Self-collected breath sampling for monitoring low-level benzene exposures among automobile mechanics

Annals of Occupational Hygiene

Volumn 46, Issue 5, 2002, Pages 489-500

  Egeghy, Peter P ^a   Nylander French, Leena ^a   Gwin, Kristin K ^a   Hertz Picciotto, Irva ^a   Rappaport, Stephen M ^a  

^a USA   (United States)

Author keywords

Automobile mechanics; Benzene; Biological monitoring; Breath analysis; Exhaled air; Gasoline; Mixed models; Self monitoring

Indexed keywords

BENZENE; GASOLINE;

ARTICLE; BREATH ANALYSIS; CAR; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; SMOKING; AIR MONITORING; BIOLOGICAL MONITORING; EXHAUST GAS; INDUSTRIAL WORKER; LEUKEMIA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MOTOR VEHICLE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SAMPLING; STATISTICAL MODEL;

AUTOMOBILES; BENZENE; BREATH TESTS; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; SMOKING;

HEALTH RISKS; OCCUPATIONAL RISKS; SAMPLING; SMOKE; AUTOMOBILES; EXHAUST SYSTEMS (ENGINE); GASOLINE; GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACES; MECHANICS; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; REPAIR;

BREATH SAMPLING;

BENZENE;

AUTOMOBILE MECHANICS; BIOLOGICAL MONITORING; BREATH ANALYSIS; EXHALED AIRS; MIXED MODELS; SELF-MONITORING;

EID: 0036634239     PISSN: 00034878     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mef057     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Austin H, Delzell E, Cole P. (1988) Benzene and leukemia: a review of the literature and a risk assessment. Am J Epidemiol; 127: 419-39.
2. BjoÌrkqvist S, Spetz A, RamnaÌs O, Petersson G. (1997) Isoprene from expired air inside a private car. Sci Total Environ; 207: 63-7.
3. Bland JM, Altman DG. (1995) Comparing two methods of clinical measurement: a personal history. Int J Epidemiol; 24 (suppl. 1): S7-14.
4. Brown RH. (1999) Environmental use of diffusive samplers: evaluation of reliable diffusive uptake rates for benzene, toluene and xylene. J Environ Monit; 1: 115-6.
5. Brugnone F, Perbellini L, Faccini GB et al. (1989) Benzene in the blood and breath of normal people and occupationally exposed workers. Am J Ind Med; 16: 385-99.
6. Dor F, Dab W, Empereur-Bissonnet P, Zmirou D. (1999) Validity of biomarkers in environmental health studies: the case of PAHs and benzene. Crit Rev Toxicol; 29: 129-68.
7. Droz PO, Guillemin MP. (1986) Occupational exposure monitoring using breath analysis. J Occup Med; 28: 593-602.
8. Drummond L, Luck R, Afacan AS, Wilson HK. (1988) Biological monitoring of workers exposed to benzene in the coke oven industry. Br J Ind Med; 45: 256-61.
9. Egeghy PP, Tornero-Velez R, Rappaport SM. (2000) Environmental and biological monitoring of benzene during selfservice automobile refueling. Environ Health Perspect; 108: 1195-202.
10. Fiserova-Bergerova V, Lowry LK, Rosenberg J. (1989) Biological monitoring II. Measurements in exhaled air. Appl Ind Hyg; 4: F10-3.
11. Fustinoni S, Giampiccolo R, Pulvirenti S, Buratti M, Colombi A. (1999) Headspace solid-phase microextraction for the determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes in urine. J Chromatogr; 723B: 105-15.
12. Ghittori S, Maestri L, Fiorentino ML, Imbriani M. (1995) Evaluation of occupational exposure to benzene by urinalysis. Int Arch Occup Environ Health; 67: 195-200.
13. Hansen ES. (1989) Mortality of auto mechanics. A ten-year follow-up. Scand J Work Environ Health; 15: 43-6.
14. Hornung RW, Reed LD. (1990) Estimation of average concentration in the presence of nondetectable values. Appl Occup Environ Hyg; 5: 46-51.
15. Hotz P, Lauwerys RR. (1997) Hematopoietic and lymphatic malignancies in vehicle mechanics. Crit Rev Toxicol; 27: 443-94.
16. Hotz P, Carbonnelle P, Haufroid V et al. (1997) Biological monitoring of vehicle mechanics and other workers exposed to low concentrations of benzene. Int Arch Occup Environ Health; 70: 29-40.
17. Hunting KL, Longbottom H, Kalavar SS, Stern F, Schwartz E, Welch LS. (1995) Haematopoietic cancer mortality among vehicle mechanics. Occup Environ Med; 52: 673-8.
18. Infante PF, Rinsky RA, Wagoner JK, Young RJ. (1977) Leukaemia in benzene workers. Lancet; 2: 76-8.
19. International Agency for Research on Cancer. (1982) IARC monographs on the evaluation of carconogenic risks to humans, Vol. 29, Some industrial chemicals and dyestuffs. Lyon: IARC. pp. 95-148.
20. Javelaud B, Vian L, Molle R et al. (1998) Benzene exposure in car mechanics and road tanker drivers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health; 71: 277-83.
21. Kivisto H, Pekari K, Peltonen K et al. (1997) Biological monitoring of exposure to benzene in the production of benzene and in a cokery. Sci Total Environ; 199: 49-63.
22. Lagorio S, Iavarone I, Iacovella N et al. (1997) Variability of benzene exposure among filling station attendants. Occup Hyg; 4: 15-30.
23. Laitinen J, Kangas J, Pekari K, Liesivouri J. (1994) Short time exposure to benzene and gasoline at garages. Chemosphere; 28: 197-205.
24. Lee J, Koh K Ong CN. (1989) Statistical evaluation of agreement between two methods for measuring a quantitative variable. Comput Biol Med; 19: 61-70.
25. Liljelind IE, StroÌmbaÌck AE, JaÌrvholm BG, Levin JO, Brangert BL, Sunesson AK. (2000) Self-assessment of exposure - a pilot study of assessment of exposure to benzene in tank truck drivers. Appl Occup Environ Hyg; 15: 195-202.
26. Liljelind IE, Rappaport SM, Levin JO, StroÌmbaÌck AE, Sunesson AK, JaÌrvholm BG. (2001) Comparison of self and expert assessment of occupational exposure to chemicals. Scand J Work Environ Health; 27: 311-7.
27. Loomis DP, Savitz DA. (1991) Occupation and leukemia mortality among men in 16 states: 1985-1987. Am J Ind Med; 19: 509-21.
28. Loomis DP, Kromhout H, Peipins LA. (1994) Sampling design and field methods of a large, randomized, multisite survey of occupational magnetic field exposure. Appl Occup Environ Hyg; 9: 49-52.
29. Mannino DM, Schreiber J, Aldous K, Ashley D, Moolenaar R, Almaguer D. (1995) Human exposure to volatile organic compounds: a comparison of organic vapor monitoring badge levels with blood levels. Int Arch Occup Environ Health; 67: 59-64.
30. Medeiros AM, Bird MG, Witz G. (1997) Potential biomarkers of benzene exposure. J Toxicol Environ Health; 51: 519-39.
31. Menkes DB, Fawcett JP. (1997) Commentary: Too easily lead? Health effects of gasoline additives. Environ Health Perspect; 105: 270-3.
32. Moolenaar RL, Hefflin BJ, Ashley DL, Middaugh JP, Etzel RA. (1997) Blood benzene concentrations in workers exposed to oxygenated fuel in Fairbanks, Alaska. Int Arch Occup Environ Health; 69: 139-43.
33. Nordlinder R, RamnaÌs O. (1987) Exposure to benzene at different workplaces in Sweden. Ann Occup Hyg; 31: 345-55.
34. Ong CN, Lee BL. (1994) Determination of benzene and its metabolites: application in biological monitoring of environmental and occupational exposure to benzene. J Chromatogr; 660B: 1-22.
35. Ong CN, Kok PW, Ong HY et al. (1996) Biomarkers of exposure to low concentrations of benzene: a field assessment. Occup Environ Med; 53: 328-33.
36. Perbellini L, Faccini GB, Pasini F et al. (1988) Environmental and occupational exposure to benzene by analysis of breath and blood. Br J Ind Med; 45: 345-52.
37. Periago JF, Prado C, Ibarra I. (1993) Application of thermal desorption to the biological monitoring of organic compounds in exhaled breath. J Chromatogr; 657A: 147-53.
38. Petreas MX, Woodlee J, Becker CE, Rappaport SM. (1995) Retention of styrene following controlled exposure to constant and fluctuating air concentrations. Int Arch Occup Environ Health; 67: 27-34.
39. Pleil JD, Lindstrom AB. (1995) Collection of a single alveolar exhaled breath for volatile organic compounds analysis. Am J Ind Med; 28: 109-21.
40. Popp W, Rauscher D, MuÌller G, Angerer J, Norpoth K. (1994) Concentrations of benzene in blood and S-phenylmercapturic and t,t-muconic acid in urine in car mechanics. Int Arch Occup Environ Health; 66: 1-6.
41. Purcell KJ, Cason GH, Gargas ML, Andersen ME, Travis CC. (1990) In vivo metabolic interactions of benzene and toluene. Toxicol Lett; 52: 141-52.
42. Rappaport SM. (1991) Assessment of long-term exposures to toxic substances in air (review). Ann Occup Hyg; 35: 61121.
43. Rappaport SM, Symanski E, Yager JW, Kupper LL. (1995) The relationship between environmental monitoring and biological markers in exposure assessment. Environ Health Perspect; 103 (suppl. 3): 49-54.
44. Rappaport SM, Weaver M, Taylor D, Kupper L, Susi P. (1999) Application of mixed models to assess exposures monitored by construction workers during hot processes. Ann Occup Hyg; 43: 457-69.
45. Rinsky RA, Smith AB, Hornung R et al. (1987) Benzene and leukemia: an epidemiologic risk assessment. N Engl J Med; 316: 1044-50.
46. Saarinen L, Hakkola M, Pekari K, Lappalainen K, Aitio A. (1998) Exposure of gasoline road-tanker drivers to methyl tert-butyl ether and methyl tert-amyl ether. Int Arch Occup Environ Health; 71: 143-7.
47. Savitz DA, Andrews KW. (1997) Review of epidemiologic evidence on benzene and lymphatic and hematopoietic cancers. Am J Ind Med; 31: 287-95.
48. Schnatter AR, Armstrong TW, Thompson LS et al. (1996) The relationship between low-level benzene exposure and leukemia in Canadian petroleum distribution workers. Environ Health Perspect; 104: 1375-9.
49. Schwartz E. (1987) Proportionate mortality ratio analysis of automobile mechanics and gasoline service station workers in New Hampshire. Am J Ind Med; 12: 91-9.
50. Tielemans E, Heederik D, Burdorf A et al. (1999) Assessment of occupational exposures in a general population: comparison of different methods. Occup Environ Med; 56: 145-51.
51. Valvoline Oil. (2001) Vermont SIRI material safety data sheet archive. [on-line] http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/msds/h/q497/q250.html
52. Waidyanatha S, Rothman N, Fustinon S et al. (2001) Urinary benzene as a biomarker of exposure among occupationally exposed and unexposed subjects. Carcinogenesis; 22: 279-86.
53. Wallace L. (1996) Environmental exposure to benzene: an update. Environ Health Perspect; 104 (suppl. 6): 1129-36.
54. Wilson HK. (1986) Breath analysis: physiological basis and sampling techniques. Scand J Work Environ Health; 12: 174-92.
55. Wolfinger RD. (1997) An example of using mixed models and proc mixed for longitudinal data. J Biopharm Statist; 7: 481500.
56. Wong O. (1995) Risk of acute myeloid leukaemia and multiple myeloma in workers exposed to benzene. Occup Environ Med; 52: 380-4.
57. Yu R, Weisel CP. (1996) Measurement of benzene in human breath associated with an environmental exposure. J Expos Anal Environ Epidemiol; 6: 261-77.