Biotransformation of cyclizine in greyhounds. 2: N1-dealkylation and identification of some neutral and phenolic metabolites in canine urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Xenobiotica

Volumn 32, Issue 9, 2002, Pages 809-821

  Dumasia, M C ^a  

^a Horseracing Forensic Laboratory Ltd   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

4,4' DIHYDROXYBENZHYDROL; BENZHYDROL; BENZOPHENONE; CARBENE; CYCLIZINE; DIHYDROXYBENZHYDROL; DIPHENYLMETHANE; DRUG METABOLITE; ETHER DERIVATIVE; HYDROXYBENZHYDRYLMETHYLETHER; MONOHYDROXYBENZHYDROL; MONOHYDROXYBENZOPHENONE; MONOHYDROXYDIPHENYLMETHANE; SEPHADEX; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANION EXCHANGE; ARTICLE; BIOTRANSFORMATION; COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEALKYLATION; DEMETHYLATION; DOG; DRUG METABOLISM; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; MALE; MASS SPECTROMETRY; NONHUMAN; OXIDATION; SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION; URINALYSIS;

ANIMALS; CHROMATOGRAPHY, ION EXCHANGE; CYCLIZINE; DOGS; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS; HYDROLYSIS; MALE; MODELS, CHEMICAL; TIME FACTORS;

ANIMALIA; CANIS FAMILIARIS;

EID: 0036744915     PISSN: 00498254     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00498250210144794     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Axelson, M. and Sahlberg, B.-L., 1983, Group separation and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of conjugated steroids in plasma. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry, 18, 313-321.
2. Axelson, M., Sahlberg, B.-L. and Sjövall, J., 1981, Analysis of profiles of conjugated steroids in urine by ion-exchange separation and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography, 224, 355-370.
3. Axelson, M. and Sjövall, J., 1977, Analysis of unconjugated steroids in plasma by liquid-gel chromatography and glass capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry, 8, 683-692.
4. Cholwill, J. M., Wright, W., Hobbs, G. J. and Curran, J., 1999, Comparison of ondansetron and cyclizine for prevention of nausea and vomiting after day-case gynaecological laparoscopy. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 83, 611-614.
5. DeLoach, G. D., Leary, H. W. and Stocklinski, A. W., 1978, Identification of p-hydroxydiphenylmethane as a urinary and fecal metabolite of diphenylmethane in the rat. Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology, 22, 419-422.
6. Dumasia, M. C. and Houghton, E., 1991, Screening and confirmatory analysis of beta-agonists, beta-antagonists and their metabolites in horse urine by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Applications, 564, 503-513.
7. Dumasia, M. C., Grainger, L. and Houghton. E., 2002a, Detection and partial in vivo biotransformation of cyclizine in greyhounds. 1: identification and semi-quantitative analysis of some basic metabolites in canine urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Xenobiotica, 32, 795-807.
8. Dumasia, M. C., Houghton. E., Hyde, W., Greulich, D., Nelson T. and Peterson, J., 2002b, Detection of Fenspiride and identification of in vivo metabolites in horse body fluids by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: Administration, biotransformation and urinary excretion after a single oral dose. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications, 767, 131-144.
9. Dumasia, M. C., Houghton, E., Moss, M., Gower, D. B. and Marshall, D. E., 1989, Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric identification of some 3,16-dioxygenated steroids in the non-pregnant and in pregnant mare urine and placental tissues. Biochemical Society Transactions, 17, 148-150.
10. 3H-orphenadrine citrate in the rat, dog and rhesus monkey. Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie, 147, 213-230.
11. Glazko, A. J. and Dill, W. A., 1949, Biochemical studies on diphenhydramine (Benadryl). IV. Degradation of benadryl by tissue enzymes. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 179, 417-421.
12. Griffin, D. S. and Baselt, R. C., 1984, Blood and urine concentrations of cyclizine by nitrogen-phosphorus gas-liquid chromatography. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 8, 97-99.
13. Hespe, W., De roos, A. M. and Nauta, W. Th., 1965, Investigation into the metabolic fate of orphenadrine hydrochloride after oral administration to male rats. Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie, 156, 180-200.
14. Kageura, M., Kataoka, M., Hara, K. and Nagata, T., 1986, Changed compounds of hydroxyzine in a human urine. Forensic Science International, 32, 229-235.
15. Kariya, S., Isozaki, S., Natimatsu, S. and Suzuki, T., 1992, Oxidative metabolism of cinnarizine in rat liver microsomes. Biochemical Pharmacology, 44, 1471-1474.
16. Kariya, S., Isozaki, S., Uchino, K., Suzuki, T. and Natimatsu, S., 1996, Oxidative metabolism of flunarizine and cinnarizine by microsomes from B-lymphoblastoid cell lines expressing human cytochrome P-450 enzymes. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 19, 1511-1514.
17. Land, G., Dean, K. and Bye, A., 1981, Determination of cyclizine and norcyclizine in plasma and urine using gas-liquid chromatography with nitrogen selective detection. Journal of Chromatography, 222, 135-140.
18. Lavrijsen, K., Van Houdt, J., Van Dyck, D., Hendrickx, J., Bockx, M., Hurkmans, R., Meuldermans, W., LeJeune, L., Lauwers, W. and Heykants, J., 1992, Comparative metabolism of flunarizine in rats, dogs and man: an in vitro study with subcellular liver fractions and isolated Lepatocytes. Xenobiotica, 22, 815-836.
19. Meuldermans, W., Hendrickx, J., Hurkmans, R., Swysen, E., Woestenburghs, R., Lauwers, W. and Heykants, J., 1983, Excretion and metabolism of flunarizine in rats and dogs. Arzneimettelforschung, 33, 1142-1151.
20. Moore, C. M., 1990, Solid-phase cation exchange extraction of basic drugs from urine of racing greyhounds. Journal of the Forensic Science Society, 30, 123-129.
21. Nakagawa, Y., Susuki, T. and Tayama, S., 2000, Metabolism and toxicity of benzophenone in isolated rat hepatocytes and estrogenic activity of its metabolites in MC cells. Toxicology, 156, 27-36.
22. Narrod, S. A., Wilk, A. L. and King, C. T. G., 1965, Metabolism of meclizine in the rat. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 147, 380.
23. 14C]-prenylamine in man. Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, 4, 213-230.
24. Soudijn, W. and Van Wijnaarden, I., 1968, The metabolism and excretion of cinnarizine by rats. Life Sciences, 7, 231-238.
25. Stocklinski, A. W., 1981, Semi-quantitative profile of regioisomeric monohydroxydiphenylmethane metabolites in rat urine, faeces and bile. Xenobiotica, 11, 425-432.
26. Stocklinski, A. W., DeLoach, G. D. and Williams, H., 1979, Identification of benzhydrol as a urinary metabolite of diphenylmethane in the rat. Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology, 24, 397-422.
27. Stocklinski, A. W., Ware, O. B. and Oberst, T. J., 1980, Benzophenone metabolism. I. Isolation of p-hydroxybenzophenone from rat urine. Life Sciences, 26, 365-369.
28. Walder, A. D. and Aitkenhead, A. R., 1994, Anti-emetic efficacy of metoclopramide when induced in a patient-controlled analgesia infusion. Anaesthesia, 49, 804-806.
29. Walker, R. B. and Kanfer, I., 1995, Sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of cyclizine and its demethylated metabolite, norcyclizine in biological fluids using coulometric detection. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Applications, 672, 172-177.
30. Weinstein, S. E. and Stern, R. M., 1997, Comparison of marezine and dramamine in preventing symptoms of motion sickness. Aviation Space Environmental Medicine, 68, 890-894.