Comparison of the ruminal metabolism of nitrogen from 15N-labeled alfalfa preserved as hay or as silage

Journal of Dairy Science

Volumn 84, Issue 12, 2001, Pages 2738-2750

  Hristov, A N ^a,c   Huhtanen, P ^b   Rode, L M ^a,d   Acharya, S N ^a   McAllister, T A ^a  

^a LETHBRIDGE RESEARCH CENTRE   (Canada)

^b ANIMAL PRODUCTION RESEARCH   (Finland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO   (United States)

^d Rosebud Technology Development Ltd   (Canada)

Author keywords

15N isotope; Alfalfa; Metabolism; Rumen

Indexed keywords

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); MEDICAGO SATIVA;

DIAGNOSTIC AGENT; NITROGEN;

ALFALFA; ANIMAL; ANIMAL FOOD; ARTICLE; CATTLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; FEMALE; FOOD HANDLING; FOOD PRESERVATION; KINETICS; METABOLISM; METHODOLOGY; RUMINANT STOMACH; SILAGE;

ANIMAL FEED; ANIMALS; CATTLE; FEMALE; FOOD HANDLING; FOOD PRESERVATION; KINETICS; MEDICAGO SATIVA; NITROGEN; NITROGEN RADIOISOTOPES; RUMEN; SILAGE;

EID: 0035751502     PISSN: 00220302     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(01)74728-5     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. 14C-labeled alfalfa in the bovine rumen. J. Dairy Sci. 48:924-929.
2. 14C-labeled alfalfa. J. Anim. Sci. 26:746-756.
3. Broadbent, F. E., and A. B. Carlton. 1980. Methodology for field trials with nitrogen-15-depleted nitrogen. J. Environ. Qual. 9:236-242.
4. Broderick, G. A. 1995. Performance of lactating dairy cows fed either alfalfa silage or alfalfa hay as the sole forage. J. Dairy Sci. 78:320-329.
5. Broderick, G. A., and J. H. Kang. 1980. Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. J. Dairy Sci. 63:64-75.
6. Brooks, P. D., J. M. Stark, B. B. McInteer, and T. Preston. 1989. Diffusion method to prepare soil extracts for automated nitrogen-15 analysis. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 53:1707-1711.
7. Buckmaster, D. R., C. A. Rotz, and D. R. Mertens. 1989. A model of alfalfa hay storage. Trans. ASAE 32:30-36.
8. Canadian Council on Animal Care. 1993. Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animals, Volume 1. 2nd ed. E. D. Olfert, B. M. Cross and A. A. McWilliam, eds. Canadian Council on Animal Care, Ottawa, ON.
9. Chen, G., J. B. Russell, and C. J. Sniffen. 1987. A procedure for measuring peptides in rumen fluid and evidence that peptide uptake can be a rate-limiting step in ruminal protein degradation. J. Dairy Sci. 70:1211-1219.
10. Cotta, M. A., and J. B. Russell. 1982. Effect of peptides and amino acids on efficiency of rumen bacterial protein synthesis in continuous culture. J. Dairy Sci. 65:226-234.
11. Craig, W. M., G. A. Broderick, and D. B. Ricker. 1987. Quantitation of microorganisms associated with the particulate phase of ruminal ingesta. J. Nutr. 117:56-62.
12. Danso, S. K. A., G. Hardarson, and F. Zapata. 1988. Dinitrogen fixation estimates in alfalfa-ryegrass swards using different nitrogen-15 labeling methods. Crop Sci. 28:106-110.
13. Dhanoa, M. S., R. C. Siddons, J. France, and D. L. Gale. 1985. A multi-compartmental model to describe marker excretion patterns in ruminant faeces. Br. J. Nutr. 53:663-671.
14. Firkins, J. L., W. P. Weiss, and E. J. Piwonka. 1992. Quantification of intraruminal recycling of microbial nitrogen using nitrogen-15. J. Anim. Sci. 70:3223-3233.
15. Goering, H. K., C. H. Gordon, R. W. Hemken, D. R. Waldo, P. J. Van Soest, and L. W. Smith. 1972. Analytical estimates of nitrogen digestibility in heat damaged forages. J. Dairy Sci. 55:1275-1280.
16. Harris, G. H., and O. B. Hesterman. 1990. Quantifying the nitrogen contribution from alfalfa to soil and two succeeding crops using nitrogen-15. Agron. J. 82:129-134.
17. Heichel, G. H., and C. P. Vance. 1979. Nitrate-N and Rhizobium strain roles in alfalfa seedling nodulation and growth. Crop Sci. 19:512-518.
18. 15N] ammonia to correct for microbial nitrogen uptake. J. Anim. Sci. 72:1344-1354.
19. Hristov, A. N., and G. A. Broderick. 1996. Ruminal microbial protein synthesis in cows fed alfalfa silage, alfalfa hay or corn silage and fitted with only ruminal cannulae. J. Dairy Sci. 79:1627-1637.
20. 15N-labeled alfalfa preserved as hay or silage. J. Anim. Sci. 76:2755. (Abstr.)
21. Hristov, A. N., M. Ivan, L. M. Rode, and T. A. McAllister. 2001. Fermentation characteristics and ruminal ciliate protozoal populations in cattle fed medium or high concentrate barley-based diets. J. Anim. Sci. 79:515-524.
22. Hristov, A. N., T. A. McAllister, and K.-J. Cheng. 1998a. Effect of dietary or abomasal supplementation of exogenous polysaccharide-degrading enzymes on rumen fermentation and nutrient digestibility. J. Anim. Sci. 76:3146-3156.
23. Hristov, A. N., T. A. McAllister, F. H. Van Herk, K.-J. Cheng, C. J. Newbold, and P. R. Cheeke. 1999. Effect of Yucca schidigera extract on rumen fermentation and nutrient digestion in heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 77:2554-2563.
24. Hristov, A. N., and S. G. Sandev. 1998. Proteolysis and rumen degradability of protein in alfalfa preserved as silage, haylage or hay. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 72:175-181.
25. Jones, B. A., R. D. Hatfield, and R. E. Muck. 1992. Effect of fermentation and bacterial inoculation on lucerne cell walls. J. Sci. Food Agric. 60:147-153.
26. 14C alfalfa for animal feeding experiments. J. Dairy Sci. 46:745-748.
27. Lowry, O. H., N. J. Rosebrough, A. L. Farr, and R. J. Randall. 1951. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193:265-275.
28. Ma, B. L., L. M. Dwyer, C. M. Preston, and D. L. Smith. 1996. Distillation solution with and without indicator for nitrogen-15 measurement by optical emission spectrometry. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 27:2775-2782.
29. McDougall, E. I. 1948. The composition and output of sheep's saliva. Biochem. J. 43:99-109.
30. Michalowski, T. 1989. The importance of protein solubility and nature of dietary nitrogen for the growth of rumen ciliates in vitro. Pages 223-232 in The Role of Protozoa and Fungi in Ruminant Digestion. J. V. Nolan, R. A. Leng, and D. I. Demeyer, eds. Penambul Books, Armidale, Australia.
31. Muck, R. E. 1987. Dry matter level effects on alfalfa silage quality I. Nitrogen transformations. Trans. ASAF. 30:7-14.
32. Muszynski, P., T. Muchalowski, and P. Szczepkowski. 1985. The influence of protein on the number of rumen ciliates Entodinium caudatum and Diplodinium affine in vitro. Acta Protozoologica 24:307-317.
33. Nolan, J. V., and R. A. Leng. 1974. Isotope techniques for studying the dynamics of nitrogen metabolism in ruminants. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 33:1-8.
34. Oldham, J. D., I. Bruckental, and A. Nissenbaum. 1980. Observations on rumen ammonia metabolism in lactating dairy cows. J. Agric. Sci. (Camb.) 95:235-238.
35. Ogimoto, K., and S. Imai. 1981. Page 157 in Atlas of Rumen Microbiology. Japan Scientific Society Press, Tokyo.
36. Peltecova, V. D., and G. A. Broderick. 1996. In vitro ruminal degradation and synthesis of protein on fractions extracted from alfalfa hay and silage. J. Dairy Sci. 79:612-619.
37. Perkin Elmer Corporation. 1976. Analytical methods for atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Perkin Elmer Corp, Norwalk, CT.
38. Petri, A., H. Müschen, G. Breves, O. Richter, and E. Pfeffer. 1988. Response of lactating goats to low phosphorus intake 2. Nitrogen transfer from the rumen ammonia to rumen microbes and proportion of milk protein derived from microbial amino acids. J. Agric. Sci. (Camb.) 111:265-271.
39. Rinne, M., S. Jaakkola, and P. Huhtanen. 1997. Grass maturity effects on cattle fed silage-based diets. 1. Organic matter digestion, rumen fermentation and nitrogen utilization. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 67:1-17.
40. Rotz, C. A., and S. M. Abrams. 1988. Losses and quality changes during alfalfa hay harvest and storage. Trans. ASAE 31:350-355.
41. SAS User's Guide: Statistics, Version . 1996. SAS Inst., Inc., Gary, NC.
42. 14C and rare earth-labeled neutral detergent fiber to estimate particle digestion and passage. J. Anim. Sci. 67:2123-2128.
43. Smith, L. W., R. A. Erdman, L. W. Douglass, and L. L. Slyter. 1987. Comparisons of the disappearance of ytterbium-169, chromium-51 and intrinsically carbon-14 labeled plant cell walls from continuously fed fermenters. J. Dairy Sci. 70:576-581.
44. 13C for nutrition and metabolism studies. J. Anim. Sci. 71:1320-1325.
45. Udén, P., P. E. Colucci, and P. J. Van Soest. 1980. Investigation of chromium, cerium, and cobalt as markers in digesta. Rate of passage studies. J. Sci. Food Agric. 31:625-632.
46. 15N dilution of plasma non-protein-N. Br. J. Nutr. 77:273-286.
47. Van Soest, P. J., J. B. Robertson, and B. A. Lewis. 1991. Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre, and non-starter polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3583-3597.
48. Van Vuuren, A. M., A. Klop, C. J. Van Der Koelen, and H. De Visser. 1999. Starch and stage of maturity and intestinal nutrient supply in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 82:143-152.
49. 15N-labeled rapeseed meal and straw measured by the mobile-bag method in cows. J. Agric. Sci. (Cambr.) 125:253-261.
50. 15N dilution. Br. J. Nutr. 54:163-171.
51. Wagger, M. G., D. E. Kissel, and S. J. Smith. 1985. Uniformity of nitrogen-15 enrichment in different plant parts and subsequent decomposition monitoring of labeled crop residues. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 49:1205-1208.
52. Wallace, R. J., and N. McKain. 1990. A comparison of methods for determining the concentration of extracellular peptides in rumen fluid of sheep. J. Agric. Sci. (Camb.) 114:101-105.
53. 14C-labeled substrates to volatile fatty acids by the rumen microbiota. Appl. Microbiol. 14:1004-1010.
54. Williams, A. G., and G. S. Coleman. 1997. The rumen protozoa. Pages 73-139 in The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem. P. N. Hobson and C. S. Stewart, eds. Blackie Academic and Professional, London, England.
55. 14C-labeled alfalfa hay as determined by specific activity of rumen volatile fatty acids, blood, urine, and feces. J. Dairy Sci. 47:1346-1351.