. L. (1977). Relationship of reproductive cycle to environmental conditions and energy stores in white-crowned sparrows at high altitude. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. 121, 377-382.
    • (1977) Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. , vol.121 , pp. 377-382
    • Morton, M.L.1
  • 48
    • 0036326701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mountain white-crowned sparrow: Migration and reproduction at high altitude
    • Morton, M. L. (2002). The mountain white-crowned sparrow: migration and reproduction at high altitude. Studies Avian Biol. 24, 1-273.
    • (2002) Studies Avian Biol. , vol.24 , pp. 1-273
    • Morton, M.L.1
  • 49
    • 0002072219 scopus 로고
    • Body weights and lipids of summering mountain white-crowned sparrows in California
    • Morton, M. L., Horstmann, J. and Carey, C. (1973). Body weights and lipids of summering mountain white-crowned sparrows in California. Auk 90, 83-93.
    • (1973) Auk , vol.90 , pp. 83-93
    • Morton, M.L.1    Horstmann, J.2    Carey, C.3
  • 50
    • 0000029406 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive cycle and nesting success of the mountain white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha) in the central Sierra Nevada
    • Morton, M. L., Horstmann, J. and Osborn, J. (1972a). Reproductive cycle and nesting success of the mountain white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha) in the central Sierra Nevada. Condor 74, 152-163.
    • (1972) Condor , vol.74 , pp. 152-163
    • Morton, M.L.1    Horstmann, J.2    Osborn, J.3
  • 51
    • 0000035520 scopus 로고
    • The biology of immature mountain white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha) on the breeding ground
    • Morton, M. L., Orejuela, J. and Budd, S. (1972b). The biology of immature mountain white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha) on the breeding ground. Condor 74, 423-430.
    • (1972) Condor , vol.74 , pp. 423-430
    • Morton, M.L.1    Orejuela, J.2    Budd, S.3
  • 52
    • 0001032496 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal and age-related changes in plasma testosterone levels in mountain white-crowned sparrows
    • Morton, M. L., Peterson, L. E., Burns, D. M. and Allan, N. (1990). Seasonal and age-related changes in plasma testosterone levels in mountain white-crowned sparrows. Condor 92, 166-173.
    • (1990) Condor , vol.92 , pp. 166-173
    • Morton, M.L.1    Peterson, L.E.2    Burns, D.M.3    Allan, N.4
  • 53
    • 0026301446 scopus 로고
    • Postfledging dispersal, habitat imprinting, and philopatry in a montane, migratory sparrow
    • Morton, M. L, Wakamatsu, W. M., Pereyra, M. E. and Morton, G. A. (1991). Postfledging dispersal, habitat imprinting, and philopatry in a montane, migratory sparrow. Ornis Scand. 22, 98-106.
    • (1991) Ornis Scand. , vol.22 , pp. 98-106
    • Morton, M.L.1    Wakamatsu, W.M.2    Pereyra, M.E.3    Morton, G.A.4
  • 54
    • 0002287631 scopus 로고
    • Annual variation of daily energy expenditure by the black-billed magpie: A study of thermal and behavioral energetics
    • Mugaas, J. N. and King, J. R. (1981). Annual variation of daily energy expenditure by the black-billed magpie: a study of thermal and behavioral energetics. Studies Avian Biol. 5, 1-78.
    • (1981) Studies Avian Biol. , vol.5 , pp. 1-78
    • Mugaas, J.N.1    King, J.R.2
  • 55
    • 0019017343 scopus 로고
    • 2 production in animals: Analysis of potential errors in the doubly labeled water method
    • 2 production in animals: Analysis of potential errors in the doubly labeled water method. Am. J. Physiol. 238, R466-R473.
    • (1980) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.238
    • Nagy, K.A.1
  • 56
    • 0004105394 scopus 로고
    • Publication No. 12-1417. Los Angeles: University of California
    • 18O) Method: A Guide to its Use. Publication No. 12-1417. Los Angeles: University of California.
    • (1983) 18O) Method: A Guide to its Use
    • Nagy, K.A.1
  • 57
    • 0019015493 scopus 로고
    • Water flux in animals: Analysis of potential errors in the tritiated water method
    • Nagy, K. A. and Costa, D. P. (1980). Water flux in animals: Analysis of potential errors in the tritiated water method. Am. J. Physiol. 238, R454-R465.
    • (1980) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.238
    • Nagy, K.A.1    Costa, D.P.2
  • 58
    • 0029472010 scopus 로고
    • Foraging radii and energetics of least auklets (Aethia pusilia) breeding on three Bering Sea islands
    • Obst, B. S., Russell, R. W., Hunt, G. L., Eppley, Z. A. and Harrison, N. M. (1995). Foraging radii and energetics of least auklets (Aethia pusilia) breeding on three Bering Sea islands. Physiol. Zool. 68, 647-672.
    • (1995) Physiol. Zool. , vol.68 , pp. 647-672
    • Obst, B.S.1    Russell, R.W.2    Hunt, G.L.3    Eppley, Z.A.4    Harrison, N.M.5
  • 59
    • 0000146287 scopus 로고
    • Thermoregulation and oxygen consumption during terrestrial locomotion by white-crowned sparrows Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii
    • Paladino, F. and King, J. R. (1984). Thermoregulation and oxygen consumption during terrestrial locomotion by white-crowned sparrows Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii. Physiol. Zool. 57, 226-236.
    • (1984) Physiol. Zool. , vol.57 , pp. 226-236
    • Paladino, F.1    King, J.R.2
  • 60
    • 0027975917 scopus 로고
    • Energy expenditure and water turnover of incubating ruddy turnstones: High costs under high arctic climatic conditions
    • Piersma, T. and Morrison, R. I. G. (1994). Energy expenditure and water turnover of incubating ruddy turnstones: high costs under high arctic climatic conditions. Auk 111, 366-376.
    • (1994) Auk , vol.111 , pp. 366-376
    • Piersma, T.1    Morrison, R.I.G.2
  • 61
    • 0000564306 scopus 로고
    • Daily energy expenditure and water-turnover rate of adult European starlings Sturnus vulgaris during the nesting cycle
    • Ricklefs, R. E. and Williams, J. B. (1984). Daily energy expenditure and water-turnover rate of adult European starlings Sturnus vulgaris during the nesting cycle. Auk 101, 707-716.
    • (1984) Auk , vol.101 , pp. 707-716
    • Ricklefs, R.E.1    Williams, J.B.2
  • 63
    • 0015556481 scopus 로고
    • Equipment for measuring low air velocity
    • Roer, P. and Kjölsvik, M. (1973). Equipment for measuring low air velocity. Agric. Meteorol. 12, 281-296.
    • (1973) Agric. Meteorol. , vol.12 , pp. 281-296
    • Roer, P.1    Kjölsvik, M.2
  • 64
    • 0033965638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Latitudinal variation in parental energy expenditure during brood rearing in the great tit
    • Sanz, J. J., Tinbergen, J. M., Moreno, J., Ordell, M. and Verhulst, S. (2000). Latitudinal variation in parental energy expenditure during brood rearing in the great tit. Oecologica 122, 149-154.
    • (2000) Oecologica , vol.122 , pp. 149-154
    • Sanz, J.J.1    Tinbergen, J.M.2    Moreno, J.3    Ordell, M.4    Verhulst, S.5
  • 66
    • 0000784991 scopus 로고
    • Heat regulation in some arctic and tropical birds and mammals
    • Scholander, P. F., Hock, R., Walters, V., Johnson, F. and Irving, L. (1950). Heat regulation in some arctic and tropical birds and mammals. Biol. Bull. 99, 237-258.
    • (1950) Biol. Bull. , vol.99 , pp. 237-258
    • Scholander, P.F.1    Hock, R.2    Walters, V.3    Johnson, F.4    Irving, L.5
  • 67
    • 84946350057 scopus 로고
    • Do tropical birds rear as many young as they can nourish?
    • Skutch, A. F. (1949). Do tropical birds rear as many young as they can nourish? Ibis 91, 430-455.
    • (1949) Ibis , vol.91 , pp. 430-455
    • Skutch, A.F.1
  • 69
    • 0000750353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual variation in renesting internals, daily energy expenditure and reproductive success in passerines
    • ed. N. J. Adams and R. H. Slotow. Johannesburg: Bird Life South Africa
    • nd International Ornithological Congress (ed. N. J. Adams and R. H. Slotow), pp. 401-411. Johannesburg: Bird Life South Africa.
    • (1999) nd International Ornithological Congress , pp. 401-411
    • Sullivan, K.A.1    Roper, J.J.2    Weathers, W.W.3
  • 70
    • 0025233161 scopus 로고
    • Energetic demands during brood rearing in the wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe
    • Tatner, P. (1990). Energetic demands during brood rearing in the wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe. Ibis 132, 423-435.
    • (1990) Ibis , vol.132 , pp. 423-435
    • Tatner, P.1
  • 71
    • 0027837387 scopus 로고
    • Interspecific variation in daily energy expenditure during avian incubation
    • Tatner, P. and Bryant, D. M. (1993). Interspecific variation in daily energy expenditure during avian incubation. J. Zool., Lond. 231, 215-232.
    • (1993) J. Zool., Lond. , vol.231 , pp. 215-232
    • Tatner, P.1    Bryant, D.M.2
  • 72
    • 0028162974 scopus 로고
    • Parental energy expenditure during brood rearing in the great tit (Parus major) in relation to body mass, temperature, food availability and clutch size
    • Tinbergen, J. M. and Dietz, M. W. (1994). Parental energy expenditure during brood rearing in the great tit (Parus major) in relation to body mass, temperature, food availability and clutch size. Funct. Ecol. 8, 563-572.
    • (1994) Funct. Ecol. , vol.8 , pp. 563-572
    • Tinbergen, J.M.1    Dietz, M.W.2
  • 73
    • 0034057042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A fixed energetic ceiling to parental effort in the great tit?
    • Tinbergen, J. M. and Verhulst, S. (2000). A fixed energetic ceiling to parental effort in the great tit? J. Anim. Ecol. 69, 323-334.
    • (2000) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.69 , pp. 323-334
    • Tinbergen, J.M.1    Verhulst, S.2
  • 74
    • 0022641545 scopus 로고
    • A simple technique for estimating operative environmental temperature
    • Walsberg, G. E. and Weathers, W. W. (1986). A simple technique for estimating operative environmental temperature. J. Therm. Biol. 11, 67-72.
    • (1986) J. Therm. Biol. , vol.11 , pp. 67-72
    • Walsberg, G.E.1    Weathers, W.W.2
  • 75
    • 0021534274 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of time-budget estimates of daily energy expenditure in birds
    • Weathers, W. W., Buttemer, W. A., Hayworth, A. M. and Nagy, K. A. (1984). An evaluation of time-budget estimates of daily energy expenditure in birds. Auk 101, 459-472.
    • (1984) Auk , vol.101 , pp. 459-472
    • Weathers, W.W.1    Buttemer, W.A.2    Hayworth, A.M.3    Nagy, K.A.4
  • 76
    • 0032865215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Winter and breeding-season energetics of non-migratory white-crowned sparrows
    • Weathers, W. W., Olson, C. R., Siegel, R. B. and Famula, T. R. (1999). Winter and breeding-season energetics of non-migratory white-crowned sparrows. Auk 116, 842-847.
    • (1999) Auk , vol.116 , pp. 842-847
    • Weathers, W.W.1    Olson, C.R.2    Siegel, R.B.3    Famula, T.R.4
  • 77
    • 0030481544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Field metabolic rate and water flux of nectarivorous honeyeaters
    • Weathers, W. W., Paton, D. C. and Seymour, R. S. (1996). Field metabolic rate and water flux of nectarivorous honeyeaters. Aust. J. Zool. 44, 445-460.
    • (1996) Aust. J. Zool. , vol.44 , pp. 445-460
    • Weathers, W.W.1    Paton, D.C.2    Seymour, R.S.3
  • 78
    • 0018905621 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic responses of Cassin's finches (Carpodacus cassinii) to temperature
    • Weathers, W. W., Shapiro, C. J. and Astheimer, L. B. (1980). Metabolic responses of Cassin's finches (Carpodacus cassinii) to temperature. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 65A, 235-238.
    • (1980) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.65 A , pp. 235-238
    • Weathers, W.W.1    Shapiro, C.J.2    Astheimer, L.B.3
  • 79
    • 0024921975 scopus 로고
    • Juvenile foraging proficiency, parental effort, and avian reproductive success
    • Weathers, W. W. and Sullivan, K. A. (1989). Juvenile foraging proficiency, parental effort, and avian reproductive success. Ecol. Monogr. 59, 223-246.
    • (1989) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.59 , pp. 223-246
    • Weathers, W.W.1    Sullivan, K.A.2
  • 80
    • 0024505581 scopus 로고
    • Validation of single-sample doubly labeled water method
    • Webster, M. D. and Weathers, W. W. (1989). Validation of single-sample doubly labeled water method. Am. J. Physiol. 256, R572-R576.
    • (1989) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.256
    • Webster, M.D.1    Weathers, W.W.2
  • 81
    • 0025523606 scopus 로고
    • Heat produced as a by-product of foraging activity contributes to avian thermoregulation
    • Webster, M. D. and Weathers, W. W. (1990). Heat produced as a by-product of foraging activity contributes to avian thermoregulation. Physiol. Zool. 63, 777-794.
    • (1990) Physiol. Zool. , vol.63 , pp. 777-794
    • Webster, M.D.1    Weathers, W.W.2
  • 82
    • 0033749555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal changes in energy and water use by verdins, Auriparus flaviceps
    • Webster, M. D. and Weathers, W. W. (2000). Seasonal changes in energy and water use by verdins, Auriparus flaviceps. J. Exp. Biol. 203, 3333-3344.
    • (2000) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.203 , pp. 3333-3344
    • Webster, M.D.1    Weathers, W.W.2
  • 83
    • 0021564443 scopus 로고
    • Energetics of free existence in swallows and martins (Hirundididae) during breeding: A comparative study using doubly labeled water
    • Westerterp, K. and Bryant, D. M. (1984). Energetics of free existence in swallows and martins (Hirundididae) during breeding: a comparative study using doubly labeled water. Oecologica 62, 376-381.
    • (1984) Oecologica , vol.62 , pp. 376-381
    • Westerterp, K.1    Bryant, D.M.2
  • 84
    • 0001026007 scopus 로고
    • Natural selection, the costs of reproduction and a refinement of Lack's principle
    • Williams, G. C. (1966). Natural selection, the costs of reproduction and a refinement of Lack's principle. Am. Nat. 100, 687-690.
    • (1966) Am. Nat. , vol.100 , pp. 687-690
    • Williams, G.C.1
  • 85
    • 0023528122 scopus 로고
    • Field metabolism and food consumption of savannah sparrows during the breeding season
    • Williams, J. B. (1987). Field metabolism and food consumption of savannah sparrows during the breeding season. Auk 104, 277-289.
    • (1987) Auk , vol.104 , pp. 277-289
    • Williams, J.B.1
  • 86
    • 0001376550 scopus 로고
    • Energetics of incubation in free-living orange-breasted sunbirds in South Africa
    • Williams, J. B. (1993). Energetics of incubation in free-living orange-breasted sunbirds in South Africa. Condor 95, 115-126.
    • (1993) Condor , vol.95 , pp. 115-126
    • Williams, J.B.1
  • 87
    • 0016492637 scopus 로고
    • Determination of oxygen-18 in water contained in biological samples by charged particle activation
    • Wood, R. A., Nagy, K. A., MacDonald, S., Wakakuwa, S. T., Beckman, R. J. and Kaaz, H. (1975). Determination of oxygen-18 in water contained in biological samples by charged particle activation. Anal. Chem. 47, 646-650.
    • (1975) Anal. Chem. , vol.47 , pp. 646-650
    • Wood, R.A.1    Nagy, K.A.2    MacDonald, S.3    Wakakuwa, S.T.4    Beckman, R.J.5    Kaaz, H.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.