Sedimentology of the upper Karoo fluvial strata in the Tuli Basin, South Africa

Journal of African Earth Sciences

Volumn 33, Issue 3-4, 2001, Pages 605-629

  Bordy, Emese M ^a   Catuneanu, Octavian ^b  

^a RHODES UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Ephemeral fluvial system; Flash floods; Semi arid climate

Indexed keywords

FLASH FLOOD; FLUVIAL DEPOSIT; KAROO SUPERGROUP; PALEOCLIMATE; PALEOENVIRONMENT; SANDSTONE; STRATIGRAPHY;

SOUTH AFRICA;

EID: 0036313032     PISSN: 08995362     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/s0899-5362(01)00090-2     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Allen, J.R.L., Williams, B.P.J., 1979. Interfluvial drainage on Siluro-Devonian alluvial plains in Wales and the Welsh Borders. Journal of the Geological Society of London 136, 361-366.
2. Ashley, G.M., 1990. Classification of large-scale subaqueous bedforms: a new look at an old problem. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 60, 160-172.
3. Baird, A. J., 1997. Overland flow generation and sediment mobilisation by water. In: Thomas, D.S.G. (Ed.), Arid Zone Geomorphology: Process, Form and Change in Drylands, second ed. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 166-184.
4. Bordy, E.M., 2000. Sedimentology of the Karoo Supergroup in the Tuli Basin (Limpopo River area, South Africa). Ph.D. thesis, Rhodes University, South Africa.
5. Botha, B.J.V., 1968. The stratigraphy of the Red Beds Stage, Karoo System, at Elliot. C.P. Transactions Geological Society of South Africa 71, 101-113.
6. Burke, K.C.A., Dewey, J.F., 1973. Plume-generated triple junctions: key indicators in applying plate tectonics to old rocks. Journal of Geology 86, 406-433.
7. Catuneanu, O., Hancox, P.J., Rubidge, B.S., 1998. Reciprocal flexural behaviour and contrasting stratigraphies: a new basin development model for the Karoo retroarc foreland system, South Africa. Basin Research 10, 417-439.
8. Catuneanu, O., Kun-Jager, E., Rubidge, B.S., Hancox, P.J., 1999. Lateral changes of the Dwyka facies: implications for the initiation of the Cape Orogeny and the associated Karoo foreland system. Abstracts of proceedings, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Annual Meeting, April 11-14, San Antonio, TX.
9. Chidley, C.M., 1985. The geology of the country around Evangelina and Pontdrift (1:50,000 sheets 2228BD and 2229A). South African Geological Survey Report, Pietersburg, South Africa.
10. Cooper, M.R., 1980. The first record of the Prosauropod dinosaur (Euskelosaurus) from Zimbabwe. Arnoldia 9 (3), 1-17.
11. Demicco, R.V., Kordesch, E.G., 1986. Facies sequences of a semi-arid closed basin: the Lower-Jurassic East Berlin Formation of the Hartford Basin, New England, USA. Sedimentology 33, 107-118.
12. Dreyer, T., 1993. Quantified fluvial architecture in ephemeral stream deposits of the Esplugafreda Formation (Palaeocene), TrempGraus Basin, northern Spain. International Association of Sedimentology Special Publication 17, 337-362.
13. Duguid, K., 1975. Dwyka and Ecca sedimentation in the Karoo basin of the Sabi Valley, and its tectonic control. Detritus Mennell Society Journal, University of Rhodesia, 22-37.
14. Eriksson, P.G., 1985. The depositional environment of the Elliot Formation in the Natal Drakensberg and north-east Orange Free State. Transactions Geological Society of South Africa 88, 19-26.
15. Farrell, K.M., 1987. Sedimentology and facies architecture of overbank deposits, of the Mississippi River, False River Region, Louisiana. In: Ethridge, F.G., Flores, R.M. (Eds.), Recent Developments in Fluvial Sedimentology, Special Publication 39. Society Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, pp. 111-120.
16. Friend, P.F., 1978. Distinctive features of some ancient river systems. In: Miall, A.D. (Ed.), Fluvial Sedimentology, Memoir 5. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, pp. 531-542.
17. Frostick, L.E., Reid, I., Layman, J.T., 1983. Changing size distribution of suspended sediment in arid-zone flash floods. In: Collinson, J.D., Lewin, J. (Eds.), Modern and Ancient Fluvial Systems, Special Publication 6. International Association of Sedimentology, pp. 97-106.
18. Geological Map, Beit Bridge, 1957. Scale 1:250,000, Sheet 2228. Geological Survey of South Africa, Department of Mines, Union of South Africa.
19. Groenewald, P.B., Grantham, G.H., Watkeys, M.K., 1991. Geological evidence for a Proterozoic to Mesozoic link between southeastern Africa and Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Journal of the Geological Society of London 148, 1115-1123.
20. Hartley, A.J., 1993. Sedimentological response of an alluvial system to source area tectonism: the Seilao Member of the Late Cretaceous to Eocene Purilactis Formation of northern Chile. International Association of Sedimentology Special Publication 17, 489-500.
21. Johnson, M.R., Van Vauuren, C.J., Hegenberger, W.F., Key, R., Shoko, U., 1996. Stratigraphy of the Karoo Supergroup in southern Africa: an overview. Journal of African Earth Sciences 23 (1), 3-15.
22. Karcz, I., 1972. Sedimentary structures formed by flash floods in southern Israel. Sedimentary Geology 7, 161-182.
23. Kelly, S.B., Olsen, H., 1993. Terminal fans - a review with references to Devonian examples. Sedimentary Geology 85, 339-374.
24. Kitching, J.W., Raath, M.A., 1984. Fossils from the Elliot and Clarens Formations (Karoo Sequence) of the northeastern Cape, Orange Free State and Lesotho, and a suggested biozonation based on tetrapods. Palæontologia Africana 25, 111-125.
25. Knighton, D., Nanson, G., 1997. Distinctiveness, diversity and uniqueness in arid zone river systems. In: Thomas, D.S.G. (Ed.), Arid Zone Geomorphology: Process, Form and Change in Drylands, second ed. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 185-203.
26. Lucchitta, I., Suneson, N., 1981. Flush flood in Arizona - observations and their application to the identification of flash-flood deposits in the geologic record. Geology 9, 414-418.
27. Mack, G.H., James, W.C., Monger, C.H., 1993. Classification of paleosols. Geological Society of America Bulletin 105, 129-136.
28. Miall, A.D., 1978. Lithofacies types and vertical profile models in braided river deposits: a summary. In: Miall, A.D. (Ed.), Fluvial Sedimentology, Memoir 5. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, pp. 597-604.
29. Miall, A.D., 1996. The Geology of Fluvial Deposits. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
30. Picard, M.D., High, L.R., 1973. Sedimentary structures in ephemeral streams. Developments in Sedimentology 17, 223.
31. Reid, I., Frostick, L.E., 1997. Channel form, flows and sediments in desert. In: Thomas, D.S.G. (Ed.), Arid Zone Geomorphology: Process, Form and Change in Drylands, second ed. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 205-229.
32. Rosen, M.R., 1994. The importance of groundwater in playas: a review of playa classification and the sedimentology, hydrology of playas. In: Rosen, M.R. (Ed.), Paleoclimate and Basin Evolution of Playa Systems, Special Paper 289. Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colorado, pp. 1-18.
33. Rust, I.C., 1975. Tectonic and sedimentary framework of Gondwana basins in southern Africa. In: Campbell, K.S.W. (Ed.), Gondwana Geology. Australian National University Press, Canberra, pp. 537-564.
34. Shaw, P.A., Thomas, D.S.G., 1997. Pans, playas and salt lakes. In: Thomas, D.S.G. (Ed.), Arid Zone Geomorphology: Process, Form and Change in Drylands, second ed. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 293-317.
35. Smith, R.A., 1984. The lithostratigraphy of the Karoo Supergroup in Botswana. Botswana Geological Survey Bulletin 26, 184-205.
36. Smith, R.M.H., 1995. Changing fluvial environments across the Permian-Triassic boundary in the Karoo Basin, South Africa and possible causes of tetrapod extinctions. Pateogeography, Palæoclimatology, Pakeoecology 117, 81-104.
37. Smith, R.M.H., Kitching, J., 1997. Sedimentology and vertebrate taphonomy of the Tritylodon Acme Zone: a reworked palæosol in the Lower Jurassic Elliot Formation, Karoo Supergroup, South Africa. Palæogeography, Palæoclimatology, Palæoecology 131, 29-50.
38. Sneh, A., 1984. Desert stream sequences in the Sinai Peninsula. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 53, 1271-1279.
39. Stear, W., 1985. Comparison of bedform distribution and dynamics of modern and ancient ephemeral flood deposits in the Southwestern Karoo Region, S. Africa. Sedimentary Geology 45, 209-230.
40. Steel, R.J., 1974. New Red Sandstone floodplain and piedmont sedimentation in the Hebridean Province, Scotland. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 44, 336-357.
41. Talbot, M.R, Holm, K., Williams, M.A.J., 1994. Sedimentation in low-gradient desert margin systems: a comparison of the Late Triassic of northwest Somerset (England) and the Late Quaternary of east-central Australia. Geological Society of America Special Paper 289, 97-117.
42. Thompson, A.O., 1975. The Karoo Rocks in the Mazunga Area, Beitbridge District. Short Report 40, Rhodesia Geological Survey.
43. Tirsgaard, H., Øxnevad, I.E.I., 1998. Preservation of pre-vegetational mixed fluvio-aeolian deposits in a humid climatic setting: an example from the Middle Proterozoic Eriksfjord Formation, Southwest Greenland. Sedimentary Geology 120, 295-317.
44. Tunbridge, I.P., 1984. Facies model for a sandy ephemeral stream and clay playa complex; the Middle Devonian Trentishoe Formation of North Devon, UK. Sedimentology 31, 697-715.
45. Turner, B.R., 1984. Palaeogeographic implications of braid bar deposition in the Triassic Molteno Formation of the eastern Karoo Basin, South Africa. Pateontologia Africana 25, 29-38.
46. Vail, J.R., Hornung, G., Cox, K.G., 1969. Karoo basalts of the Tuli Syncline. Rhodesia Bulletin of Volcanology 33, 398-418.
47. van der Berg, H.J., 1980. Die sedimentologie van die Soutpansberg-steenkoolveld met spesiale verwysing na steenkoolvorming. M.Sc. thesis, University of Orange Free State, Bloemfontein.
48. van Dijk, D.E., Hobday, D.K., Tankard, A.J., 1978. Permo-Triassic lacustrine deposits in the Eastern Karoo Basin, Natal, South Africa. International Association of Sedimentology 2, 225-239.
49. Visser, J.N.J., Botha, B.J.V., 1980. Meander belt, point bar, crevasse splay and aeolian deposits from the Elliot Formation in Barkly Pass, northeastern Cape. Transactions Geological Society of South Africa 83, 55-62.
50. Watkeys, M.K., 1979. Explanation of the Geological Map of the Country west of Bietbride Salisbury. Short Report 45, Rhodesia Geological Survey.
51. Watkeys, M.K., Sweeney, R.J., 1988. Tuli-Lebombo volcanism and Gondwana rifting. Extended abstracts - Geocongress '88, University of Natal, Durban, 38, pp. 725-728.
52. Williams, G.E., 1971. Flood deposits of the sand-bed ephemeral streams of central Australia. Sedimentology 17, 1-40.