Smiling, frowning, and autonomic activity in mildly depressed and nondepressed men in response to emotional imagery of social contexts

Perceptual and Motor Skills

Volumn 94, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 141-151

  Gehricke, Jean Guido ^a   Fridlund, Alan J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AFFECT; ARTICLE; DEPRESSION; ELECTRODERMAL RESPONSE; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; FACE MUSCLE; FACIAL EXPRESSION; HEART RATE; HUMAN; IMAGINATION; MALE; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT;

ADULT; AFFECT; DEPRESSION; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; FACIAL EXPRESSION; FACIAL MUSCLES; GALVANIC SKIN RESPONSE; HEART RATE; HUMANS; IMAGINATION; MALE; SMILING; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT;

EID: 0036483166     PISSN: 00315125     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2466/pms.2002.94.1.141     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. BECK, A. T., RUSH, A. J., SHAW, B. F., & EMERY, G. (1979) Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford.
2. BUCK, R., LOSOW, J., MURPHY, M., & CONSTANZO, P. (1992) Social facilitation and inhibition of emotional expression and communication. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 962-968.
3. COYNE, J. C. (1985) Toward an interactional description of depression. In J. C. Coyne (Ed.), Essential papers on depression. New York: New York Univer. Press. Pp. 311-330.
4. CRAIG, K. C. (1968) Physiological arousal as a function of imagined, vicarious, and direct stress experiences. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 73, 513-520.
5. CUTHBERT, B. N., VRANA, S. R., & BRADLEY, M. (1991) Imagery: function and physiology. In P. K. Ackles, J. H. Jennings, & M. G. H. Coles (Eds.), Advances in psychophysiology. Vol. 4. London: Kingsley. Pp. 1-42.
6. DAWSON, M. E., SCHELL, A. M., & FILION, D. E. (1990) The electrodermal system. In J. T. Cacioppo & L. G. Tassinary (Eds.), Principles of psychophysiology. New York: Cambridge Univer. Press. Pp. 295-324.
7. DIMBERG, U., & LUNDQUIST, E. O. (1990) Gender differences in facial reactions to facial expressions. Biological Psychology, 30, 151-159.
8. EKMAN, P. (1971) Universals and cultural differences in facial expression of emotion. In J. Cole (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation. Vol. 19. Lincoln, NE: Univer. of Nebraska Press. Pp. 207-284.
9. EKMAN, P., & FRIESEN, W. V. (1975) Unmasking the face: a guide to recognizing emotions from facial clues. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
10. EKMAN, P., & FRIESEN, W. V. (1982) Felt, false, and miserable smiles. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 6, 238-258.
11. FRIDLUND, A. J. (1979) Contour-following integrator for dynamic tracking of electromyographic data. Psychophysiology, 16, 491-493.
12. FRIDLUND, A. J. (1991a) Evolution and facial action in reflex, social motive, and paralanguage. Biological Psychology, 32, 3-100.
13. FRIDLUND, A. J. (1991b) The sociality of solitary smiling: potentiation by an implicit audience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 229-240.
14. FRIDLUND, A. J. (1994) Human facial expression: an evolutionary view. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
15. FRIDLUND, A. J. (1995a) Anagraph program, Version 1.6. [Computer software] Santa Barbara, CA: Fridlund.
16. FRIDLUND, A. J. (1995b) Image program. [Computer software] Santa Barbara, CA: Fridlund.
17. FRIDLUND, A. J., & CACIOPPO, J. T. (1986) Guidelines for human electromyographic research. Psychophysiology, 23, 567-589.
18. FRIDLUND, A. J., & FOWLER, S. C. (1978) An eight-channel computer controlled scanning electromyograph. Behavioral Research Methods & Instrumentation, 10, 652-662.
19. GEHRICKE, J-G., & SHAPIRO, D. (2000) Reduced facial expression and social context in major depression: discrepancies between facial muscle activity and self-reported emotion. Psychiatry Research, 95, 158-167.
20. GEHRICKE, J-G., & SHAPIRO, D. (2001) Facial and autonomic activity in depression: social context differences during imagery. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 41, 53-64.
21. GOTLIB, I. H., & ASARNOW, R. F. (1979) Interpersonal and impersonal problem-solving skills in mildly and clinically depressed university students. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 47, 86-95.
22. GOTLIB, I. H., & ROBINSON, L. A. (1982) Responses to depressed individuals: discrepancies between self-report and observed behavior. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 91, 231-240.
23. GROSS, J. J., & LEVENSON, R. W. (1997) Hiding feelings: the acute effects of inhibiting negative and positive emotions. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 95-103.
24. HESS, U., BANSE, R., & KAPPAS, A. (1995) The intensity of facial expression is determined by affective state and social situation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 280-288.
25. IZARD, C. E. (1972) Patterns of emotions: a new analysis of anxiety and depression. New York: Academic Press.
26. KRING, A. M., & GORDON, A. H. (1998) Sex differences in emotion: expression, experience, and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 686-703.
27. LANG, P. J. (1979) A bio-informational theory of emotional imagery. Psychophysiology, 16, 495-512.
28. LUNDQUIST, L. O. (1995) Facial EMG reactions to facial expressions: a case of facial emotional contagion. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 36, 130-141.
29. SAARNI, C. (1978) Cognitive and communicative features of emotional experience, or do you show what you think you feel? In M. Lewis & L. Rosenblum (Eds.), The development of affect. New York: Plenum. Pp. 361-376.
30. SAARNI, C. (1982) Social and affective functions of nonverbal behavior. In R. S. Feldman (Ed.), Development of nonverbal behavior in children. New York: Springer-Verlag. Pp. 123-148.
31. SCHWARTZ, G. E., BROWN, S. L., & AHERN, G. L. (1980) Facial muscle patterning and subjective experience during affective imagery: sex differences. Psychophysiology, 17, 75-82.
32. STOPPARD, J. M., & GUNN GRUCHY, C. D. (1993) Gender, context, and expression of positive emotions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19, 143-150.
33. TASSINARY, L. G., CACIOPPO, I. T., & GEEN, T. R. (1989) A psychometric study of surface electrode placements for racial electromyographic recording: the brow and cheek muscle regions. Psychophysiology, 26, 1-16.
34. TIMMERS, M., FISCHER, A. H., & MANSTEAD, A. S. R. (1998) Gender differences in motives for regulating emotions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 974-986.
35. VRANA, S. R. (1993) The psychophysiology of disgust: differentiating negative emotional contexts with facial EMG. Psychophysiology, 30, 279-286.
36. VRANA, S. R., & ROLLOCK, D. (1998) Physiological response to a minimal social encounter: effects of gender, ethnicity, and social context. Psychophysiology, 35, 462-469.