Impacts of climate change on critical loads and their exceedances in Europe

Environmental Science and Policy

Volumn 5, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 307-317

  Posch, Maximilian ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Acidity; Air pollution; Climate change; Critical load; Deposition; Europe; Nitrogen; Sulfur

Indexed keywords

NITROGEN; SULFUR;

ACIDITY; AIR POLLUTION; ARTICLE; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; CLIMATE CHANGE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DATA BASE; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT; EUROPE; FOREST; GEOGRAPHY; HIGH TEMPERATURE; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; NUTRIENT; PRECIPITATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SOIL ANALYSIS;

EID: 0036697817     PISSN: 14629011     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1462-9011(02)00034-5     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Alcamo, J., Leemans, R., Kreileman, E. (Eds.), 1998. Global Change Scenarios of the 21st Century-Results from the IMAGE 2.1 Model. Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK, 296 pp.
2. Alcamo, J., Mayerhofer, P., Guardans, R., van Harmelen, T., van Minnen, J., Onigkeit, J., Posch, M., de Vries, H.J.M., 2002. An integrated assessment of regional air pollution and climate change in Europe: findings of the AIR-CLIM Project. Environ. Sci. Pol. (this issue).
3. Barrett, K., Berge, E. (Eds.), 1996. Transboundary Air Pollution in Europe. EMEP/MSC-W Report 1/1996. Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway.
4. Berendse, F., Beltman, B., Bobbink, R., Kwant, M., Schmitz, M.B., 1987. Primary production and nutrient availability in wet heathland ecosystems. Acta Oec., Oecol. Plant. 8, 265-276.
5. Bobbink, R., Hornung, M., Roelofs, J.G.M., 1998. The effects of air-borne pollutants on species diversity in natural and semi-natural European vegetation. J. Ecol. 86, 717-738.
6. De Vries, W., Reinds, G.J., Posch, M., Kämäri, J., 1994. Simulation of soil response to acidic deposition scenarios in Europe. Water, Air Soil Pollut. 78, 215-246.
7. De Vries, W., Reinds, G.J., Van Dobben, H., De Zwart, D., Posch, M., Voogd, J.C.H., Auee, J., Vel, E.M., 2002. Intensive Monitoring of Forest Ecosystems in Europe. Technical Report 2002. UN ECE and EC, Geneva and Brussels, Forest Intensive Monitoring Coordinating Institute, 146 pp.
8. European Commission, 1999. Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on National Emission Ceilings for Certain Atmospheric Pollutants. Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council relating to ozone in ambient air. COM(1999) 125 final, Brussels, Belgium.
9. Eurosoil, 1999. Metadata: Soil Geographical Database of Europe, version 3.2.8.0. Eurosoil, Ispra, Italy.
10. FAO, 1981. FAO-UNESCO Soil Map of the World, 1:5,000,000. Vol. 5, UNESCO, Paris, 199 pp.
11. Gorham, E., Martin, F.B., Litzau, J.T., 1984. Acid rain: ionic correlations in the eastern US (1980-1981). Science 225, 407-409.
12. Haxeltine, A., Prentice, C., 1996. BIOME3: an equilibrium terrestrial biosphere model based on ecophysiological constraints, resource availability, and competition among plant functional types. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 10, 693-709.
13. Hjellbrekke, A.G., Schaug, J., Hanssen, J.E., Skjelmoen, J.E., 1997. Data Report 1995. Part 1: Annual Summaries. NILU CCC Report 4/97. Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway.
14. Leemans, R., Van den Born, G.J., 1994. Determining the potential distribution of vegetation, crops and agricultural productivity. Water, Air Soil Pollut. 76, 133-161.
15. Mayerhofer, P., De Vries, B., Den Elzen, M., Van Vuuren, D., Onigkeit, J., Posch, M., Guardans, R., 2002. Integrated scenarios of emissions, climate change and regional air pollution in Europe. Environ. Sci. Pol. (this issue).
16. Mücher, S., Steinnocher, K., Champeaux, J.-L., Griguolo, S., Wester, K., Heunks, C., Van Katwijk, V., 2000. Establishment of a 1-km pan-European land cover database for environmental monitoring. Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens., Vol. 33(Part B4), Amsterdam, pp. 702-709.
17. Nakicenovic, N., Alcamo, J., Davis, G., De Vries, B., Fenhann, J., Gaffin, S., Gregory, K., Grübler, A., et al., 2000. Special Report on Emission Scenarios: A Special Report of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 599 pp.
18. Nilsson, J., Grennfelt, P. (eds.), 1988. Critical Loads for Sulphur and Nitrogen. Nord 1988:97, Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen, Denmark, 418 pp.
19. Posch, M., Hettelingh, J.-P., Alcamo, J., Krol, M., 1996. Integrated scenarios of acidification and climate change in Asia and Europe. Global Environ. Change 6, 375-395.
20. Posch, M., De Vries, W., 1999. Derivation of critical loads by steady-state and dynamic soil models. In: Langan, S.J. (Ed.), The Impact of Nitrogen Deposition on Natural and Semi-Natural Ecosystems. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 213-234.
21. Posch, M., De Smet, P.A.M., Hettelingh, J.-P., Downing, R.J. (Eds.), 1999. Calculation and Mapping of Critical Thresholds in Europe. Status Report 1999, RIVM Report no. 259101009, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands, iv 165 pp.
22. Reinds, G.J., Posch, M., De Vries, W., 2001. A semi-empirical dynamic soil acidification model for use in spatially explicit integrated assessment models for Europe. Alterra Report 084, Alterra, Green World Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 55 pp.
23. Sverdrup, H., Warfvinge, P., 1993. The effect of soil acidification on the growth of trees, grass and herbs as expressed by the (Ca + Mg + K)/A1 ratio. Reports in Ecology and Environmental Engineering 2, Department of Chemical Engineering II, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, 177 pp.
24. Syri, S., Suutari, R., Posch, M., 2000. From emissions in Europe to critical load exceedances in Finland-uncertainty analysis of acidification integrated assessment. Environ. Sci. Pol. 3, 263-276.
25. UBA, 1996. Manual on methodologies and criteria for mapping critical levels/loads and geographical areas where they are exceeded. Texte 71/96, Umweltbundesamt, Berlin, Germany, 144 lxxiv pp.
26. UNECE, 1999. Protocol to the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone. United Nations, Economic Commission for Europe, New York, Geneva.
27. Van Dam, D., 1990. Atmospheric deposition and nutrient cycling in chalk grassland. PhD thesis, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 119 pp.
28. Van Minnen, J.G., Onigkeit, J., Alcamo, J., 2002. Critical climate change as an approach to assess climate change impacts in Europe: development and application. Environ. Sci. Pol. (this issue).