Acoustic reflection: Review and clinical applications for sleep-disordered breathing

Sleep and Breathing

Volumn 6, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 129-149

  Viviano, John S ^a  

^a SnoreSolutionscom   (Canada)

Author keywords

Acoustic reflection; Airway orthotic; Nasal patency; Obstructive sleep apnea; Palatal sugery; Pharyngeal patency

Indexed keywords

ACOUSTIC REFLECTION; AIRWAY DYNAMICS; BODY POSTURE; BREATHING DISORDER; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY; NOSE OBSTRUCTION; ORTHOSIS; PALATE; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; POSITIVE END EXPIRATORY PRESSURE; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REPRODUCIBILITY; REVIEW; RHINOMETRY; SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME; SNORING; UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT; WAKEFULNESS;

ACOUSTICS; HUMANS; MANOMETRY; ORAL SURGICAL PROCEDURES; PALATE, SOFT; PHARYNX; POSTURE; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; SLEEP APNEA SYNDROMES; SUPINE POSITION; WAKEFULNESS;

EID: 0036742999     PISSN: 15209512     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-34315     Document Type: Review

References (97)

1. Kapur V, Blough DK, Sandbolm RE, et al. The medical cost of undiagnosed sleep apnea. Sleep 1999;22:749-755
2. Young T, Evans L, Finn L, Palta M. Estimation of the clinically diagnosed proportion of sleep apnea syndrome in middle-aged men and women. Sleep 1997;9:705-706
3. Stoohs R, Guilleminault C, Dement W. Sleep apnea and hypertension in commercial truck drivers. Sleep 1993;16: S11-S14
4. Baumel MJ, Maislin G, Pack AI. Population and occupational screening of obstructive sleep apnea: are we there yet? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;155:9-14
5. Ulfberg J, Carter N, Edling C. Sleep-disordered breathing and occupational accidents. Scand J Work Environ Health 2000;26:237-242
6. Leger D. The cost of sleep-related accidents: a report for the National Commission on Sleep Disorders Research. Sleep 1994;17:84-93
7. Keenan SP, Anderson B, Wiggs B, Ryan CF, Fleetham JA. The predictive accuracy of home oximetry in patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep 1993;16:S133-S134
8. Smith SD. A three-dimensional airway assessment for the treatment of snoring and/or sleep apnea with jaw repositioning intraoral appliances. Cranio 1996;14:332-343
9. Wright S, Haight J, Zamel N, Hoffstein V. Changes in pharyngeal properties after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. Laryngoscope 1989;99:62-69
10. Isono S, Tanaka A, Sho Y, Konn A, Nishino T. Advancement of the mandible improves velopharyngeal airway patency. J Appl Physiol 1995;79:2132-2138
11. Schwab RJ, Gupta KB, Duong D, et al. Upper airway soft-tissue structural changes with dental appliances in apneics. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996;153(part 2):A719
12. Ryan CF, Love LL, Peat D, Fleetham JA, Lowe AA. Mandibular advancement oral appliance therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea: effect on awake caliber of the velopharynx. Thorax 1999;54:972-977
13. Ferguson KA, Ono T, Lowe AA, Al-Majed S, Love LI, Fleetham JA. A short-term controlled trial of an adjustable oral appliance for the treatment of mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea. Thorax 1997;52:362-368
14. Pancer J, Al-Faiti S, Al-Faiti M, Hoffstein V. Evaluation of variable mandibular advancement appliance for treatment of snoring and sleep apnea. Chest 1999;116;1511-1518
15. Loube D. Oral appliance treatment for obstructive sleep apnea. Clin Pulm Med 1998;5:124-128
16. Cohen R. Obstructive sleep apnea: oral appliance therapy and severity of condition. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Path Oral Rad Endodont 1998;95:388-392
17. Senior BA, Rosenthal L, Lumley A, Gerhardstein R, Day R. Efficacy of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in unselected patients with mild obstructive sleep apnea. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000;123:179-182
18. Loube D. Technologic advances in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Chest 1999;116: 1426-1433
19. Jackson AC, Butler JP, Millet EJ, Hopin FG, Dawson SV. Airway geometry by analysis of acoustic pulse response measurements. J Appl Physiol 1977;43:523-536
20. Fredberg JJ, Wohl MB, Glass GM, Dorkin HL. Airway area by acoustic reflections measured at the mouth. J Appl Physiol 1980;48:749-758
21. Marshall I, Marin NJ, Martin S, et al. Acoustic reflectometry for airway measurements in man: implementation and validation. Physiol Meas 1993;14:157-169
22. Scadding GK, Darby, Austin CE. Acoustic rhinometry compared with anterior rhinomanometry in the assessment of the response to nasal allergen challenge. Clin Otolaryngol 1994;19:451-454
23. Min YG, Jang YJ. Measurements of cross-sectional area of the nasal cavity by acoustic rhinometry and CT scanning. Laryngoscope 1995;105:757-759
24. Hilberg O, Jensen FT, Pedersen OF. Nasal airway geometry: comparison between acoustic reflections and magnetic resonance scanning. J Appl Physiol 1993;75:2811-2819
25. Brooks LJ, Castile RG, Glass GM, et al. Reproducibility and accuracy of airway areas by acoustic reflections. J Appl Physiol 1984;57:777-787
26. D'Urzo AD, Lawson V, Vassal K, et al. Airway area by acoustic response measurements and computerized tomography. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987;135:392-395
27. D'Urzo AD, Rubinstein I, Lawson V, et al. Comparison of glottal areas measured by acoustic reflections vs computerized tomography. J Appl Physiol 1989;64:367-370
28. Kamal I. Acoustic pharyngometry (objective assessment of the upper airway).The normal standard curve. Egypt J Otolaryngol 2000;17:105-115
29. Brooks LJ, Byard PJ, Fouke JM, Strohl K. Reproducibility of measurements of upper airway area by acoustic reflection. J Appl Physiol 1999;66:2901-2905
30. Corey JP, Gungor A, Nelson R, Liu X, Fredberg J. Normative standards for nasal cross-sectional areas by race as measured by acoustic rhinometry. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;119:389-393
31. Jan MA, Marshall I, Douglas NJ. Effect of posture on upper airway dimensions in normal human. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;149:145-148
32. Corey JP, Kemker BJ, Nelson R, Gungor A. Evaluation of the nasal cavity by acoustic rhinometry in normal and allergic subjects. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997;117:22-28
33. Shemen L, Hamburg R. Preoperative and postoperative nasal septal surgery assessment with acoustic rhinometry. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997;117:338-342
34. Lenders H, Pirsig W. Diagnostic value of acoustic rhinometry: patients with allergic and vasomotor rhinitis compared with normal controls. Rhinology 1990;28: 5-16
35. Hoffstein V, Fredberg JJ. The acoustic reflection technique for noninvasive assessment of upper airway area. Eur Respir J 1991;4:602-611
36. Eccovision Operators' Manuals: Acoustic Rhinometry, Acoustic Pharyngometry. Pembroke, MA: E. Benson Hood Laboratories; 2000
37. Gilain L, Coste A, Ricolfi F, et al. Nasal cavity geometry measured by acoustic rhinometry and computed tomography. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997;123: 401-405
38. Corey JP, Gungor A, Nelson R, Fredberg J, Lai V. A comparison of the nasal cross-sectional areas and volumes obtained with acoustic rhinometry and magnetic resonance imaging. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997;117:349-354
39. Rivlin J, Hoffstein V, Kalbfleisch J, et al. Upper airway morphology in patients with idiopathic OSA. Am Rev Respir Dis 1984;129:355-360
40. Katz I, Stradling J, Slutsky AS, Zamel N, Hoffistein V. Do patients with obstructive sleep apnea have thick necks? Am Rev Respir Dis 1990;141:1228-1231
41. Bradley TD, Brown IG, Grossman RF, et al. Pharyngeal size in snorers, nonsnorers, and patients with OSA. N Engl J Med 1986;315:1327-1331
42. Hoffstein V, Zamel N, Phillipson EA. Lung volume dependence of pharyngeal cross-section in patients with OSA. Am Rev Respir Dis 1994;130:175-178
43. Rubinstein I, Colapinto N, Rotstein LE, Brown IG, Hoffstein V. Improvement in upper airway function after weight loss in patients with OSA. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988;138:1192-1195
44. Loube D. Predictive value of pharyngometry-derived measurements for oral appliance treatment of OSAS. Seattle, WA: Sleep Disorders Center, Virginia Mason Medical Center; 2000
45. Brown IG, Bradley TD, Phillipson EA, Zamel N, Hoffstein V. Pharyngeal compliance in snoring subjects with and without obstructive sleep apnea. Am Rev Respir Dis 1985;132:211-215
46. Suratt PM, Mater RF, Wilhoit SC. Collapsibility of nasopharyngeal airway in obstructive sleep apnea. Am Rev Respir Dis 1985;132:967-971
47. Malhotra A, Pillar G, Fogel R, et al. Upper-airway collapsibility: measurements and sleep effects. Chest 2001; 120:156-161
48. Morrell MJ, Arabi Y, Zahn B, Badr S. Progressive retropalatal narrowing preceding obstructive apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998;158:1974-1981
49. De Vito A, Berrettini S, Carabelli A, et al. The importance of nasal resistance in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a study with positional rhinomanometry. Sleep Breath 2001;5:3-12
50. Martin S, Marshal I, Douglas N. The effect of posture on airway caliber with the sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome. Am J Crit Care Med 1995;152:721-724
51. Mezzanotte WM, Tangel DJ, White DP. Waking genioglossal electromyogram in sleep apnea patients versus normal controls. J Clin Invest 1992;89:1571-1579
52. Douglas NJ, Jan MA, Yildirim N, Warren PM, Drummond GB. Effect of posture and breathing route on genioglossal electromyogram activity in normal subjects and in patients with sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993;148:1341-1345
53. Schwab RJ. Upper airway imaging. Clin Chest Med 1998; 19:33-54
54. Ramfjord SP, Ash M. Anatomy and physiology of masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joints in occlusion. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 1971:4-23
55. Lofaso F, Coste A, D'ortho MR et al. Nasal obstruction as a risk factor for sleep apnoea syndrome. Eur Respir J 2000; 16:639-643
56. Lavie P, Fischel N, Zomer J, et al. The effects of partial and complete mechanical occlusion on sleep structure and breathing in sleep. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1983;95: 161-166
57. Lavie P, Gertner R, Zomer J, et al. Breathing disorders in sleep associated with "microarousals" in patients with allergic rhinitis. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1981;92:529
58. Zwillich CW, Pickett C, Hanson FN, et al. Disturbed sleep and prolonged apnea during nasal obstruction in normal men. Am Rev Respir Dis 1981;124:158-160
59. Olsen KD, Kern EB, Westbrook PR. Breathing and sleep disturbance secondary to nasal obstruction. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1981;89:904-910
60. Young T, Finn L, Kim H, and the University of Wisconsin Sleep and Respiratory Research Group. Nasal obstruction as a risk factor for sleep-disordered breathing. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997;99:S757-S762
61. Rubin AH, Eliaschar I, Joachim Z, et al. Effects of nasal surgery and tonsillectomy on sleep apnea. Bull Eur Pathophysiol Respir 1983;19:612-615
62. Loth S, Petruson B. Improved nasal breathing reduces snoring and morning tiredness. A 6-month follow-up study. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000;126;1168-1169
63. Miljeteig H, Savard P, Mateika S, et al. Snoring and nasal resistance during sleep. Laryngoscope 1993;103:918-923
64. Morrison DL, Launois SH, Isono S, et al. Pharyngeal narrowing and closing pressures in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993;148:606-611
65. Hudgel DW. Variable site of airway narrowing among obstructive sleep apnea patients. J Appl Physiol 1986;61: 1403-1409
66. Boudewyns A, Van de Heyning PH, De Backer WA. Site of upper airway obstruction in obstructive sleep apneoa and influence of sleep stage. Eur Respir J 1997;10:2566-2572
67. Henke KG, Frantz DE, Kuna ST. An oral elastic mandibular advancement device for obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;161:420-425
68. Katsantonis GP, Walsh JK. Somnofluoroscopy: its role in selection of candidates for UPPR Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1986;94:56-60
69. Launois SH, Feroah TR, Campbell WN, Whitelaw WA, Remmers JE. Site of obstruction in obstructive sleep apnea: influence on the outcome of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990;141:861
70. Boudewyns AN, De Backer WA, Van De Heyning PH. Pattern of upper airway obstruction during sleep before and after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Med 2001;2:309-315
71. Pepin JL, Ferretti G, Veale D, et al. Somnofluoroscopy, computed tomography, cephalometry in the assessment of the airway in obstructive sleep apnea. Thorax 1992;47:150-156
72. Sheppard J, Gefter W, Guilleminault C, et al. Evaluation of the upper airway in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep 1991;14:361-371
73. Remmers JE, de Groot WJ, Sauerland EK, Anch AM. Pathogenesis of upper airway occlusion during sleep. J Appl Physiol 1978;44:931-938
74. Horner RL. Motor control of the pharyngeal musculature and implications for the pathogenesis of OSA. Sleep 1996; 19:827-853
75. Stienhart H, Kuhn-Lohmann J, Gewalt K, et al. Upper airway collapsibility in habitual snorers and sleep apneics: evaluation with drug-induced sleep encloscopy. Acta Otolaryngol 2600;120:990-994
76. Issa FG, Sullivan CE. Upper airway closing pressures in snorers. J Appl Physiol 1984;57:528-535
77. Gold AR, Schwartz AR. The pharyngeal critical pressure. Chest 1996;110:1077-1088
78. Schwartz AR, Schubert N, Rothman W. Effect of UPPP on upper airway collapsibility in OSA. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992;145:527-532
79. Schwartz AR, Gold AR, Schubert N. Effect of weight loss on upper airway collapsibility in OSA. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991;144:494-498
80. Smith PL, Gold AR, Meyers DA, et al. Weight loss in moderately obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Ann Intern Med 1985;103:850-855
81. Brooks LJ, Strohl KP. Size and mechanical properties of the pharynx in healthy men and women. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992;146:1394-1397
82. Huang J, Shen H, Takahashi M, et al. Pharyngeal cross-sectional area and pharyngeal compliance in normal males and females. Respiration 1998;65:458-468
83. Mohsenin V. Gender differences in the expression of sleep-disordered breathing-role of upper airway dimensions. Chest 2001;120;1442-1447
84. Martin SE, Mathur R, Marshall I, Douglas NJ. The effect of age, obesity, and posture on upper airway, size. Eur Respir J 1997;10:2087-2090
85. Popovic RM, White DP. Upper airway muscle activity in normal women: influence of hormonal status. J Appl Physiol 1998;84:1055-1062
86. O'Connor C, Thornley KS, Hanly PJ. Gender differences in the polysomnographic features of obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;161: 1465-1472
87. Pillar G, Malhotra A, Fogel R, et al. Airway mechanics and ventilation in response to resistive loading during sleep-influence of gender. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;162: 1627-1632
88. Schwab RJ, Pack AI, Gupta KB, et al. Upper airway and soft-tissue structural changes induced by CPAP in normal subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996;154: 1106-1116
89. Schwab RJ, Gupta KB, Gefter WB, et al. Upper airway soft-tissue anatomy in normals and patients with sleep disordered breathing. Significance of the lateral pharyngeal walls. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;152:1673
90. Unno T. Acoustic rhinometry. In: Unno T, ed. Interpretation and Functional Recovery of Nasal Breathing Disorders. Tokyo, Japan: Bunkoutou Publ; 1979:57-70
91. Seaver EJ, Karnell MP, Gasparaitis A, Corey JP. Acoustic rhinometric measurements of changes in velar positioning. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 1995;32:49-54
92. Huang J, Itai N, Hoshiba T, et al. A new nasal acoustic reflection technique to estimate pharyngeal cross-sectional area during sleep. J Appl Physiol 2000;88:1457-1466
93. Rosen RC, Rosekind M, Rosevear C, Cole WE, Dement WC. Physician education in sleep and sleep disorders: a national survey of US medical schools. Sleep 1993;16:249-254
94. Hsu S, Kushida CA, Sherrill C. Acoustic pharyngometry and cervical position in obstructive sleep apnea patients. Sleep 1999;22:273
95. Frantz DE. The difference between success and failure. Sleep Rev 2001;Fall:20-23
96. L'Estrange PR, Battagel JM, Harkness B, et al. A method of studying adaptive changes of the oropharynx to variation in mandibular position in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. J Oral Rehab 1996;23:699-711
97. Marklund M, Sahlin C, Stenlund H, Persson M, Franklin KA. Mandibular advancement device in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: long-term effects on apnea and sleep. Chest. 2001;120:162-169