Deep seabed mining: Past failures and future prospects

Marine Georesources and Geotechnology

Volumn 20, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 161-176

  Glasby, G P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO   (Japan)

Author keywords

Deep sea mining; Manganese crusts; Manganese nodules; Submarine hydrothermal deposits

Indexed keywords

HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; MANGANESE DEPOSITS; METALS; MINING;

SEAMOUNTS;

MARINE ENGINEERING;

DEEP SEA; HYDROTHERMAL DEPOSIT; MANGANESE NODULE; MINING; SEAMOUNT;

EID: 0036328346     PISSN: 1064119X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/03608860290051859     Document Type: Article

References (124)

1. Deep-seabed polymetallic nodule exploration: Development of environmental guidelines
2. Fazies and chemische Zusammensetzung rezenter Ausfällungen aus Mineralquellen im Roten Meer
3. Marine mineral exploration examples
4. Sea-floor massive sulfide deposits from 21°N, East Pacific Rise; Juan de Fuca Ridge; and Galapagos Rift: Bulk chemical composition and economic implications
5. Contribution à l'étude des nodules polymétalliques de la zone clarion-clipperton
6. Metalliferous sediments of the seabed: The Atlantis-II-deep deposits of the Red Sea
7. Megabenthic recolonization in an experimentally disturbed abyssal manganese nodule area
8. Marine hard mineral resources
9. Seabed materials
10. Deep-ocean mining issues and Ocean Mining Working Group (OMWG)
11. Deep seabed mining environment: Preliminary engineering and environmental assessment
12. Manganese nodules: Controversy upon controversy
13. Part I: An evaluation of manganese nodules and cobalt-rich crusts in South Pacific exclusive economic zones: Nodules and crusts in and adjacent to the Cook Islands (the Aitutaki-Jarvis transect)
14. An evaluation of manganese nodules and cobalt-rich crusts in South Pacific exclusive economic zones: Part 2. Nodules and crusts in and adjacent to the EEZ of the Phoenix Islands
15. An evaluation of manganese nodules and cobalt-rich crusts in South Pacific exclusive economic zones. Part 3. Nodules and crusts in and adjacent to the EEZ of Tuvulu (Ellice Islands)
16. Indian polymetallic nodule programme
17. German activities in the field of nodules
18. Die Fahrten des Forschungsschiffes "Valdivia," 1971 1978 Geowissenschaftliche Ergebnisse
19. Manganknollenbergbau-Realität oder Vision
20. Where are the large hydrothermal deposits in the oceans?
21. The three-million-tons-per-year manganese module "mine site": An optim stic assumption?
22. Marine minerals in the Pacific
23. Manganese: Predominant role of nodules and crust
24. Manganese deposits of the Southwestern Pacific Basin
25. Submarine hydrothermal mineralization on the Izu-Bonin Arc, South of Japan: An overview
26. The metallic minerals of the Pacific seafloor
27. Cobalt-rich and platinum-bering manganese crust deposits on seamounts: Nature, formation, and metal potential
28. Kobaltreiche und platinhaltige Mangankrusten auf submarinen Bergen im zentralen Pazifik-fors-chungsergebnisse des Midpac-Projektes
29. A study on economics of development of deep-seabed manganese nodules
30. Innovative deep ocean mining concept based on flexible riser and self-propelled mining machines
31. Ferromanganese deposits of the deep sea
32. Cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts: Global distribution, composition, origin, and research activities
33. Central Pacific cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts: Historical perspective and regional variability
34. Cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts from the Pacific
35. Economic potential of sea-floor massive sulphide deposits: Ancient and modern
36. Polymetallic massive sulfides at the seafloor: A review
37. Polymetallic massive sulfides and gold mineralization at mid-ocean ridges and in subduction-related environments
38. Current status of deep-sea mineral resources development in Japan
39. Basic results and prosects for COMRA's activities in the area
40. Manganese nodule project economics factors related to the Pacific region
41. Ferromanganese nodules from the Central Indian Ocean Basin
42. Summary of the Japanese environmental study for manganese nodules development
43. Deep ocean resource development program of Korea
44. Mineral resources of the world oceans-Their importance in the 21st century
45. First investigation of massive ferromanganese crusts in the NE Atlantic in comparison with hydrogenetic Pacific occurrences
46. AFERNOD prospecting methods for polymetallic nodules suvey
47. New scenarios of the world metal markets and the eventual contribution from deep sea mining
48. Hard minerals from the sea bed
49. Polymetallic nodules of the deep sea: 30 years of activities around the world
50. A comparison of possible economic returns from mining deep-sea polymetallic nodules, polymetallic massive sulfides and cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts
51. Impacts of metal substitutes and technology progress on prospects for deep sea-bed minerals commercial mining
52. Seabed minerals and the Law of the Sea
53. A special issue on the Voisey's Bay Ni-Cu-Co deposit, Labrador, Canada
54. Industry, research, and government
55. Chemistry and growth history of Central Pacific Mn-crusts and their economic importance
56. Marine cobalt resources
57. Economic viability of manganese nodule mining in India
58. The law of the Sea
59. Polymetallic nodules-Prospects for commercial exploitation
60. Marine mining in Britain
61. Manganese nodules: A further resource to meet mineral requirements
62. Manganese nodules on the sea floor: Inverse correlation between grade and abundance
63. Economic aspects of nodule mining
64. Identification of technologic gaps in exploration of marine ferromanganese deposits
65. Resource estimates of the Clarion-Clipperton manganese deposits
66. Economic interest of hydrothermal deposits: The Atlantis II project
67. Indian polymetallic nodule programme
68. Deep sea mining: A new era
69. Resource potential of hydrothermal activity on the East Pacific Rise (8°N-14°N)
70. Summary of the Japanese environmental study for deep-sea mining
71. Commercial recovery of deep seabed manganese nodules: Twenty years of accomplishments
72. Third dimension of a presently forming VMS deposit: TAG hydrothermal mound, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 26°N
73. Submarine epithermal gold mineralization near Lihir island, New Ireland fore-arc, Papua New Guinea
74. The offshore mineral resources of the Cook Islands
75. Hydrothermal mineralization at oceanic ridges
76. Marine minerals at the new millennium
77. A special issue on sea-floor hydrothermal mineralization: New perspectives
78. The approaching maturity of deep ocean mining-the pace quickens
79. Hydrothermal mineralization in the Red Sea
80. Submarine hydrothermal systems and deposits
81. Design of flexible configuration nodule pilot plants in the context of evolving metal markets
82. Indian Deep-Sea Environment Experiment (INDEX): A study for environmental impact of deep seabed mining in Central Indian Ocean
83. Exploration inputs for exploitation of manganese nodules in Central Indian Basin
84. Selection of test and reference areas for the Indian Deepsea Environmental Experiment (INDEX)
85. Nodule mining-three miles deep!
86. Present-day significance of deep-sea mineral resources development
87. The quest for lower costs is killing metal prices
88. Perspectives for mineral exploration in the 21st century
89. Deep ocean mining reconsidered a study of the manganese nodules deposits in the Cook Islands
90. Economic assessment and review of the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
91. Enrichments of platinum-group elements in hydrogenous, diagenetic and hydrothermal marine manganese and iron deposits
92. From MEDESA to DISCOL: A new approach to deep-sea mining risk assessments
93. Environmental impact studies for the mining of polymetallic nodules from the deep sea
94. The German environmental impact research for manganese nodule mining in the SE Pacific Ocean
95. The ecological impacts of the Joint U.S.-Russian benthic impact experiment
96. Manganknollenforschung im Pazifischen Ozean
97. The limit to growth: A mistake in the forecast of mineral availability
98. R. C. V. air-lift mining
99. Manganese nodule design concepts
100. Innovations in marine ferromanganese oxide tailings disposal
101. Japan's ocean test of the nodule mining system
102. Distribution characteristics of Co-rich manganese deposits on a seamount in the central Pacific
103. Morphological features of Co-rich manganese deposits and their relation to seabed slopes
104. Tracing collector passes and preliminary analysis of collector operation
105. New era for China manganese nodule mining: Summary of last five years' research activities and perspectives
106. The regional and local variability of spatial distribution of cobalt-bearing ferromanganese crust accumulations in the world ocean