Cattle before crops: The beginnings of food production in Africa

Journal of World Prehistory

Volumn 16, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 99-143

  Marshall, Fiona ^a   Hildebrand, Elisabeth ^a  

^a WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Africa; Archaeology; Cattle domestication; Predictability

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURAL HISTORY; CATTLE; DOMESTICATION; FOOD PRODUCTION; HUNTER-GATHERER;

AFRICA;

EID: 0036622707     PISSN: 08927537     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1019954903395     Document Type: Article

References (252)

1. Plant domestication in the Middle Nile Basin: An archaeobotanical case study
2. Agricultural evidence and its interpretation on the Dhars Tichitt and Oualata, south-eastern Mauritania
3. The identification of cultivated pearl millet (Pennisetum) amongst plant impressions on pottery from Oued Chebbi (Dhar Oualata, Mauritania)
4. The introduction of pastoral adaptations to the highlands of East Africa
5. Excavations at Deloraine, Rongai, 1978
6. Chronology of the later stone age and food production in East Africa
7. The Kintampo complex: A case study of early sedentism and food production in sub-Sahelian West Africa
8. The north tumuli of the Nabta Late Neolithic ceremonial complex
9. Introduction: Some comments on the history of research
10. The origins of sedentism and farming communities in the Levant
11. Archaeological investigations at Bieta Giyorgis (Aksum), Ethiopia: 1993-1995 field seasons
12. Archaeology and environment in the Libyan Sahara, 1978-1983
13. Fisher-Hunters and neolithic pastoralists in East Turkana, Kenya
14. The agricultural foundation of the Aksumite empire, Ethiopia: An interim report
15. The chronological evidence for the introduction of domestic stock into southern Africa
16. The pastoral Neolithic of East Africa
17. Two Eves for Taurus? Bovine mitochondrial DNA and African cattle domestication
18. Mitochondrial diversity and the origins of African and European cattle
19. New perspectives on the origins of food production in Ethiopia
20. Pastoral rock art in the Horn of Africa: Making sense of udder chaos
21. New research on the Holocene settlement and environment of the Chad Basin in Nigeria
22. Food production and culture change among the !Kung San: Implications for prehistoric research
23. Origins and development of Andean pastoralism: An overview of the past 6000 years
24. Pottery decoration in prehistoric Sahara and upper Nile: A new perspective
25. El Geili: The history of a Middle Nile environment 7000 B.C.-A.D. 1,500
26. Typological notes: The Sudanese case
27. Prehistoric populations and pressures favoring plant domestication in Africa
28. Use-wear on later stone age microliths from Laga Oda, Harrarghi, Ethiopia, and possible functional interpretations
29. Early domesticated sorghum from Central Sudan
30. The geomorphology and archaeology of Adrar Bous, central Sahara: A preliminary report
31. Living on the edge: Neolithic herders in the eastern Sahara
32. Holocene occupation of the eastern Sahara
33. Few and far between: Early ceramics in North Africa
34. Sites E-91-3 and E-91-4: The Early Neolithic of El-Adam type at Nabta Playa
35. Sinai, Sahara, Sahel: The introduction of domestic caprines to Africa
36. The beginnings of food production in the eastern Sahara
37. Vegetation and pastoral dynamics in southern Ethiopian rangelands: Implications for theory and management
38. From taming to pastoralism in a drying environment: Site formation processes in the shelters of the Tadrart Acacus massif (Libya, Central Sahara)
39. Having Herds: Pastoral herd growth and household economy
40. Delayed-return hunter-gatherers in Africa? Historic perspectives from the Okiek and archaeological perspectives from the Kansyore
41. Archaeobotanical evidence for pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) in sub-Saharan Africa
42. Ethnoarchaeological approaches to the study of prehistoric agriculture in the highlands of Ethiopia
43. Later stone age of Southernmost Africa
44. Later stone age people and their descendants in southern Africa
45. Advent and course of pastoralism in the Kalahari
46. Dismantling dung: Delayed use of food resources among Early Holocene foragers of the Libyan Sahara
47. Nomadic pastoralism
48. Stability of African pastoral ecosystems: Alternate paradigms and implications for development
49. The Gash group of the eastern Sudan: An outline
50. The Kintampo culture and its place in the economic prehistory of West Africa
51. Comment on 'is inequality universal?'
52. Multiple pathways to farming in precontact Eastern North America
53. Palaeoecological evidence from Neolithic fireplaces in the Sahara
54. New investigations in the Tadrart Acacus
55. Contributions to the archaeozoology of Egypt
56. Archaeozoology of the Bir Kiseiba region, eastern Sahara
57. Quaternary mammals and archaeozoology of Egypt and the Sudan: A survey
58. The fauna of the Neolithic site of Kadero (Central Sudan)
59. Prehistoric men and cattle in North Africa: A dearth of data and a surfeit of models
60. The archaeological sequence of the Acacus
61. The early to late Neolithic Archaeofaunas from Nabta and Bir Kiseiba
62. Prehistoric fauna from Ti-n-Torha (Tadrart Acacus, Libya)
63. Animal remains from the late Paleolithic sequence at Wadi Kubbaniya
64. Gender and early pastoralists in East Africa
65. Animal disease challenges to the emergence of pastoralism in sub-Saharan Africa
66. Climate: Past and present
67. Size and sex: Evidence for the domestication of cattle in the Near East
68. An African origin for African cattle: Some archaeological evidence
69. Bos africanus (Brehm)? Notes on the archaeozoology of the native cattle of Africa
70. Africa's climate in the Holocene
71. Seasonality and division of labour: A case study from Neolithic sites in the Khartoum Nile environment
72. Socio-Economic differentiation in the Neolithic Sudan
73. Fish, pots and grain: Early and mid-Holocene adaptations in the central Sudan
74. Sedentism, cultivation and plant domestication in the Holocene Middle Nile region
75. The puzzle of the late emergence of domesticated sorghum in the Nile Valley
76. African pastoralism: Genetic imprints of origins and migrations
77. Agricultural origins: Centers and noncenters
78. The origins of indigenous African agriculture
79. Wild grass seed harvesting in the Sahara and sub-Sahara of Africa
80. Indigenous African agriculture
81. Wild grass seed harvesting and implications for domestication
82. An evolutionary continuum of people-plant interaction
83. The origins and spread of agriculture and pastoralism in Eurasia: An overview
84. Introduction: Themes and concepts in the study of early agriculture
85. Holocene paleoclimates of Africa
86. Climate and cattle in North Africa: A first approximation
87. Affluent hunters? Some comments in light of the Alyawara case
88. Nimrods, piscators, pluckers and planters: The emergence of food production
89. A revised chronology for pastoralism in southermost Africa: New evidence for sheep at c. 2000 b.p. from Blombos Cave, South Africa
90. Morphological characterization of wild vs. forest-growing Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman, Musaceae, in Sheko district, Bench-Maji Zone, southwest Ethiopia
91. Measured domestication rates in wild wheats and barley under primitive cultivation, and their archaeological implications
92. The context of caprine domestication in the Zagros region
93. Subsistence patterns of the Dar Tichitt Neolithic, Mauretania
94. Livestock husbandry, pastoralisms, and territoriality: The West African record
95. Research on Tassilian pastoral iconography
96. On the domestication of cattle
97. L'art rupestre de l'Éthiopie
98. Protoagricultural practices among hunter-gatherers: A cross-cultural survey
99. Alternative views on the acquisition of livestock by hunter-gatherers in southern Africa: A rejoinder to Smith, Yates and Jacobson
100. A preliminary report on pottery from the north-eastern Transvaal, South Africa
101. Excavations at Silver Leaves: A preliminary report
102. The prehistory of stone age herders in South Africa
103. Site E75-6: An El Nabta and Al Jerar Village
104. Early farming in the Middle Nile basin: Recent discoveries at Kadero (Central Sudan)
105. What hunters do for a living, or, how to make out on scarce resources
106. Relationships between the variability of primary production and the variability of annual precipitation in world arid lands
107. Changing responses to drought among the Wodaabe of Niger
108. Game domestication for animal production in Kenya: Activity patterns of eland, oryx, buffalo and zebu cattle
109. Comment on 'Is inequality universal?' by P. C. Salzman
110. The origins and development of domesticated animals in arid West Africa
111. The iron age south of the Zambezi
112. Economic strategy based on food-plants in the early Holocene central Sudan: A reconsideration
113. Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (oil palm) fluctuations in central Africa during the late Holocene: Climate or human driving forces for this pioneering species?
114. Megaliths and Neolithic astronomy in southern Egypt
115. Hunter to herder: Large mammal remains from the hunter-gatherer occupation at Enkapune ya Muto rockshelter
116. Archaeological perspectives on East African pastoralism
117. The origins of domesticated animals in Eastern Africa
118. Agriculture and use of wild and weedy vegetables by the Piik ap Oom Okiek of Kenya
119. Comment on 'Is inequality universal?' by P.C. Salzman
120. The ecology of seasonal stress and the origins of agriculture in the Near East
121. Neolithic of Sudanese tradition or Saharo-Sudanese Neolithic? The view from Dakhla Oasis, south central Egypt
122. Early African pastoralism: View from Dakhleh Oasis (south central Egypt)
123. Adaptive variability in the eastern Sahara during the early Holocene
124. Agricultural beginnings in sub-Saharan Africa
125. Paleobotanical and human osteological remains
126. The origins and spread of agriculture and pastoralism in northwestern South Asia
127. On the mode of production of the hunting band
128. Sehonghong: The late Holocene assemblages with pottery
129. The Pleistocene to Holocene transition and human economy in southwest Asia: The impact of the Younger Dryas
130. Ethnohistoric archaeology of the Mukogodo in North-Central Kenya
131. The emergence of a food producing economy in the Sahara
132. Early plant food production in the West African Sahel: New evidence
133. The emergence of plant food production in the West African Sahel: New evidence from northeast Nigeria and northern Burkina Faso
134. The nature of rainfall variability in Africa south of the equator
135. African drought: Characteristics, causal theories and global teleconnections
136. Recent rainfall fluctuations in Africa and their relationship to past conditions over the continent
137. African environmental and climate changes and the general atmospheric circulation in the late Pleistocene and Holocene
138. Patterns in the distribution, site structure and assemblage composition of Hadza kill-butchering sites
139. African livestock remains from Saharan mortuary contexts
140. A revision of the faunal remains from two Central Sudanese sites: Khartoum Hospital and Esh Shaheinab
141. The faunal remains from Shaqadud
142. Interglacial environments in presently hyperarid Sahara: Paleoclimatic implications
143. The excavation of Gobedra rock shelter, Axum: An early occurrence of cultivated finger-millet in northern Ethiopia
144. Archaeozoological studies of Iron Age communities in southern Africa
145. A general explanation of subsistence change: From hunting and gathering to food production
146. Reconstructing Gabbra history and chronology: Time reckoning, the Gabbra calendar, and the cyclical view of life
147. Néolithisation, néolithique et post-néolithique au Niger nord-oriental
148. Ancient DNA from sorghum: The evidence from Qasr Ibrim, Egyptian Nubia
149. Ethnographic perspectives on cattle management in semi-arid environments: A case study from Maasailand
150. The first herders at the Cape of Good Hope
151. Is inequality universal?
152. The archaeological identity of hunters and herders at the Cape over the last 2000 years: A critique
153. The chronology of the introduction of pastoralism to the Cape, South Africa
154. Direct radiocarbon dating of early sheep bones: Two further results
155. Hunters, gatherers and first farmers in West Africa
156. Domesticated cattle in the Sahara and their introduction into West Africa
157. Origins of the Neolithic in the Sahara
158. Cattle domestication in North Africa
159. The origins of the domesticated animals of southern Africa
160. Excavations in the south-western Cape, South Africa, and the archaeological identity of prehistoric hunter-gatherers within the last 2000 years
161. Geduld contra Kinahan
162. Being 'Maasai', but not 'People of Cattle': Arusha agricultural Maasai in the nineteenth century
163. Reinvestigations of Kintampo 6 rock shelter, Ghana: Implications for the nature of culture change
164. Intensification in the West African Late Stone Age: A view from central Ghana
165. A scanning electron microscopic analysis of plant impressions in pottery from the sites of Kadero, El Zakiab, Um Direiwa and El Kadada
166. SEM of archaeological plant remains
167. Recent developments in research into the quaternary climatic history of the Sahara
168. The African aqualithic
169. Comment on 'Is inequality universal?' by P. C. Salzman
170. Early canid domestication: The farm-fox experiment
171. Two important 'root' foods of the Northwest Coast Indians: Springbank clover (Trifolium wormskioldii) and Pacific silverweed (Potentilla anserina ssp. pacifica)
172. Domestic animals from archaeological sites in central and west-central Africa
173. Neolithic occupation of the Sodmein area, Red Sea mountains, Egypt
174. Le sable savant: Les cordons dunaires sahéliens au Burkina Faso comme archive archéologique et paléoecologique du Holocene
175. The dispersion of domestic stock into southern Africa
176. Changes in the social relations of precolonial hunter-gatherers after agropastoralist contact: An example from the Magaliesberg, South Africa
177. Plant macrofossils from the archaeological sites of Uan Muhuggiag and Ti-n-Torha, southwestern Libya
178. Sorghum in the economy of early Neolithic nomadic tribes at Nabta Playa, southern Egypt
179. Examination of botanical remains from Early Neolithic houses at Nabta Playa. Western Desert, Egypt, with special reference to sorghum grains
180. Exploitation of wild plants by the early Neolithic hunter-gatherers of the Western Desert, Egypt: Nabta Playa as a case-study
181. Other botanical remains
182. Early plant cultivation in the eastern woodlands of North America
183. Late Paleolithic sites in Egyptian Nubia
184. The complex structures or shrines
185. The use of ground grain during the Late Paleolithic of the Lower Nile Valley, Egypt
186. Nabta Playa and its role in northeastern African prehistory
187. The use of plants during the early Holocene in the Egyptian Sahara: Early Neolithic good economies
188. Foraging and farming in Egypt: The transition from hunting and gathering to horticulture in the Nile Valley
189. The origins of agriculture in Africa, with particular reference to sorghum and pearl millet
190. On the origin and development of camelid pastoralism in the Andes
191. Archaic foraging and the beginning of food production in the American Southwest
192. Domestication of Andean mammals
193. Diet choice, risk, and food sharing in a stochastic environment
194. An evolutionary ecology perspective on diet choice, risk, and plant domestication
195. The reaction against analogy
196. Missing plant foods? Where is the archaeobotanical evidence for sorghum and finger millet in East Africa?