Autonomic effects of some scorpion venoms and toxins

Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology

Volumn 29, Issue 9, 2002, Pages 795-801

  Gwee, Matthew C E ^a,b   Nirthanan, Selvanayagam ^a,b   Khoo, Hoon Eng ^a   Gopalakrishnakone, Ponnampalam ^a   Kini, R Manjunatha ^a   Cheah, Li Sam ^a  

^a NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE   (Singapore)

^b NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE   (Singapore)

Author keywords

Acetylcholine; Adrenergic; Cholinergic; Ion channel toxins; Neurotransmission scorpion toxins; Nitrergic; Noradrenaline

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCHOLINE; ALPHA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; AMINO ACID; BUKATOXIN; MAKATOXIN 1; NEUROTRANSMITTER; NORADRENALIN; POTASSIUM CHANNEL; SCORPION VENOM; SODIUM CHANNEL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANOCOCCYGEUS MUSCLE; ARTICLE; ASIA; BUTHUS MARTENSI; CHINA; CHOLINERGIC ACTIVITY; ENVENOMATION; HETEROMETRUS LONGIMANUS; HETEROMETRUS SPINIFER; HORMONE DETERMINATION; LEIURUS QUINQUESTRIATUS QUINQUESTRIATUS; MESOBUTHUS TAMULUS; NERVE CONDUCTION; NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE; NONHUMAN; NORADRENERGIC SYSTEM; SCORPION; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY; TOXICITY;

ACETYLCHOLINE; ANIMALS; ARACHNIDISM; AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; HUMANS; NEUROTOXINS; NOREPINEPHRINE; POTASSIUM CHANNELS; SCORPION VENOMS; SCORPIONS; SODIUM CHANNELS;

EID: 0036379772     PISSN: 03051870     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1681.2002.03726.x     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Cloudsley-Thompson JL. Scorpions in mythology, folklore and history. In: Polis GA (ed.). The Biology of Scorpions. Stanford University Press, California. 1990; Ch. 12.
2. Cloudsley-Thompson JL. Infamous species scorpions. Biologist 1992; 39: 206-11.
3. Gwee MCE, Gopalakrishnakone P, Cheah LS, Wong PTH, Gong JP, Kini RM. Studies on venom from the Black scorpion Heterometrus longimanus and some other scorpion species. J. Toxicol. Tox. Rev. 1996; 15: 37-57.
4. + channels. Eur. J. Biochem. 1999; 264: 287-300.
5. Hille B. Ionic Channels of Excitable Membranes. Sinauer Associates, Massachusetts. 1992.
6. Harvey AL. Scorpion envenoming: An introduction. Toxicon 1994; 32: 1007.
7. Garcia ML, Gao Y, McManus OB, Kaczorowski GJ. Potassium channels: From scorpion venoms to high-resolution structure. Toxicon 2001; 39: 739-48.
8. Simard JM, Watt DD. Venoms and toxins. In: Polis GA (ed.). The Biology of Scorpions. Stanford University Press, California. 1990; Ch. 10.
9. + channel alpha subunit. J. Biol. Chem. 1996; 271: 15 950-62.
10. Cestele S, Qu Y, Rogers JC, Rochat H, Scheuer T, Catterall WA. Voltage sensor-trapping: Enhanced activation of sodium channels by beta-scorpion toxin bound to the S3-S4 loop in domain II. Neuron 1998; 21: 919-31.
11. Strong PN. Potassium channel toxins. Pharmacol. Ther. 1990; 46: 137-62.
12. Bawaskar HS, Bawaskar PH. Scorpion sting. A review of 121 cases. J. Wild. Med. 1991; 2: 164-9.
13. Gueron M, Yarom R. Cardiovascular manifestations of severe scorpion sting. Chest 1970; 57: 156-62.
14. Gueron M, Adolph RJ, Grupp II, Gabel M, Grupp G, Fowler NO. Haemodynamic and myocardial consequences of scorpion venom. Am. J. Cardiol. 1980; 45: 979-86.
15. Ismail M. The scorpion envenoming syndrome. Toxicon 1995; 33: 825-58.
16. Gillespie JS. The physiology and pharmacology of the anococcygeus muscle. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 1980; 1: 453-7.
17. Gibson A, McFadzean I. Biology of the anococcygeus muscle. Int. Rev. Cytol. 2001; 205: 1-35.
18. Gwee MC, Cheah LS, Gopalakrishnakone P, Wong PT. Prejunctional action of the venom from the Indian red scorpion Mesobuthus tamulus on adrenergic transmissionin vitro. Toxicon 1994; 32: 201-9.
19. Gwee MCE, Cheah LS, Gopalakrishnakone P. Involvement of the L-arginine-nitric oxide synthase pathway in the relaxant responses of the rat isolated anococcygeus muscle to a scorpion (Leiurus quinquestriatus quinquestriatus) venom. Toxicon 1995; 33: 1141-50.
20. Song DX, Lu XX, Shang JW. Morphology, habits and characteristics of the scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch. Bull. Biol. 1982; 1: 22-5 (in Chinese).
21. Shih YL, Xu YZ, Xu K. Action of scorpion (Buthus martensi Karsch) venom on rat nerve and skeletal muscle. Acta Physiol. Sin. 1982; 34: 428-33.
22. Qi H, Zhong GG, Chen L, Jiang Y, Wei JJ. Sodium channel blocking effect of scorpion (Buthus martensi Karsch) venom on cultured mouse myocardiocytes. Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 1993; 14: 361-4.
23. Gong JP, Gwee MCE, Gopalakrishnakone P. Buthus martensi Karsch venom: Prejunctional adrenergic activity in the rat isolated anococcygeus muscle. Toxicon 1995; 33: 1133-9.
24. Gong JP, Gwee MCE, Gopalakrishnakone P, Kini RM, Chung MC. Adrenergic and nitrergic responses of the rat isolated anococcygeus muscle to a new toxin (makatoxin I) from the venom of the scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch. J. Auton. Pharmacol. 1997; 17: 129-35.
25. Gong JP, Kini RM, Gwee MCE, Gopalakrishnakone P, Chung MCM. Makatoxin I, a novel toxin isolated from the venom of the scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch, exhibits nitregic actions. J. Biol. Chem. 1997; 272: 8320-4.
26. 56 loop. FEBS Lett. 2001; 494: 145-9.
27. Gopalakrishnakone P, Cheah J, Gwee MCE. Black scorpion (Heterometrus longimanus) as a laboratory animal: Maintenance of a colony of scorpions for milking of venom for research, using a restraining device. Lab. Anim. 1995; 29: 456-8.
28. Gopalakrishnakone P, Gwee MCE, Wong PTH. The black scorpion (Heterometrus longimanus): Structure of the venom secreting apparatus. J. Nat. Toxins 1995; 4: 1-18.
29. Gwee MCE, Wong PTH, Gopalakrishnakone P, Cheah LS, Low KY. The black scorpion Heterometrus longimanus: Pharmacological and biochemical investigation of the venom. Toxicon 1993; 31: 1305-14.
30. Nirthanan S, Joseph JS, Gopalakrishnakone P, Khoo HE, Cheah LS, Gwee MCE. Biochemical and pharmacological characterization of the venom of the black scorpion (Heterometrus spinifer). Biochem. Pharmacol. 2002; 63: 49-55.
31. Martin-Eauclaire MF, Couraud F. Scorpion neurotoxins. Effects and mechanisms. In: Chang LW, Dyer RS (eds). Handbook of Neurotoxicology. Marcel Dekker, New York. 1995; Ch. 22.
32. Welsh JH. Composition and mode of action of some invertebrate venoms. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. 1964; 4: 293-304.
33. McCormick SJ, Polis GA. Prey, predators and parasites. In: Polis GA (ed.). The Biology of Scorpions. Stanford University Press, California. 1990; Ch. 7.
34. Habermann E. Bee and wasp venoms. Science 1972; 177: 314-22.
35. Vasantha N, Venkatachari SAT, Murali Mohan P, Sasira Babu B. On the acetylcholine content in the scorpion Heterometrus fulvipes. Experientia 1975; 25: 821-2.
36. Venkatachari SAT, Devarajulu Naidu V. Choline esterase activity in the nervous system and innervated organs of the scorpion Heterometrus fulvipes C. Koch. Experientia 1969; 31: 451-2.
37. Welsh JH. Acetylcholine in snake venoms. In: Russel FE, Saunders PR (eds). Animal Toxins. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 1967; Ch. 1.
38. Early SL, Michaelis EK. Presence of proteins and glutamate as major constituents of the venom of the spider Araneus gemma. Toxicon 1987; 25: 433-42.
39. Bhaskaran Nair R, Kurup PA. Investigations on the venom of the South Indian scorpion Heterometrus scaber. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1975; 381: 165-74.