Born to fear: Non-associative vs associative factors in the etiology of phobias

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Volumn 40, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 173-184

  Mineka, Susan ^a   Öhman, Arne ^b  

^a NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMNESIA; ASSOCIATION; CONDITIONING; EVOLUTION; EXPERIENCE; FEAR; HUMAN; LEARNING; MEMORY; METHODOLOGY; NONHUMAN; PHOBIA; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RECALL; RELIABILITY; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; REVIEW; THEORY;

EID: 0036135939     PISSN: 00057967     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00050-X     Document Type: Note

References (55)

1. The epidemiology of common fears and phobia
2. Conditioning, remembering, and forgetting
3. A contemporary learning theory perspective on the etiology of panic disorder
4. The development of anxiety: The role of control in the early environment
5. Second-order conditioning and overshadowing in the observational conditioning of snake fear in monkeys
6. A descriptive report of features of initial unexpected panic attacks in minimal and extensive avoiders
7. Conditioned-aversive aspects of electric shock
8. UCS inflation in the etiology of a variety of anxiety disorders: Some case histories
9. Anxiety response patterns and etiological factors in dog-fearful and non-fearful subjects
10. Nonconscious associative learning: Pavlovian conditioning of skin conductance responses to masked fear-relevant facial stimuli
11. Systemic alarms in fear conditioning I: A reappraisal of what is being conditioned
12. The role of US signal value in contingency, drug conditioning, and learned helplessness
13. Fear of water in children and adults: Etiology and familial effects
14. On the "remembrance of things past": A longitudinal evaluation of the retrospective method
15. The genetic epidemiology of phobias in women: The inter-relationship of agoraphobia, social phobia, situational phobia and simple phobia
16. Fears and phobias: Reliability and heritability
17. The emotional unconscious
18. Acquisition of blood, injury and needle fears and phobias
19. Coping with danger: The neural basis of defensive behavior and fearful feelings
20. The reality of illusory memories
21. The etiology of fear of heights and its relationship to severity and individual response patterns
22. The etiology of phobias: A non-associative account
23. The origins of height fear: An evaluation of neoconditioning explanations
24. The frightful complexity of the origins of fears
25. Immunization against the observational conditioning of snake fear in rhesus monkeys
26. Animal models of psychopathology
27. Conditioning and ethological models of social phobia
28. Conditioning and ethological models of anxiety disorders: Stress-in-dynamic-context anxiety models
29. Experimental approaches to understanding the mood and anxiety disorders
30. Fear conditioned with escapable and inescapable shock: Effects of a feedback stimulus
31. Control and early socioemotional development: Infant rhesus monkeys reared in controllable versus uncontrollable environments
32. Assessment of life events
33. An experimental analogue of fear from a sense of helplessness
34. Animal and social phobias: Biological constraints on learned fear responses
35. Emotional conditioning to masked stimuli: Expectancies for aversive outcomes following nonrecognized fear-relevant stimuli
36. Fears, phobias, and preparedness: Toward an evolved module of fear learning
37. Acquisition of phobias and anxiety response patterns in clinical patients
38. Evidence for a non-associative model of the acquisition of a fear of heights
39. Non-associative fear acquisition: A review of the evidence from retrospective and longitudinal research
40. Good teeth, bad teeth and fear of the dentist
41. The conditioning theory of fear-acquisition: A critical examination
42. The observable unconscious and the inferable conscious in current Soviet psychophysiology: Interoceptive conditioning, semantic conditioning, and the orienting reflex
43. Retrospective recall recalled
44. The cognitive neuroscience of constructive memory
45. Phobias and preparedness
46. Stability of driving fear acquisition pathways over one year
47. Childhood amnesia and the beginnings of memory for four real life events