Sensitive markers of inflammation make it possible to study the chronic process: The rise of interest in low levels of C-reactive protein

Vascular Pharmacology

Volumn 39, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 99-104

  Kluft, C ^a   De Maat, M P M ^a  

^a TNO   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

C reactive protein; Chronic; Inflammation

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ACUTE PHASE PROTEIN; ALCOHOL; ATORVASTATIN; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; CARDIOVASCULAR AGENT; CHOLESTEROL; COMPLEMENT; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; FIBRIC ACID DERIVATIVE; FIBRINOGEN; FLUINDOSTATIN; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; INTERCELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULE 1; INTERLEUKIN 6; MEVINOLIN; PHOSPHOLIPASE A2; PRAVASTATIN; PROTEIN SUBUNIT; SERUM AMYLOID A; SIMVASTATIN; TROGLITAZONE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CHRONIC INFLAMMATION; CONFERENCE PAPER; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE MARKER; DRUG EFFECT; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; PROTEIN DETERMINATION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; RISK ASSESSMENT; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS;

ANIMALS; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CHRONIC DISEASE; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION;

EID: 0036706280     PISSN: 15371891     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1537-1891(02)00293-8     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (66)

1. Abernethy T.J., Avery O.T. The occurrence during acute infections of a protein not normally present in the blood: I. Distribution of the reactive protein in patients' sera and the effect of calcium on the flocculation reaction with C polysaccharide of pneumococcus. J. Exp. Med. 73:1941;173-182.
2. Albert M.A., Danielson E., Rifai N., Ridker P.M. Effect of statin therapy on C-reactive protein levels: the pravastatin inflammation/CRP evaluation (PRINCE): a randomized trial and cohort study. JAMA. 286:2001;64-70.
3. Aljada A., Garg R., Ghanim H., Mohanty P., Hamouda W., Assian E., Dandona P. Nuclear factor-kappaB suppressive and inhibitor-kappaB stimulatory effects of troglitazone in obese patients with type 2 diabetes: evidence of an anti-inflammatory action? J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86:2001;3250-3256.
4. Biasucci, L.M., Liuzzo, G., Colizzi, C., Rizzello, V., this issue. Clinical use of c-reactive protein for the prognostic stratification of patients with ischaemic heart disease.
5. Bogaty P., Poirier P., Simard S., Boyer L., Solymoss S., Dagenais G.R. Biological profiles in subjects with recurrent acute coronary events compared with subjects with long-standing stable angina. Circulation. 103:2001;3062-3068.
6. Brussaard H.E., Gevers Leuven J.A., Krans H.M.J., Kluft C. The effect of 17β-oestradiol on variables of coagulation and fibrinolysis in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Vasc. Pharmacol. 39:2002;141-147. (this issue).
7. Carson S.D., Ross S.E. Effects of lipid-binding proteins apo A-I, apo A-IL, beta 2-glycoprotein I, and C-reactive protein on activation of factor X by tissue factor - factor VIIa. Thromb. Res. 50:1988;669-678.
8. Cermak J., Key N.S., Bach R.R., Balla J., Jacob H.S., Vercellotti G.M. C-reactive protein induces human peripheral blood monocytes to synthesize tissue factor. Blood. 82:1993;513-520.
9. Cortellaro M., Cofrancesco E., Boschetti C., Cortellaro F., Mancini M., Mariani M., Paoletti R. Effects of fluvastatin and bezafibrate combination on plasma fibrinogen, t-plasminogen activator inhibitor and C reactive protein levels in coronary artery disease patients with mixed hyperlipidaemia (FACT study). Fluvastatin Alone and in Combination Treatment. Thromb. Haemost. 83:2000;549-553.
10. Danesh J., Whincup P., Walker M., Lennon L., Thomson A., Appleby P., Gallimore J.R., Pepys M.B. Low grade inflammation and coronary heart disease: prospective study and updated meta-analyses. Br. Med. J. 321:2000;199-204.
11. de Maat M.P.M., Kluft C. Determinants of C-reactive protein concentration in blood. Ital. Heart J. 2:2001;189-195.
12. de Maat M.P., de Bart A.C., Hennis B.C., Meijer P., Havelaar A.C., Mulder P.G.et al. Interindividual and intraindividual variability in plasma fibrinogen, TPA antigen, PAI activity, and CRP in healthy, young volunteers and patients with angina pectoris. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 16:1996;1156-1162.
13. De Maat M.P.M., Haverkate F., Kluft C., Relationship between CRP and clinical course of unstable angina depends on assay method Vasc. Pharmacol. 39:2002;113-115. (This issue).
14. Diaz-Padilla, N., Bleeker, W.K., Hack, C.E., this issue. Rat C-reactive protein can activate the complement system.
15. Gabay C., Kushner I. Mechanisms of disease: acute-phase proteins and other systemic responses to inflammation. N. Engl. J. Med. 340:1999;448-454.
16. Griselli M., Herbert J., Hutchinson W.L., Taylor K.M., Sohail M., Krausz T.et al. C-reactive protein and complement are important mediators of tissue damage in acute myocardial infarction. J. Exp. Med. 190:1999;1733-1740.
17. Hack, C.E., Nijmeijer, R., Lagrand, W.K., Hermens, W.T., Bruins, P., Niessen, H.W.M., this issue. CRP-mediated activation of complement in acute myocardial infarction: a novel target for therapy?
18. Haverkate F. Levels of haemostatic factors, arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Vasc. Pharmacol. 39:2002;109-112. (this issue).
19. Hoekstra, T., Geleijnse, J.M., Schouten, E.G., Kluft, C., this issue. Smoking and CRP: results of the Arnhem Elderly Study.
20. Hulthe J., Wikstrand J., Fagerberg B. Relationship between C-reactive protein and intima-media thickness in the carotid and femoral arteries and to antibodies against oxidized low-density lipoprotein in healthy men: the Atherosclerosis and Insulin Resistance (AIR) study. Clin. Sci. (Lond.). 100:2001;371-378.
21. Hunt M.E., O'Malley P.G., Vernalis M.N., Feuerstein I.M., Taylor A.J. C-reactive protein is not associated with the presence or extent of calcified subclinical atherosclerosis. Am. Heart J. 141:2001;206-210.
22. Ikonomidis I., Andreotti F., Economou E., Stefanadis C., Toutouzas P., Nihoyannopoulos P. Increased proinflammatory cytokines in patients with chronic stable angina and their reduction by aspirin. Circulation. 100:1999;793-798.
23. Imhof, A., Fröhlich, M., Löwel Boeing, H., Brenner, H., Pepys, M.B., Koenig, W., this issue. C-reactive protein and social status.
24. Jialal I., Stein D., Balis D., Grundy S.M., Adams-Huet B., Devaraj S. Effect of hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitor therapy on high sensitivity C-reactive protein levels. Circulation. 103:2001;1933-1935.
25. Katritsis D., Korovesis S., Giazitzoglou E., Parissis J., Kalivas P., Webb-Peploe M.M., Ioannidis J.P., Haliassos A. C-reactive protein concentrations and angiographic characteristics of coronary lesions. Clin. Chem. 47:2001;882-886.
26. Kilpatrick J.M., Volanakis J.E. Molecular genetics, structure, and function of C-reactive protein. Immunol. Res. 10:1991;43-53.
27. Kluft C. Is C-reactive protein an additional, surrogate end-point for statin treatment? Eur. Heart J. 23:2002;761-764.
28. Kluft C., de Maat M.P.M. Determination of the habitual low blood level of C-reactive protein in individuals. Ital. Heart J. 2:2001;172-180.
29. Kluft C., de Maat M.P., Gevers Leuven J.A., Potter van Loon B.J., Mohrschladt M.F. Statins and C-reactive protein. Lancet. 353:1999;1274.
30. Kluft C., Gevers Leuven J.A., Helmerhorst F.M., Krans H.M.J. Pro-inflammatory effects of oestrogens during use of oral contraceptives and hormone replacement treatment. Vasc. Pharmacol. 39:2002;149-154. this issue.
31. Koenig, W., this issue. C-reactive protein: risk assessment in the primary prevention of atherosclerotic disease. Has the time come for including it in the risk profile?
32. Kugiyama K., Ota Y., Takazoe K., Moriyama Y., Kawano H., Miyao Y., Sakamoto T., Soejima H., Ogawa H., Doi H., Sugiyama S., Yasue H. Circulating levels of secretory type II phospholipase A(2) predict coronary events in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 100:1999;1280-1284.
33. Lagrand W.K., Niessen H.W., Wolbink G.J., Jaspars L.H., Visser C.A., Verheugt F.W.et al. C-reactive protein colocalizes with complement in human hearts during acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 95:1997;97-103.
34. Lagrand W.K., Visser C.A., Hermens W.T., Niessen H.W.M., Verheugt F.W.A., Wolbink G.J., Hack C.E. C-reactive protein as a cardiovascular risk factor - more than an epiphenomenon? Circulation. 100:1999;96-102.
35. Liuzzo, G., this issue. Genetic determinants of CRP levels in ischaemic heart disease.
36. Liuzzo G., Buffon A., Biasucci L.M., Gallimore J.R., Caligiuri G., Vitelli A., Altamura S., Ciliberto G., Rebuzzi A.G., Crea F., Pepys M.B., Maseri A. Enhanced inflammatory response to coronary angioplasty in patients with severe unstable angina. Circulation. 98:1998;2370-2376.
37. Malik J., Melenovsky V., Wichterle D., Haas T., Simek J., Ceska R., Hradec J. Both fenofibrate and atorvastatin improve vascular reactivity in combined hyperlipidaemia (fenofibrate versus atorvastatin trial - FAT). Cardiovasc. Res. 52:2001;290-298.
38. Maseri A. C-reactive protein in cardiovascular risk prediction. Zooming in and zooming out. Ital. Heart J. 2:2001;155-156.
39. Moukarbel G.V., Arnaout M.S., Alam S.E. C-reactive protein is a marker for a complex culprit lesion anatomy in unstable angina. Clin. Cardiol. 24:2001;506-510.
40. Pepys, M.B., Hirschfield, G.M., this issue. C-reactive protein and atherothrombosis.
41. Redberg R.F., Rifai N., Gee L., Ridker P.M. Lack of association of C-reactive protein and coronary calcium by electron beam computed tomography in postmenopausal women: implications for coronary artery disease screening. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 36:2000;39-43.
42. Ricos C., Cava A.F., Garcia-Lario J.V., Hernandez A., Jimenez C.V., Minchinela J., Perich C., Simon M. Current databases on biological variation: pros, cons and progress. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 59:1999;491-500.
43. Ridker P.M., Hennekens C.H., Roitman-Johnson B., Stampfer M.J., Allen J. Plasma concentration of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and risks of future myocardial infarction in apparently healthy men. Lancet. 351:1998;88-92.
44. Ridker P.M., Rifai N., Pfeffer M.A., Sacks F., Braunwald E. Long-term effects of pravastatin on plasma concentration of C-reactive protein. The Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) Investigators. Circulation. 100:1999;230-235.
45. Ridker P.M., Rifai N., Stampfer M.J., Hennekens C.H. Plasma concentration of interleukin-6 and the risk of future myocardial infarction among apparently healthy men. Circulation. 101:2000;1767-1772.
46. Ridker P.M., Rifai N., Pfeffer M., Sacks F., Lepage S., Braunwald E. Elevation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and increased risk of recurrent coronary events after myocardial infarction. Circulation. 101:2000;2149-2153.
47. Ridker P.M., Rifai N., Clearfield M., Downs J.R., Weis S.E., Miles J.S., Gotto A.M. Jr. Measurement of C-reactive protein for the targeting of statin therapy in the primary prevention of acute coronary events. N. Engl. J. Med. 344:2001;1959-1965.
48. Rist, C., this issue. C-reactive protein in the arterial intima: role of CRP-receptor dependent recruitment of monocytes in atherogenesis.
49. Sierksma A., Van der Gaag M.S., Kluft C., Hendriks H.J.F. Effect of moderate alcohol consumption on fibrinogen levels in healthy volunteers is discordant with effects on C-reactive protein. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 936:2001;630-633.
50. Spector T.D., Hart D.J., Nandra D.et al. Low-level increases in serum C-reactive protein are present in early osteoarthritis of the knee and predict progressive disease. Arthritis Rheum. 40:1997;723-727.
51. Stefanadis C., Diamantopoulos L., Dernellis J.et al. Heat production of atherosclerotic plaques and inflammation assessed by the acute phase proteins in acute coronary syndromes. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 32:2000;43-52.
52. Stenvinkel P., Andersson P., Wang T., Lindholm B., Bergstrom J., Palmblad J., Heimburger O., Cederholm T. Do ACE-inhibitors suppress tumour necrosis factor-alpha production in advanced chronic renal failure? J. Intern. Med. 246:1999;503-507.
53. Strandberg T.E., Vanhanen H., Tikkanen M.J. Effect of statins on C-reactive protein in patients with coronary artery disease. Lancet. 353:1999;118-119.
54. Strandberg T.E., Vanhanen H., Tikkanen M.J. Associations between change in C-reactive protein and serum lipids during statin treatment. Ann. Med. 32:2001;579-583.
55. Szalai A.J. The biological functions of C-reactive protein. Vasc. Pharmacol. 39:2002;105-107. (This issue).
56. Tilg H., Vannier E., Vachino G., Dinarello C.A., Mier J.W. Antiinflammatory properties of hepatic acute phase proteins: preferential induction of interleukin 1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist over IL-1 beta synthesis by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J. Exp. Med. 178:1993;1629-1636.
57. Tillett W.S., Francis T. Jr. Serological reactions in pneumonia with a nonprotein somatic fraction of pneumococcus. J. Exp. Med. 52:1930;561-585.
58. Torzewski, J., this issue. CRP: evidence for an active role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
59. Torzewski M., Rist C., Mortensen R.F., Zwaka T.P., Bienek M., Waltenberger J.et al. C-reactive protein in the arterial intima: role of C-reactive protein receptor-dependent monocyte recruitment in atherogenesis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 20:2000;2094-2099.
60. van der Beek, M.T., Visser, L.G., de Maat, M.P.M., this issue. Response to stimulation of the inflammatory system by means of yellow fever vaccination.
61. van de Ree M.A., Huisman M.V., Princen H.M.G., Meinders A.E., Kluft C. Dose dependent effects of atorvastatin on C-reactive protein in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Atherosclerosis. 2:2001;79.
62. van de Ree, M.A., Huisman, M.V., Princen, H.M.G., Meinders, A.E., Kluft, S., this issue. Dose-dependent lowering of hs-CRP with statin therapy.
63. Verma S., Li S.H., Badiwala M.V., Weisel R.D., Fedak P.W., Li R.K., Dhillon B., Mickle D.A. Endothelin antagonism and interleukin-6 inhibition attenuate the proatherogenic effects of C-reactive protein. Circulation. 105:2002;1890-1896.
64. Virchow R. Thrombose und Embolie. Gesammelte Abhandelungen zur wissenschaftlichen Medizin. 1856;219-263 Verlag Max Hirsch, Berlin.
65. Zwaka T.P., Hombach V., Torzewski J. C-reactive protein-mediated low density lipoprotein uptake by macrophages: implications for atherosclerosis. Circulation. 103:2001;1194-1197.
66. Zwaka, T.P., Hombach, V., Torzewski, J., this issue. C-reactive protein-mediated low density lipoprotein uptake by macrophages: implications for atherosclerosis.