메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 25, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 437-458

Sexual maturation data for Crl sprague-dawley rats: Criteria and confounding factors

Author keywords

Balano preputial separation; Postnatal sexual maturation; Vaginal patency

Indexed keywords

CHEMICAL AGENT;

EID: 0036384234     PISSN: 01480545     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1081/DCT-120014794     Document Type: Conference Paper
Times cited : (102)

References (61)
  • 1
    • 0002003557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perspectives on the US, EEC, and Japanese developmental toxicity testing guidelines
    • Hood, R.D., Ed.; CRL Press Inc.: New York
    • Christian, M.S.; Hoberman, A.M. Perspectives on the US, EEC, and Japanese Developmental Toxicity Testing Guidelines. In Handbook of Developmental Toxicology; Hood, R.D., Ed.; CRL Press Inc.: New York, 1997; 551-595.
    • (1997) Handbook of Developmental Toxicology , pp. 551-595
    • Christian, M.S.1    Hoberman, A.M.2
  • 2
    • 0011837341 scopus 로고
    • Chemicals affecting the development of reproductive capacity
    • Dixon, R.L., Ed.; Raven Press: New York
    • Steinberger, E.; Lloyd, J.A. Chemicals Affecting the Development of Reproductive Capacity. In Reproductive Toxicology: Target Organ Toxicology Series; Dixon, R.L., Ed.; Raven Press: New York, 1985; 1-20.
    • (1985) Reproductive Toxicology: Target Organ Toxicology Series , pp. 1-20
    • Steinberger, E.1    Lloyd, J.A.2
  • 3
    • 0034029963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: Prepubertal exposures and effects on sexual maturation and thyroid function in the female rat. A focus on the EDSTAC recommendations
    • Goldman, J.M.; Laws, S.C.; Balchak, S.K.; Cooper, R.L.; Kavlock, R.J. Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: Prepubertal Exposures and Effects on Sexual Maturation and Thyroid Function in the Female Rat. A Focus on the EDSTAC Recommendations. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 2000, 30, 135-196.
    • (2000) Crit. Rev. Toxicol. , vol.30 , pp. 135-196
    • Goldman, J.M.1    Laws, S.C.2    Balchak, S.K.3    Cooper, R.L.4    Kavlock, R.J.5
  • 4
    • 0034029020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: Prepubertal exposures and effects on sexual maturation and thyroid function in the male rat. A focus on the EDSTAC recommendations
    • Stocker, T.E.; Parks, L.G.; Gray, E.; Cooper, R.L. Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: Prepubertal Exposures and Effects on Sexual Maturation and Thyroid Function in the Male Rat. A Focus on the EDSTAC Recommendations. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 2000, 30, 197-252.
    • (2000) Crit. Rev. Toxicol. , vol.30 , pp. 197-252
    • Stocker, T.E.1    Parks, L.G.2    Gray, E.3    Cooper, R.L.4
  • 5
    • 0004592386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1998a. Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances (OPPTS) 870.6300, August
    • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). 1998a. Health Effects Test Guidelines; Developmental Neurotoxicity Study. Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances (OPPTS) 870.6300, August 1998.
    • (1998) Health Effects Test Guidelines; Developmental Neurotoxicity Study
  • 6
    • 0004592386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1998b. Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances (OPPTS) 870.3800, August
    • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). 1998b. Health Effects Test Guideline; Reproduction and Fertility Effects. Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances (OPPTS) 870.3800, August 1998.
    • (1998) Health Effects Test Guideline; Reproduction and Fertility Effects
  • 7
    • 0003925997 scopus 로고
    • International conference on harmonisation; guideline on detection of toxicity to reproduction for medicinal products
    • September 22
    • U.S. Food and Drug Administration (US FDA). International Conference on Harmonisation; Guideline on Detection of Toxicity to Reproduction for Medicinal Products. Federal Register, September 22, 1994, Vol. 59, No. 183.
    • (1994) Federal Register , vol.59 , Issue.183
  • 9
    • 0003182109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Male 20-day thyroid/pubertal assay in rodents
    • Endocrine Disruptor Screening and Testing Advisory Committee (EDSTAC). 1998a. Male 20-Day Thyroid/Pubertal Assay in Rodents. In: EDSTAC Final Report 1, 5-30.
    • (1998) EDSTAC Final Report , vol.1 , pp. 5-30
  • 10
    • 0003182109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female 20-day thyroid/pubertal assay in rodents
    • Endocrine Disruptor Screening and Testing Advisory Committee (EDSTAC). 1998b. Female 20-Day Thyroid/Pubertal Assay in Rodents. In: EDSTAC Final Report 1, 5-26.
    • (1998) EDSTAC Final Report , vol.1 , pp. 5-26
  • 11
    • 0016154836 scopus 로고
    • Selection of appropriate experimental units in teratology
    • Staples, R.E.; Haseman, J.K. Selection of Appropriate Experimental Units in Teratology. Teratology 1974, 9, 259-260.
    • (1974) Teratology , vol.9 , pp. 259-260
    • Staples, R.E.1    Haseman, J.K.2
  • 12
    • 0016703288 scopus 로고
    • Selection of the experimental unit in teratology studies
    • Haseman, J.K.; Hogan, M.D. Selection of the Experimental Unit in Teratology Studies. Teratology 1975, 12, 165-171.
    • (1975) Teratology , vol.12 , pp. 165-171
    • Haseman, J.K.1    Hogan, M.D.2
  • 13
    • 0026052578 scopus 로고
    • Statistical methods for analyzing developmental toxicity data
    • Piegorsch, W.W.; Haseman, J.K. Statistical Methods for Analyzing Developmental Toxicity Data. Teratog. Carcinog. Mutagen. 1991, 11, 115-133.
    • (1991) Teratog. Carcinog. Mutagen. , vol.11 , pp. 115-133
    • Piegorsch, W.W.1    Haseman, J.K.2
  • 14
    • 0032462592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability in the uterotrophic response assay (an in vivo estrogenic response assay) in untreated control and positive control (DES-DP, 2.5 μg/kg, BID) wistar and sprague-dawley rats
    • Christian, M.S.; Hoberman, A.M.; Bachman, S.; Hellwig, J. Variability in the Uterotrophic Response Assay (an in vivo estrogenic response assay) in Untreated Control and Positive Control (DES-DP, 2.5 μg/kg, BID) Wistar and Sprague-Dawley Rats. Drug Chem. Toxicol. 1998, 21, 51-100.
    • (1998) Drug Chem. Toxicol. , vol.21 , pp. 51-100
    • Christian, M.S.1    Hoberman, A.M.2    Bachman, S.3    Hellwig, J.4
  • 15
    • 0000325408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of sampling design on the outcome of endocrine, reproductive and developmental toxicity studies
    • Janszen, D.B.; Elswick, B.A.; Welsch, F. The Effect of Sampling Design on the Outcome of Endocrine, Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity Studies. The Toxicologist 2000, 54, 256A.
    • (2000) The Toxicologist , vol.54
    • Janszen, D.B.1    Elswick, B.A.2    Welsch, F.3
  • 16
    • 4244096848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Litter variability in behavioral testing: Is testing of one animal per litter enough?
    • Ulbrich, B. Litter Variability in Behavioral Testing: Is Testing of One Animal Per Litter Enough? Reprod. Toxicol. 2001, 15, 450-451A.
    • (2001) Reprod. Toxicol. , vol.15 , pp. 450-451A
    • Ulbrich, B.1
  • 17
    • 0010584444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Food and Drug Administration (US FDA). Good Laboratory Practice Regulations; Final Rule. 21 CFR Part 58
    • U.S. Food and Drug Administration (US FDA). Good Laboratory Practice Regulations; Final Rule. 21 CFR Part 58.
  • 20
    • 0010619491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA); Good Laboratory Practice Standards; Final Rule. 40 CFR Part 160, 1998c
    • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA); Good Laboratory Practice Standards; Final Rule. 40 CFR Part 160, 1998c.
  • 21
    • 0010550642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA); Good Laboratory Practice Standards; Final Rule. 40 CFR Part 792, 1998d
    • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA); Good Laboratory Practice Standards; Final Rule. 40 CFR Part 792, 1998d.
  • 22
    • 0003633755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Academy Press: Washington, D.C
    • National Research Council (NRC). Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals; National Academy Press: Washington, D.C, 1996; 125.
    • (1996) Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals , pp. 125
  • 23
    • 0003052330 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of variance
    • Iowa State University Press: Ames
    • Snedecor, G.W.; Cochran, W.G. Analysis of Variance. In Statistical Methods; Iowa State University Press: Ames, 1967; 258-275.
    • (1967) Statistical Methods , pp. 258-275
    • Snedecor, G.W.1    Cochran, W.G.2
  • 24
    • 0009663357 scopus 로고
    • A multiple comparison procedure for comparing several treatments with a control
    • Dunnett, C.W. A Multiple Comparison Procedure for Comparing Several Treatments with a Control. Journal of the American Statistical Association 1955, 50, 1096-1129.
    • (1955) Journal of the American Statistical Association , vol.50 , pp. 1096-1129
    • Dunnett, C.W.1
  • 26
    • 0027317642 scopus 로고
    • Problems in developmental toxicology caused by incorrect use of terminology
    • Christian, M.S. Problems in Developmental Toxicology Caused by Incorrect Use of Terminology. Journal of the American College of Toxicology 1993, 12, 323-328.
    • (1993) Journal of the American College of Toxicology , vol.12 , pp. 323-328
    • Christian, M.S.1
  • 27
    • 0001651586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive indices, fetal gross, visceral and skeletal alterations, sexual maturation, passive avoidance and water maze data, a comparison of results in CD(SD)IGS Rats and CD(SD) rats
    • Matsuzawa, T., Inoue, H., Eds.; CD(SD)IGS Study Group: Yokohama
    • Barnett, Jr. J.F.; Lewis, D.; Tappen, A.; Hoberman, A.M.; Christian, M.S. Reproductive Indices, Fetal Gross, Visceral and Skeletal Alterations, Sexual Maturation, Passive Avoidance and Water Maze Data, a Comparison of Results in CD(SD)IGS Rats and CD(SD) Rats. In Biological Reference Data on CD(SD)IGS-2000; Matsuzawa, T., Inoue, H., Eds.; CD(SD)IGS Study Group: Yokohama, 2000, 159-173.
    • (2000) Biological Reference Data on CD(SD)IGS-2000 , pp. 159-173
    • Barnett J.F., Jr.1    Lewis, D.2    Tappen, A.3    Hoberman, A.M.4    Christian, M.S.5
  • 28
    • 0010586713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of developmental indices between Crj:CD(SD)IGS rats and Crj:CD(SD) rats
    • Matsuzawa T, Inoue H, Eds.; CD(SD)IGS Study Group, Yokohama
    • Kai, S.; Kohmura, H. Comparison of Developmental Indices Between Crj:CD(SD)IGS Rats and Crj:CD(SD) Rats. In Biological reference data on CD(SD)IGS-1999, Matsuzawa T, Inoue H, Eds.; CD(SD)IGS Study Group, Yokohama, 1999, 157-167.
    • (1999) Biological reference data on CD(SD)IGS-1999 , pp. 157-167
    • Kai, S.1    Kohmura, H.2
  • 30
    • 0020448619 scopus 로고
    • Dietary arginine and sexual maturation of the female rat
    • Pau, M.Y.; Milner, J.A. Dietary Arginine and Sexual Maturation of the Female Rat. J. Nutr. 1982, 112, 1834-1842.
    • (1982) J. Nutr. , vol.112 , pp. 1834-1842
    • Pau, M.Y.1    Milner, J.A.2
  • 31
    • 0023280589 scopus 로고
    • Gonadal-independent activation of enhanced afternoon luteinizing hormone release during pubertal development in the female rat
    • Urbanski, H.F.; Ojeda, S.R. Gonadal-Independent Activation of Enhanced Afternoon Luteinizing Hormone Release During Pubertal Development in the Female Rat. Endocrinology 1987, 121, 907-913.
    • (1987) Endocrinology , vol.121 , pp. 907-913
    • Urbanski, H.F.1    Ojeda, S.R.2
  • 32
    • 0025136778 scopus 로고
    • Effects of ethanol during the onset of female puberty
    • Dees, W.L.; Skelley, C.W. Effects of Ethanol During the Onset of Female Puberty. Neuroendocrinology 1990, 51, 64-69.
    • (1990) Neuroendocrinology , vol.51 , pp. 64-69
    • Dees, W.L.1    Skelley, C.W.2
  • 33
    • 0026697577 scopus 로고
    • Effect of hypothalamic lesions that induce precocious puberty on the morphological and functional maturation of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone neuronal system
    • Junier, M.P.; Wolff, A.; Hoffman, G.E.; Ma, Y.J.; Ojeda, S.R. Effect of Hypothalamic Lesions that Induce Precocious Puberty on the Morphological and Functional Maturation of the Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Neuronal System. Endocrinology 1992, 131, 787-798.
    • (1992) Endocrinology , vol.131 , pp. 787-798
    • Junier, M.P.1    Wolff, A.2    Hoffman, G.E.3    Ma, Y.J.4    Ojeda, S.R.5
  • 34
    • 0027198197 scopus 로고
    • Ethanol alters N-methyl-DL-aspartic Acid-Induced secretion of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone and the onset of puberty in the female rat
    • Nyberg, C.L.; Hiney, J.K.; Minks, J.B.; Dees, W.L. Ethanol Alters N-methyl-DL-aspartic Acid-Induced Secretion of Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone and the Onset of Puberty in the Female Rat. Neuroendocrinology 1993, 57, 863-868.
    • (1993) Neuroendocrinology , vol.57 , pp. 863-868
    • Nyberg, C.L.1    Hiney, J.K.2    Minks, J.B.3    Dees, W.L.4
  • 35
    • 0028243843 scopus 로고
    • A critical period for glutamate receptor-mediated induction of precocious puberty in female rats
    • Smyth, C.; Wilkinson, M. A Critical Period for Glutamate Receptor-Mediated Induction of Precocious Puberty in Female Rats. J. Neuroendocrinol. 1994, 6, 275-284.
    • (1994) J. Neuroendocrinol. , vol.6 , pp. 275-284
    • Smyth, C.1    Wilkinson, M.2
  • 36
    • 0028098837 scopus 로고
    • Growth Hormone (GH) deprivation induced by passive immunization against rat GH-releasing factor does not disturb the course of sexual maturation and fertility in the female rat
    • Gruaz, N.M.; Arsenijevic, Y.; Wehrenberg, W.B.; Sizonenko, P.C.; Aubert, M.L. Growth Hormone (GH) Deprivation Induced by Passive Immunization Against Rat GH-Releasing Factor does not Disturb the Course of Sexual Maturation and Fertility in the Female Rat. Endocrinology 1994, 135, 509-519.
    • (1994) Endocrinology , vol.135 , pp. 509-519
    • Gruaz, N.M.1    Arsenijevic, Y.2    Wehrenberg, W.B.3    Sizonenko, P.C.4    Aubert, M.L.5
  • 37
    • 0028925181 scopus 로고
    • Chronic administration of neuropeptide Y into the lateral ventricle starting at 30 days of life delays sexual maturation in the female rat
    • Pierroz, D.D.; Gruaz, N.M.; d'Alieves, V.; Aubert, M.L. Chronic Administration of Neuropeptide Y into the Lateral Ventricle Starting at 30 Days of Life Delays Sexual Maturation in the Female Rat. Neuroendocrinology 1995, 61, 293-300.
    • (1995) Neuroendocrinology , vol.61 , pp. 293-300
    • Pierroz, D.D.1    Gruaz, N.M.2    D'Alieves, V.3    Aubert, M.L.4
  • 39
    • 0018958074 scopus 로고
    • Pubertal adipose tissue: Is it necessary for normal sexual maturation
    • Frish, R.E. Pubertal Adipose Tissue: is it Necessary for Normal Sexual Maturation. Federation Proceedings 1980, 39, 2395-2400.
    • (1980) Federation Proceedings , vol.39 , pp. 2395-2400
    • Frish, R.E.1
  • 40
    • 0021433335 scopus 로고
    • Body fat, puberty and fertility
    • Frish, R.E. Body Fat, Puberty and Fertility. Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc. 1984, 59, 161-188.
    • (1984) Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc. , vol.59 , pp. 161-188
    • Frish, R.E.1
  • 41
    • 0010614813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocrinology of sex differentiation and development
    • Prentice-Hall Inc.: New Jersey
    • Hadley, M.E. Endocrinology of Sex Differentiation and Development. In Endocrinology, 4th Ed.; Prentice-Hall Inc.: New Jersey, 1996; 370-391.
    • (1996) Endocrinology, 4th Ed. , pp. 370-391
    • Hadley, M.E.1
  • 42
    • 0023387884 scopus 로고
    • Body fat, menarche, fitness and fertility
    • Frisch, R.E. Body Fat, Menarche, Fitness and Fertility. Hum. Reprod. 1987, 2, 521-533.
    • (1987) Hum. Reprod. , vol.2 , pp. 521-533
    • Frisch, R.E.1
  • 43
    • 0019223908 scopus 로고
    • Delayed menarche and amenorrhea in ballet dancers
    • Frisch, R.E.; Wyshak, G.; Vincent, L. Delayed Menarche and Amenorrhea in Ballet Dancers. N. Engl. J. Med. 1980, 303, 17-19.
    • (1980) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.303 , pp. 17-19
    • Frisch, R.E.1    Wyshak, G.2    Vincent, L.3
  • 44
    • 0022409423 scopus 로고
    • Body weight and the initiation of puberty
    • Baker, E.R. Body Weight and the Initiation of Puberty. Clin. Obstret. Gynecol. 1985, 28, 573-579.
    • (1985) Clin. Obstret. Gynecol. , vol.28 , pp. 573-579
    • Baker, E.R.1
  • 45
    • 0023126788 scopus 로고
    • Sexual maturation in underfed weight-matched rats. A test of the "critical body weight" theory of pubertal timing in males
    • Glass, A.R.; Anderson, J.; Herbert, D. Sexual Maturation in Underfed Weight-Matched Rats. A Test of the "Critical Body Weight" Theory of Pubertal Timing in Males. Journal of Andrology 1987, 8, 116-122.
    • (1987) Journal of Andrology , vol.8 , pp. 116-122
    • Glass, A.R.1    Anderson, J.2    Herbert, D.3
  • 46
    • 0018330385 scopus 로고
    • Body fat at puberty in rats: Alteration by changes in diet
    • Glass, A.R.; Dahms, W.T.; Swerdloff, R.S. Body Fat at Puberty in Rats: Alteration by Changes in Diet. Pedriatr. Res. 1979, 13, 7-9.
    • (1979) Pedriatr. Res. , vol.13 , pp. 7-9
    • Glass, A.R.1    Dahms, W.T.2    Swerdloff, R.S.3
  • 47
    • 0021396649 scopus 로고
    • Relation between body weight, growth rate, chronological age and puberty in male and female rats
    • Aguilar, E.; Pinilla, L.; Guisado, R.; Gonzalez, D.; Lopez, F. Relation Between Body Weight, Growth Rate, Chronological Age and Puberty in Male and Female Rats. Revista Española de Fisiologia 1984, 40, 83-86.
    • (1984) Revista Española de Fisiologia , vol.40 , pp. 83-86
    • Aguilar, E.1    Pinilla, L.2    Guisado, R.3    Gonzalez, D.4    Lopez, F.5
  • 48
    • 0034751338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Puberty in female mice is not associated with increases in either body fat or leptin
    • Bronson, F.H. Puberty in Female Mice is not Associated with Increases in Either Body Fat or Leptin. Endocrinology 2001, 142, 4758-4761.
    • (2001) Endocrinology , vol.142 , pp. 4758-4761
    • Bronson, F.H.1
  • 49
    • 0032558725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin and the regulation of body weight in mammals
    • Friedman, J.M.; Halaas, J.L. Leptin and the Regulation of Body Weight in Mammals. Nature 1998, 395, 763-770.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.395 , pp. 763-770
    • Friedman, J.M.1    Halaas, J.L.2
  • 50
    • 0031014413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early onset of reproductive function in normal female mice treated with leptin
    • Chehab, F.; Mounzih, K.; Lu, R.; Lim, M.E. Early Onset of Reproductive Function in Normal Female Mice Treated with Leptin. Science 1997, 275, 88-90.
    • (1997) Science , vol.275 , pp. 88-90
    • Chehab, F.1    Mounzih, K.2    Lu, R.3    Lim, M.E.4
  • 52
    • 20644445189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin and reproduction
    • Clark, I.J.; Henry, B.A. Leptin and Reproduction. Rev. Reprod. 1999, 4, 48-55.
    • (1999) Rev. Reprod. , vol.4 , pp. 48-55
    • Clark, I.J.1    Henry, B.A.2
  • 54
    • 0033994919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin acts centrally to induce the prepubertal secretion of luteinizing hormone in the female rat
    • Dearth, R.K.; Hiney, J.K.; Dees, W.L. Leptin Acts Centrally to Induce the Prepubertal Secretion of Luteinizing Hormone in the Female Rat. Peptides 2000, 21, 387-392.
    • (2000) Peptides , vol.21 , pp. 387-392
    • Dearth, R.K.1    Hiney, J.K.2    Dees, W.L.3
  • 55
    • 0034933072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A reassessment of Leptin's role in triggering the onset of puberty in the rat and mouse
    • Cheung, C.C.; Thornton, J.E.; Nurani, S.D.; Clifton, D.K.; Steiner, R.A. A Reassessment of Leptin's Role in Triggering the Onset of Puberty in the Rat and Mouse. Neuroendocrinology 2001, 74, 12-21.
    • (2001) Neuroendocrinology , vol.74 , pp. 12-21
    • Cheung, C.C.1    Thornton, J.E.2    Nurani, S.D.3    Clifton, D.K.4    Steiner, R.A.5
  • 56
    • 0023182797 scopus 로고
    • Maternal factors in developmental toxicity
    • DeSesso, J.M. Maternal Factors in Developmental Toxicity. Teratog. Carcinog. Mutagen. 1987, 7, 225-240.
    • (1987) Teratog. Carcinog. Mutagen. , vol.7 , pp. 225-240
    • DeSesso, J.M.1
  • 57
    • 0023838056 scopus 로고
    • Maternal age as a factor in determining the reproductive and behavioral outcome of rats prenatally exposed to ethanol
    • Vorhees, C.V. Maternal Age as a Factor in Determining the Reproductive and Behavioral Outcome of Rats Prenatally Exposed to Ethanol. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 1988, 10, 23-34.
    • (1988) Neurotoxicol. Teratol. , vol.10 , pp. 23-34
    • Vorhees, C.V.1
  • 58
    • 26844464832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rationale for culling of rodent litters
    • Agnish, N.D.; Keller, K.A. The Rationale for Culling of Rodent Litters. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 1997, 38, 2-6.
    • (1997) Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. , vol.38 , pp. 2-6
    • Agnish, N.D.1    Keller, K.A.2
  • 60
    • 0021443391 scopus 로고
    • Postnatal litter size effects on growth and reproduction in rats
    • Azzam, S.M.; Nielson, M.K.; Dickerson, G.E. Postnatal Litter Size Effects on Growth and Reproduction in Rats. Journal of Animal Science 1984, 58, 1337-1342.
    • (1984) Journal of Animal Science , vol.58 , pp. 1337-1342
    • Azzam, S.M.1    Nielson, M.K.2    Dickerson, G.E.3
  • 61
    • 0023713236 scopus 로고
    • Effects of prenatal and postnatal fraternity size on long-term reproduction in mice
    • Kirkpatrick, B.W.; Arias, J.A.; Rutledge, J.J. Effects of Prenatal and Postnatal Fraternity Size on Long-Term Reproduction in Mice. Journal of Animal Science 1988, 66, 62-69.
    • (1988) Journal of Animal Science , vol.66 , pp. 62-69
    • Kirkpatrick, B.W.1    Arias, J.A.2    Rutledge, J.J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.