Imiquimod and the imidazoquinolones: Mechanism of action and therapeutic potential

Clinical and Experimental Dermatology

Volumn 27, Issue 7, 2002, Pages 571-577

  Stanley, M A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; ANTIVIRUS AGENT; IMIQUIMOD; QUINOLONE DERIVATIVE; S 26704;

ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY; ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; BASAL CELL CARCINOMA; CLINICAL TRIAL; DENDRITIC CELL; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG RECEPTOR BINDING; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IN VITRO STUDY; IN VIVO STUDY; MACROPHAGE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SKIN DISEASE; VERRUCA VULGARIS; VIRUS INFECTION;

ADJUVANTS, IMMUNOLOGIC; AMINOQUINOLINES; ANIMALS; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; HUMANS; SKIN DISEASES; SKIN NEOPLASMS; VIRUS DISEASES;

EID: 0036456708     PISSN: 03076938     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2230.2002.01151.x     Document Type: Review

References (49)

1. Medzhitov R, Janeway CA Jr. Decoding the patterns of self and nonself by the innate immune system. Science 2002; 296: 298-300.
2. Slade HB, Owens ML, Tomai MA, Miller RL. Imiquimod 5% cream (Aldara™). Exp Opin Invest Drugs 1998; 7: 437-49.
3. Beutner KR, Geisse JK, Helman D, Fox TL, Ginkel A, Owens ML. Therapeutic response of basal cell carcinoma to the immune response modifier imiquimod 5% cream. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999; 41: 1002-7.
4. Harrison CJ, Jenski L, Voychehovski T, Bernstein DI. Modification of immunological responses and clinical disease during topical R-837 treatment of genital HSV-2 infection. Antiviral Res 1988; 10: 209-23 [erratum appears in Antiviral Res 1989; 11: 215].
5. Bernstein DI, Harrison CJ. Effects of the immunomodulating agent R837 on acute and latent herpes simplex virus type 2 infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989; 33: 1511-5.
6. Weeks CE, Reiter MJ. Antiviral/immunomodulator R-837 induces α interferon in mice. J Invest Dermatol 1989; 93: 584.
7. Gibson SJ, Elrod SV, Miller RL, Weeks CE. Oral R-837 induces α interferon in cynomologous monkeys. J Interferon Res 1990; 10 (suppl. 1): S124.
8. Reiter MJ, Testerman TL, Miller RL, Weeks CE, Tomai MA. Cytokine induction in mice by the immunomodulator imiquimod. J Leukoc Biol 1994; 55: 234-40.
9. Slade HB. Cytokine induction and modifying the immune response to human papilloma virus with imiquimod. Eur J Dermatol 1998; 8: 13-6 [discussion 20-2].
10. Gibson SJ, Imbertson LM, Wagner TL et al. Cellular requirements for cytokine production in response to the immunomodulators imiquimod and S-27609. J Interferon Cytokine Res 1995; 15: 537-45.
11. Testerman TL, Gerster JF, Imbertson LM et al. Cytokine induction by the immunomodulators imiquimod and S-27609. J Leukoc Biol 1995; 58: 365-72.
12. Kono T, Kondo S, Pastore S et al. Effects of a novel topical immunomodulator, imiquimod, on keratinocyte cytokine gene expression. Lymphokine Cytokine Res 1994; 13: 71-6.
13. Wagner TL, Ahonen CL, Couture AM et al. Modulation of TH1 and TH2 cytokine production with the immune response modifiers, R-848 and imiquimod. Cell Immunol 1999; 191: 10-9.
14. Miller RL, Brmachu W, Gerster J. Imiquimod: Cytokine induction and antiviral activity. Antiviral News 1995; 3: 111-3.
15. Tomai MA, Gibson SJ, Imbertson LM et al. Immunomodulating and antiviral activities of the imidazoquinoline S-28463. Antiviral Res 1995; 28: 253-64.
16. Harrison CJ, Miller RL, Bernstein DI. Reduction of recurrent HSV disease using imiquimod alone or combined with a glycoprotein vaccine. Vaccine 2001; 19: 1820-6.
17. Hemmi H, Kaisho T, Takeuchi O et al. Small anti-viral compounds activate immune cells via the TLR7 MyD88-dependent signaling pathway. Nat Immunol 2002; 3: 196-200.
18. Kadowaki N, Ho S, Antonenko S et al. Subsets of human dendritic cell precursors express different toll-like receptors and respond to different microbial antigens. J Exp Med 2001; 194: 863-9.
19. Kadowaki N, Antonenko S, Liu YJ. Distinct CpG DNA and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid double-stranded RNA, respectively, stimulate CD11c- type 2 dendritic cell precursors and CD11c+ dendritic cells to produce type I IFN. J Immunol 2001; 166: 2291-5.
20. Stanley MA. Human papillomavirus vaccines. Curr Opin Mol Ther 2002; 4: 15-22.
21. Coleman N, Birley HD, Renton AM et al. Immunological events in regressing genital warts. Am J Clin Pathol 1994; 102: 768-74.
22. Beutner KR, Tyring SK, Trofatter KF Jr et al. Imiquimod, a patient-applied immune-response modifier for treatment of external genital warts. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998; 42: 789-94.
23. Beutner KR, Spruance SL, Hougham AJ, Fox TL, Owens ML, Douglas JM Jr. Treatment of genital warts with an immune-response modifier (imiquimod). J Am Acad Dermatol 1998; 38: 230-9.
24. Edwards L, Ferenczy A, Eron L et al. Self-administered topical 5% imiquimod cream for external anogenital warts. HPV Study Group. Human Papilloma Virus. Arch Dermatol 1998; 134: 25-30.
25. Tyring SK, Arany I, Stanley MA et al. A randomized, controlled, molecular study of condylomata acuminata clearance during treatment with imiquimod. J Infect Dis 1998; 178: 551-5.
26. Arany I, Tyring SK, Stanley MA et al. Enhancement of the innate and cellular immune response in patients with genital warts treated with topical imiquimod cream 5%. Antiviral Res 1999; 43: 55-63.
27. Arrese J, Paquet P, Claessens N, Pierard-Franchimont C, Pierard G. Dermal dendritic cells in anogenital warty lesions unresponsive to an immune-response modifier. J Cutan Pathol 2001; 28: 131-4.
28. Hengge UR, Esser S, Schultewolter T et al. Self-administered topical 5% imiquimod for the treatment of common warts and molluscum contagiosum. Br J Dermatol 2000; 143: 1026-31.
29. Schwab RA, Elston DM. Topical imiquimod for recalcitrant facial flat warts. Cutis 2000; 65: 160-2.
30. Cutler K, Kagen MH, Don PC, McAleer P, Weinberg JM. Treatment of facial verrucae with topical imiquimod cream in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus. Acta Derm Venereol 2000; 80: 134-5.
31. Rinne D, Linhart C, Schofer H. Lip papillomatosis in immunodeficiency: Therapy with imiquimod [letter]. Br J Dermatol 2000; 142: 196-7.
32. Sparling JD, Checketts SR, Chapman MS. Imiquimod for plantar and periungual warts. Cutis 2001; 68: 397-9.
33. Oster-Schmidt C. Imiquimod: A new possibility for treatment-resistant verrucae planae. Arch Dermatol 2001; 137: 666-7.
34. Buckley R, Smith K. Topical imiquimod therapy for chronic giant molluscum contagiosum in a patient with advanced human immunodeficiency virus 1 disease. Arch Dermatol 1999; 135: 1167-9.
35. Liota E, Smith KJ, Buckley R, Menon P, Skelton H. Imiquimod therapy for molluscum contagiosum. J Cutan Med Surg 2000; 4: 76-82.
36. Brown CW, O'Donoghue M, Moore J, Tharp M. Recalcitrant molluscum contagiosum in an HIV-afflicted male treated successfully with topical imiquimod. Cutis 2000; 65: 363-6.
37. Barba AR, Kapoor S, Berman B. An open label safety study of topical imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of Molluscum contagiosum in children. Dermatol Online J 2001; 7: 20.
38. Marks R, Gebauer K, Shumack S et al. Imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma: Results of a multicenter 6-week dose-response trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001; 44: 807-13.
39. Mackenzie-Wood A, Kossard S, de Launey J, Wilkinson B, Owens ML. Imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of Bowen's disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001; 44: 462-70.
40. Hengge UR, Stark R. Topical imiquimod to treat intraepidermal carcinoma. Arch Dermatol 2001; 137: 709-11.
41. Petrow W, Gerdsen R, Uerlich M, Richter O, Bieber T. Successful topical immunotherapy of bowenoid papulosis with imiquimod. Br J Dermatol 2001; 145: 1022-3.
42. Thai KE, Sinclair RD. Treatment of Bowen's disease of the penis with imiquimod. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 46: 470-1.
43. Schroeder TL, Sengelmann RD. Squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the penis successfully treated with imiquimod 5% cream. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 46: 545-8.
44. Smith KJ, Germain M, Skelton H. Squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Bowen's disease) in renal transplant patients treated with 5% imiquimod and 5% 5-fluorouracil therapy. Dermatol Surg 2001; 27: 561-4.
45. Smith KJ, Germain M, Skelton H. Bowen's disease (squamous cell carcinoma in situ) in immunosuppressed patients treated with imiquimod 5% cream and a cox inhibitor, sulindac: Potential applications for this combination of immunotherapy. Dermatol Surg 2001; 27: 143-6.
46. Stockfleth E, Meyer T, Benninghoff B, Christophers E. Successful treatment of actinic keratosis with imiquimod cream 5%: A report of six cases. Br J Dermatol 2001; 144: 1050-3.
47. Ahmed I, Berth Jones J. Imiquimod: A novel treatment for lentigo maligna. Br J Dermatol 2000; 143: 843-5.
48. Stockfleth E, Rowert J, Arndt R, Christophers E, Meyer T. Detection of human papillomavirus and response to topical 5% imiquimod in a case of stucco keratosis. Br J Dermatol 2000; 143: 846-50.
49. Agarwal S, Berth-Jones J. Porokeratosis of Mibelli: Successful treatment with 5% imiquimod cream. Br J Dermatol 2002; 146: 338-9.