Linking physics with physiology in TMS: A sphere field model to determine the cortical stimulation site in TMS

NeuroImage

Volumn 17, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 1117-1130

  Thielscher, Axel ^a   Kammer, Thomas ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ULM   (Germany)

^b MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS   (Germany)

Author keywords

Electromagnetic fields; Motor cortex; Motor mapping; Sphere model; Transcranial magnetic stimulation

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BRAIN CORTEX; BRAIN DEPTH STIMULATION; BRAIN MAPPING; CONTROLLED STUDY; ELECTRIC FIELD; FEMALE; HAND MUSCLE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; MODEL; MOTOR CORTEX; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; MUSCLE EXCITATION; NORMAL HUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE; PHYSICS; PHYSIOLOGY; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION;

EID: 0036429143     PISSN: 10538119     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/nimg.2002.1282     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Amassian, V. E., Eberle, L., Maccabee, P. J., and Cracco, R. Q. 1992. Modelling magnetic coil excitation of human cerebral cortex with a peripheral nerve immersed in a brain-shaped volume conductor: The significance of fiber bending in excitation. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 85: 291-301.
2. Bastings, E. P., Gage, H. D., Greenberg, J. P., Hammond, G., Hernandez, L., Santago, P., Hamilton, C. A., Moody, D. M., Singh, K. D., and Ricci, P. E. 1998. Co-registration of cortical magnetic stimulation and functional magnetic-resonance-imaging. NeuroReport 9: 1941-1946.
3. Beisteiner, R., Windischberger, C., Lanzenberger, R., Edward, V., Cunnington, R., Erdler, M., Gartus, A., Streibl, B., Moser, E., and Deecke, L. 2001. Finger somatotopy in human motor cortex. Neuroimage 13: 1016-1026.
4. Bohning, D. E., He, L., George, M. S., and Epstein, C. M. 2001. Deconvolution of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) maps. J. Neural Transm. 108: 35-52.
5. Branston, N. M., and Tofts, P. S. 1990. Transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neurology 40: 1909.
6. Brasil-Neto, J. P., Cohen, L. G., Panizza, M., Nilsson, J., Roth, B. J., and Hallett, M. 1992. Optimal focal transcranial magnetic activation of the human motor cortex: Effects of coil orientation, shape of induced current pulse, and stimulus intensity. J. Clin. Neurophysiol. 9: 132-136.
7. Brasil-Neto, J. P., McShane, L. M., Fuhr, P., Hallett, M., and Cohen, L. G. 1992. Topographic mapping of the human motor cortex with magnetic stimulation: Factors affecting accuracy and reproducibility. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 85: 9-16.
8. Classen, J., Knorr, U., Werhahn, K. J., Schlaug, G., Kunesch, E., Cohen, L. G., Seitz, R. J., and Benecke, R. 1998. Multimodal output mapping of human central motor representation on different spatial scales. J. Physiol. 512: 163-179.
9. Devanne, H., Lavoie, B. A., and Capaday, C. 1997. Input-output properties and gain changes in the human corticospinal pathway. Exp. Brain. Res. 114: 329-338.
10. Eaton, H. 1992. Electric field induced in a spherical volume conductor from arbitrary coils. Application to magnetic stimulation and MEG. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 30: 433-440.
11. Epstein, C. M., Schwartzberg, D. G., Davey, K. R., and Sudderth, D. B. 1990. Localizing the site of magnetic brain stimulation in humans [see comments]. Neurology 40: 666-670.
12. Hallett, M. 2000. Transcranial magnetic stimulation and the human brain. Nature 406: 147-150.
13. Hämäläinen, M. S., and Sarvas, J. 1989. Realistic conductivity geometry model of the human head for interpretation of neuromagnetic data. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 36: 165-171.
14. Herwig, U., Padberg, F., Unger, J., Spitzer, M., and Schönfeldt-Lecuona, C. 2001. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in therapy studies: Examination of the reliability of "standard" coil positioning by neuronavigation. Biol. Psychiatry 50: 58-61.
15. Hess, C. W., Mills, K. R., Murray, N. M., and Schriefer, T. N. 1987. Excitability of the human motor cortex is enhanced during REM sleep. Neurosci. Let. 82: 47-52.
16. Ilmoniemi, R. J., Ruohonen, J., and Karhu, J. 1999. Transcranial magnetic stimulation - A new tool for functional imaging of the brain. Crit. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 27: 241-284.
17. Kammer, T., Beck, S., Thielscher, A., Laubis-Herrmann, U., and Topka, H. 2001. Motor thresholds in humans. A transcranial magnetic stimulation study comparing different pulseforms, current directions and stimulator types. Clin. Neurophysiol. 112: 250-258.
18. Kozel, F. A., Nahas, Z., deBrux, C., Molloy, M., Lorberbaum, J. P., Bohning, D., Risch, S. C., and George, M. S. 2000. How coil-cortex distance relates to age, motor threshold, and antidepressant response to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 12: 376-384.
19. Krings, T., Buchbinder, B. R., Butler, W. E., Chiappa, K. H., Jiang, H. J., Cosgrove, G. R., and Rosen, B. R. 1997. Functional magnetic-resonance-imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation - Complementary approaches in the evaluation of cortical motor function. Neurology 48: 1406-1416.
20. Levy, W. J., Amassian, V. E., Schmid, U. D., and Jungreis, C. 1991. Mapping of motor cortex gyral sites non-invasively by transcranial magnetic stimulation in normal subjects and patients. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. Suppl. 43: 51-75.
21. Liu, R., and Ueno, S. 2000. Calculating the activating function of nerve excitation in inhomogeneous volume conductor during magnetic stimulation using the finite element method. IEEE Trans. Magn. 36: 1796-1799.
22. Maccabee, P. J., Amassian, V. E., Eberle, L. P., and Cracco, R. Q. 1993. Magnetic coil stimulation of straight and bent amphibian and mammalian peripheral nerve in vitro: Locus of excitation. J. Physiol. 460: 201-219.
23. McConnell, K. A., Nahas, Z., Shastri, A., Lorberbaum, J. P., Kozel, F. A., Bohning, D. E., and George, M. S. 2001. The transcranial magnetic stimulation motor threshold depends on the distance from coil to underlying cortex: A replication in healthy adults comparing two methods of assessing the distance to cortex. Biol. Psychiatry 49: 454-459.
24. Mills, K. R., Boniface, S. J., and Schubert, M. 1992. Magnetic brain stimulation with a double coil: The importance of coil orientation. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 85: 17-21.
25. Mills, K. R., and Nithi, K. A. 1997. Corticomotor threshold to magnetic stimulation - Normal values and repeatability. Muscle Nerve 20: 570-576.
26. Oldfield, R. C. 1971. The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia 9: 97-113.
27. Pascual-Leone, A., Cohen, L. G., Brasil-Neto, J. P., and Hallett, M. 1994. Non-invasive differentiation of motor cortical representation of hand muscles by mapping of optimal current directions. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 93: 42-48.
28. Penfield, W., and Rasmussen, T. 1950. The Cerebral Cortex of Man: A Clinical Study of Localization and Function. Macmillan, New York.
29. Ravazzani, P., Ruohonen, J., Grandori, F., and Tognola, G. 1996. Magnetic stimulation of the nervous-system - Induced electricfield in unbounded, semiinfinite, spherical, and cylindrical media. Ann. Biomed. Engineer. 24: 606-616.
30. Rossini, P. M., Caltagirone, C., Castriotascanderberg, A., Cicinelli, P., Delgratta, C., Demartin, M., Pizzella, V., Traversa, R., and Romani, G. L. 1998. Hand motor cortical area reorganization in stroke - A study with fMRI, MEG and TCS maps. NeuroReport 9: 2141-2146.
31. Roth, B. J., Saypol, J. M., Hallett, M., and Cohen, L. G. 1991. A theoretical calculation of the electric field induced in the cortex during magnetic stimulation. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 81: 47-56.
32. Sarvas, J. 1987. Basic mathematical and electromagnetic concepts of the biomagnetic inverse problem. Phys. Med. Biol. 32: 11-22.
33. Schieber, M. H. 2001. Constraints on somatotopic organization in the primary motor cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 86: 2125-2143.
34. Stewart, L. M., Walsh, V., and Rothwell, J. C. 2001. Motor and phosphene thresholds: A transcranial magnetic stimulation correlation study. Neuropsychologia 39: 415-419.
35. Terao, Y., Ugawa, Y., Sakai, K., Miyauchi, S., Fukuda, H., Sasaki, Y., Takino, T., Hanajima, R., Furubayashi, T., Pütz, B., and Kanazawa, I. 1998. Localizing the site of magnetic brain-stimulation by functional MRI. Exp. Brain. Res. 121: 145-152.
36. Thickbroom, G. W., Sammut, R., and Mastaglia, F. L. 1998. Magnetic stimulation mapping of motor cortex-factors contributing to map area. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 109: 79-84.
37. Walsh, V., and Cowey, A. 2000. Transcranial magnetic stimulation and cognitive neuroscience. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 1: 73-79.
38. Wassermann, E. M., McShane, L. M., Hallett, M., and Cohen, L. G. 1992. Noninvasive mapping of muscle representations in human motor cortex. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 85: 1-8.
39. Wassermann, E. M., Wang, B. S., Zeffiro, T. A., Sadato, N., Pascualleone, A., Toro, C., and Hallett, M. 1996. Locating the motor cortex on the MRI with transcranial magnetic stimulation and PET. NeuroImage 3: 1-9.
40. Wilson, S. A., Thickbroom, G. W., and Mastaglia, F. L. 1993. Transcranial magnetic stimulation mapping of the motor cortex in normal subjects. The representation of two intrinsic hand muscles. J. Neurol. Sci. 118: 134-144.
41. Yousry, T. A., Schmid, U. D., Alkadhi, H., Schmidt, D., Peraud, A., Buettner, A., and Winkler, P. 1997. Localization of the motor hand area to a knob on the precentral gyrus - A new landmark. Brain 120: 141-157.