Current Density Threshold for the Stimulation of Neurons in the Motor Cortex Area

Bioelectromagnetics

Volumn 23, Issue 6, 2002, Pages 421-428

  Kowalski, T ^a   Silny, J ^a   Buchner, H ^b  

^a RWTH AACHEN UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL RWTH AACHEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Current density; Magnetic fields; Motor cortex; Stimulation

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN; DIAGNOSIS; FINITE ELEMENT METHOD; IONIZING RADIATION; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; RADIATION PROTECTION; SAFETY FACTOR;

CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS; CORTEX AREAS; ELECTROMAGNETIC STIMULATION; INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON NON-IONIZING RADIATION PROTECTION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; MEDICAL DATA; MOTOR-CORTEX; NERVE FIBERS; STIMULATION; TRANSCRANIAL;

THRESHOLD CURRENT DENSITY;

ARTICLE; BRAIN; BRAIN DEPTH STIMULATION; BRAIN VENTRICLE; CALCULATION; CELL STIMULATION; CURRENT DENSITY THRESHOLD; DOPPLER ECHOGRAPHY; ELECTRIC CURRENT; FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS; FREQUENCY MODULATION; HUMAN; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; IONIZING RADIATION; MAGNETIC STIMULATION; MOTOR CORTEX; NERVE CELL; NERVE FIBER TRANSPORT; PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIATION PROTECTION; SAFETY; SCALP; SKULL; STANDARD; THREE DIMENSIONAL IMAGING; AUDIOVISUAL EQUIPMENT; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE; ELECTROSTIMULATION; HEAD; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY;

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; ELECTRIC STIMULATION; HEAD; HUMANS; MODELS, ANATOMIC; MODELS, NEUROLOGICAL; MOTOR CORTEX; NEURONS; SAFETY;

EID: 0036727744     PISSN: 01978462     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/bem.10036     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Annions P, Tsagas N, Sandyk R, Derpapas K. 1991. Magnetic stimulation in the treatment of partial geizures. Int J Neurosci 60(3-4):141-171.
2. Barker A, Garnham C, Freeston I. 1991. Magnetic nerve stimulation: the effect of waveform of efficiency, determination of neural membrane time constants and the measurement of stimulator output. Ellectroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl 43:227-237.
3. Beric A. 1993. Transcranial electrical and magnetic stimulation. Adv Neurol 63:29-42.
4. Brunholzl C, Claus D. 1994. Central motor conduction time to upper and lower limbs in cervical cord lesions. Arch Neurol 51(3):245-249.
5. Burke D, Hicks R, Gandevia S, Stephen J, Woodforth I, Crawford M. 1993. Direct comparison of corticospinal volleys in human subjects to transcranial magnetic and electrical stimulation. J Physion (Lond) 476(3):383-393.
6. Calancie B, Harris W, Broton J, Alexeeva N, Green B. 1998. Threshold-level multipulse transcranial electrical stimulation of motor cortex for intraoperative monitoring of spinal motor tracts: description of method and comparison to somatosensory evoked potential monitoring. J Neurosurg 88(3):457-470.
7. Day B, Dressler D, Maertens de Noordhout A, Marsden C, Nakashima K, Rothwell J, Thompson P. 1989. Electric and magnetic stimulation of human motor cortex: surface EMG and single motor unit responses. J Physiol (Lond) 412:449-473.
8. Flament D, Goldsmith P, Buckley C, Lemon R. 1993. Task dependence of responses in first dorsal interosseous muscle to magnetic brain stimulation in man. J Physiol (Lond) 464:361-378.
9. Gabriel S, Lau R, Gabriel C. 1996. The dielectric properties of biological tissues. Phys Med Biol 41(11):2231-2293.
10. Geddes L, Baker L. 1967. The specific resistance of biological material - a compendium of data for the biomedical engineer and physiologist. Med Biol Eng 5(3):271-293.
11. Ho K, Lee M, Nithi K, Palace J, Mills K. 1999. Changes in motor evoked potentials to short-interval paired transcranial magnetic stimuli in multiple sclerosis. Clin Neurophysiol 110(4):712-719.
12. ICNIRP. 1998. Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields up to 300 GHz. International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. Health Phys 74(4):494-522.
13. Jones S, Harrison R, Koh K, Mendoza N, Crockard H. 1996. Motor evoked potential monitoring during spinal surgery: responses of distal limb muscles to transcranial cortical stimulation with pulse trains. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 100(5):375-383.
14. Krings T, Buchbinder B, Butler W, Chiappa K, Jiang H, Rosen B, Cosgrove G. 1997. Stereotactic transcranial magnetic stimulation: correlation with direct electrical cortical stimulation. Neurosurgery 41(6):1319-1325.
15. Kujirai T, Caramia M, Rothwell J, Day B, Thompson P, Ferbert A, Wroe S, Asselman P, Marsden C. 1993. Corticocortical inhibition in human motor cortex. J Physiol (Lond) 471: 501-519.
16. Maccabee P, Amassian V, Cracco R, Cadwell J. 1988. An analysis of peripheral motor nerve stimulation in humans using the magnetic coil. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 70(6): 524-533.
17. McNeal D. 1976. Analysis of a model for excitation of myelinated nerve. IEEE Transaction on Biomedical Engineering (4):329-337.
18. McRobbie D, Foster M. 1984. Thresholds for biological effects of time-varying magnetic fields. Clin Phys Physiol Meas 5(2):67-78.
19. Mills K, Boniface S, Schubert M. 1992. Magnetic brain stimulation with a double coil: the importance of coil orientation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 85(1): 17-21.
20. Mills K, Murray N, Hess C. 1987. Magnetic and electrical transcranial brain stimulation: physiological mechanisms and clinical applications. Neurosurgery 20(1):164-168.
21. Murray N. 1991. Magnetic stimulationof cortex: clinical applications. J Clin Neurophysiol 8(1):66-76.
22. Nakamura H, Kitagawa H, Kawaguchi Y, Tsuji H. 1996. Direct and indirect activation of human corticospinal neurons by transcranial magnetic and electrical stimulation. Neurosci Lett 210(1):45-48.
23. Nicholson P. 1965. Specific impedance of cerebral white matter. Erp Neurol 13(4):386-401.
24. Nielsen J, Petersen N, Ballegaard M. 1995. Latency of effects evoked by electrical and magnetic brain stimulation in lower limb motoneurones in man. J Physiol (Lond) 484(Pt 3):791-802.
25. Niewiadomska M, Wochnik-Dyjas D, Glazowski C. 1998. Cortical excitability threshold for distal limb muscles in transcranial magnetic stimulation. Method-normative values. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Warsz) 58(1):69-77.
26. Weiss G. 1901. Sur la possibilite de rendre comparables entre eux les appareils servant a l'excitation electrique. Arch Ital Biol 35:413-446.
27. Ying Z, Schmid U, Schmid J, Hess C. 1992. Motor and somatosensory evoked potentials in coma: analysis and relation to clinical status and outcome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 55(6):470-474.