Anti-predator response of red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) to chemical cues from garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis): Laboratory and field experiments

Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology

Volumn 51, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 227-233

  Sullivan, Aaron M ^a   Maerz, John C ^a,b   Madison, Dale M ^a  

^a BINGHAMTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Department of Obstetrics Gynecology   (United States)

Author keywords

Anti predator; Chemical cues; Plethodon; Refuge use

Indexed keywords

AMPHIBIAN; ANTIPREDATOR DEFENSE; CHEMICAL CUE; REFUGE; SNAKE;

AMPHIBIA; CAUDATA; PLETHODON; PLETHODON CINEREUS; REPTILIA; SERPENTES; THAMNOPHIS SIRTALIS;

EID: 0036488021     PISSN: 03405443     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00265-001-0434-2     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Borowski Z (1998) Influence of weasel (Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766) odour on spatial behaviour of root voles (Microtus oeconomus Pallas, 1776). Can J Zool 76:1799-1804
2. Brodie ED Jr, Johnson JA, Dodd CK Jr (1974) Immobility as a defensive behavior in salamanders. Herpetologica 30:79-85
3. Brönmark C, Miner JG (1992) Predator-induced phenotypical change in body morphology in crucian carp. Science 258: 1348-1350
4. Brown GE, Chivers DP, Smith RJF (1997) Differential learning rates of chemical versus visual cues of a northern pike by fathead minnows in a natural habitat. Environ Biol Fishes 49: 89-96
5. Burton TM, Likens GE (1975) Energy flow and nutrient cycling in salamander populations in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire. Ecology 56:1068-1080
6. Chivers DP, Smith RJF (1998) Chemical alarm signalling in aquatic predator-prey systems: A review and prospectus. Ecoscience 5:338-352
7. Chivers DP, Wisenden BD, Smith RJF (1995) The role of experience in the response of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) to skin extract of Iowa darters (Etheostoma exile). Behaviour 132:665-674
8. Chivers DP, Kiesecker JM, Wildy EL, Anderson MT, Blaustein AR (1997) Chemical alarm signalling in terrestrial salamanders: Intra- and interspecific responses. Ethology 103:599-613
9. Cupp PV (1994) Salamanders avoid chemical cues from predators. Anim Behav 48:232-235
10. Feder ME (1983) Integrating the ecology and physiology of plethodontid salamanders. Herpetologica 39:291-310
11. Feminella JW, Hawkins CP (1994) Tailed frog tadpoles differentially alter their feeding behavior in response to non-visual cues from four predators. J N Am Benthol Soc 13:310-320
12. Gillette JR, Jaeger RG, Peterson MC (2000) Social monogamy in a territorial salamander. Anim Behav 59:1241-1250
13. Gillingham JC, Rowe J, Weins MA (1990) Chemosensory orientation and earthworm location by foraging eastern garter snakes, Thamnophis s. sirtalis. In: Macdonald DW, Müller-Schwarze D, Natynczuk SE (eds) Chemical Signals in Vertebrates. V. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 522-532
14. Grover MC (1998) Influence of cover and moisture on abundances of the terrestrial salamanders Plethodon cinereus and Plethodon glutinosus. J Herpetol 32:489-497
15. Hamilton WJJ (1951) The food and feeding behavior of the garter snake in New York State. Am Midl Nat 46:385-390
16. Holomuzki JR (1986) Predator avoidance and diel patterns of microhabitat use by larval tiger salamanders. Ecology 67: 737-748
17. Jaeger RG (1978) Plant climbing by salamanders: Periodic availability of plant-dwelling prey. Copeia 1978:686-691
18. Jaeger RG (1980a) Microhabitats of a terrestrial forest salamander. Copeia 1980:265-268
19. Jaeger RG (1980b) Fluctuations in prey availability and food limitation for a terrestrial salamander. Oecologia 44:335-341
20. Jaeger RG, Peterson MG, Gollmann G, Gollmann B, Townsend VR (2001) Salamander social strategies: Living together in female-male pairs. J Herpetol 35:335-338
21. Kats LB, Dill LM (1998) The scent of death: Chemosensory assessment of predation by prey animals. Ecoscience 5:361-394
22. Lang CD, Jaeger RG (2000) Defense of territories by male-female pairs in the red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus). Copeia 2000:169-177
23. Lima SL (1998a) Nonlethal effects in the ecology of predator-prey interactions: What are the ecological effects of anti-predator decision-making? Bioscience 48:25-34
24. Lima SL (1998b) Stress and decision-making under the risk of predation: Recent developments from behavioral, reproductive, and ecological perspectives. Adv Stud Behav 27:215-290
25. Lima SL, Dill LM (1990) Behavioral decisions made under the risk of predation: A review and prospectus. Can J Zool 68: 619-640
26. Lutterschmidt WI, Marvin GA, Hutchison VH (1994) Alarm response by a plethodontid salamander (Desmognathus ochrophaeus): Conspecific and heterospecific "schreckstoff". J Chem Ecol 20:2751-2759
27. Madison DM, Maerz JC, McDarby JD (1999a) Chemosensory avoidance of snake odors by salamanders: Freeze and flight contingencies. In: Johnston RE, Müller-Schwarze D, Sorensen P (eds) Advances in Chemical Communication in Vertebrates. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press, New York, pp 508-516
28. Madison DM, Maerz JC, McDarby JD (1999b) Optimization of predator avoidance by salamanders using chemical cues: Diet and diel effects. Ethology 105:1073-1086
29. Maerz JC, Madison DM (2000) Environmental variation and territorial behavior in a terrestrial salamander. In: Bruce RC, Jaeger RG, Houck LD (eds) The Biology of Plethodontid Salamanders. Plenum, New York, pp 395-406
30. Maerz JC, Panebianco NL, Madison DM (2001) The effects of predator chemical cues and behavioral biorhythms on the foraging activity of terrestrial salamanders. J Chem Ecol 27: 1333-1344
31. Magurran AE, Irving PW, Henderson PA (1996) Is there a fish alarm pheromone? A wild study and critique. Proc R Soc Lond Ser B Biol Sci 263:1551-1556
32. Marvin GA, Hutchison VH (1995) Avoidance response by adult newts (Cynops pyrrhogaster and Notophthalmus viridescens) to chemical alarm cues. Behaviour 132:95-105
33. Mathis A, Lancaster D (1998) Response of terrestrial salamanders to chemical stimuli from distressed conspecifics. AmphibiaReptilia 19:330-335
34. Mathis A, Smith RJF (1992) Avoidance of areas marked with a chemical alarm substance by fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) in a natural habitat. Can J Zool 70:1473-1476
35. McDarby JD, Madison DM, Maerz JC (1999) Chemosensory avoidance of predators by the red-backed salamander, Plethodon cinereus. In: Johston RE, Müller-Schwarze D, Sorensen P (eds) Advances in Chemical Communication in Vertebrates, Kluwer Academic/Plenum, New York, pp 489-495
36. Murray DL, Jenkins CL (1999) Perceived predation risk as a function of predator dietary cues in terrestrial salamanders. Anim Behav 57:33-39
37. Reichenbach NG, Dalrymple GH (1986) Energy use, life histories, and the evaluation of potential competition in two species of garter snake. J Herpetol 20:133-153
38. Rohr JR, Madison DM (in press) Do newts avoid conspecific alarm substances?: The predation hypothesis revisited. In: Marchlewska-Koj A, Lepri J, Müller-Schwarze D (eds) Chemical Signals in Vertebrates, vol IX. Kluwer Academic/Plenum, New York
39. Sih A, Kats LB (1991) Effects of refuge availability on the responses of salamander larvae to chemical cues from predatory green sunfish. Anim Behav 42:330-332
40. Skelly DK (1992) Field evidence for a cost of behavioral antipredator response in a larval amphibian. Ecology 73:704-708
41. Skelly DK (1994) Activity level and the susceptibility of anuran larvae to predation. Anim Behav 47:465-468
42. Smith RJF (1997) Does one result trump all others? A response to Magurran, Irving, and Anderson. Proc R Soc Lond Ser B Biol Sci 264:445-450
43. Sokal RR, Rohlf FJ (1995) Biometry, 3rd Edn. Freeman, San Francisco
44. Tyler T, Liss WJ, Ganio LM, Larson GL, Hoffman R, Deimling E, Lomnicky G (1998) Interaction between introduced trout and larval salamanders (Ambystoma macrodactylum) in highelevation lakes. Conserv Biol 12:94-104
45. Weldon PJ (1990) Responses of vertebrates to chemicals from predators. In: Macdonald DW, Müller-Schwarze D, Silverstein RM (eds) Chemical Signals in Vertebrates, vol V. Plenum Press, New York, pp 500-521
46. Woody DR, Mathis A (1997) Avoidance of areas labeled with chemical stimuli from damaged conspecifics by adult newts, Notophthalmus viridescens, in a natural habitat. J Herpetol 31: 316-318
47. Woody DR, Mathis A (1998) Acquired recognition of chemical stimuli from an unfamiliar predator: Associative learning by adult newts, Notophthalmus viridescens. Copeia 1998:1027-1031