메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 69, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 18-26

Replication timing and cell differentiation

Author keywords

Histone H1; HMG I Y; Replication time

Indexed keywords

DNA; HIGH MOBILITY GROUP A1A PROTEIN; HISTONE;

EID: 0035751006     PISSN: 03014681     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-0436.2001.690102.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (11)

References (114)
  • 1
    • 0025849159 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of proliferation of primary avian fibroblasts through expression of histone H5 depends on the degree of phosphorylation of the protein
    • Aubert, D., Garcia, M., Benchaibi, M., Poncet, D., Chebloune, Y., Verdier, G., Nigen, V., Samarut, J. and Mura, C.V. (1991) Inhibition of proliferation of primary avian fibroblasts through expression of histone H5 depends on the degree of phosphorylation of the protein. J Cell Biol 113:497-506.
    • (1991) J Cell Biol , vol.113 , pp. 497-506
    • Aubert, D.1    Garcia, M.2    Benchaibi, M.3    Poncet, D.4    Chebloune, Y.5    Verdier, G.6    Nigen, V.7    Samarut, J.8    Mura, C.V.9
  • 2
    • 0034612238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular evidence for a relationship between LINE-1 elements and X-chromosome inactivation
    • Bailey, J.A., Carrel, L., Chakrararti, A. and Eicher, E.E. (2000) Molecular evidence for a relationship between LINE-1 elements and X-chromosome inactivation. Proc Natl Acad Sci US 97:6634-6639.
    • (2000) Proc Natl Acad Sci US , vol.97 , pp. 6634-6639
    • Bailey, J.A.1    Carrel, L.2    Chakrararti, A.3    Eicher, E.E.4
  • 3
    • 0026607331 scopus 로고
    • ATP-dependent recognition of eukaryotic origins of DNA replication by a multi-protein complex
    • Bell, S.P. and Stillman, B. (1992) ATP-dependent recognition of eukaryotic origins of DNA replication by a multi-protein complex. Nature 357:128-134.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.357 , pp. 128-134
    • Bell, S.P.1    Stillman, B.2
  • 4
    • 0034008103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity of eukaryotic replicons, replicon clusters and replication foci
    • Berezney, R., Dubey, D.D. and Huberman, J.A. (2000) Heterogeneity of eukaryotic replicons, replicon clusters and replication foci. Chrom 108:471-484.
    • (2000) Chrom , vol.108 , pp. 471-484
    • Berezney, R.1    Dubey, D.D.2    Huberman, J.A.3
  • 5
    • 0027395841 scopus 로고
    • The vertebrate genome: Isochores and evolution
    • Bernardi, G. (1993) The vertebrate genome: isochores and evolution. Mol Evol 10:186-204.
    • (1993) Mol Evol , vol.10 , pp. 186-204
    • Bernardi, G.1
  • 8
    • 0033921960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initiation of eukaryotic DNA replication: Conservative or liberal?
    • Bogan, J.A., Natale, D.A. and DePamphilis, M.L. (2000) Initiation of eukaryotic DNA replication: conservative or liberal? J Cell Physiol 184:139-150.
    • (2000) J Cell Physiol , vol.184 , pp. 139-150
    • Bogan, J.A.1    Natale, D.A.2    DePamphilis, M.L.3
  • 9
    • 0032915869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific binding of high-mobility-group I (HMG-I) protein and histone H1 to the upstream AT-rich region of the murine β interferon promoter
    • Bonnefoy, E., Bandu, M.T. and Doly, J. (1999) Specific binding of high-mobility-group I (HMG-I) protein and histone H1 to the upstream AT-rich region of the murine β interferon promoter. Mol Cell Biol 19:2803-2816.
    • (1999) Mol Cell Biol , vol.19 , pp. 2803-2816
    • Bonnefoy, E.1    Bandu, M.T.2    Doly, J.3
  • 10
    • 0025094358 scopus 로고
    • Differential distribution of long and short interspersed element sequences in the mouse genome
    • Boyle, A.L., Ballard, S.G. and Ward, D.C. (1990) Differential distribution of long and short interspersed element sequences in the mouse genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci US 87:7757-7761.
    • (1990) Proc Natl Acad Sci US , vol.87 , pp. 7757-7761
    • Boyle, A.L.1    Ballard, S.G.2    Ward, D.C.3
  • 11
    • 0020480696 scopus 로고
    • The temporal order of replication of murine immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region sequences corresponds to their linear order in the genome
    • Braunstein, J.D., Schulze, D., DelGuidice, T., Furst, A. and Schildkraut, C.L. (1982) The temporal order of replication of murine immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region sequences corresponds to their linear order in the genome. Nuc Acids Res 10:6887-6902.
    • (1982) Nuc Acids Res , vol.10 , pp. 6887-6902
    • Braunstein, J.D.1    Schulze, D.2    DelGuidice, T.3    Furst, A.4    Schildkraut, C.L.5
  • 12
    • 0023084851 scopus 로고
    • Rate of replication of the murine immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus; evidence that the region is part of a single replicon
    • Brown, E.H., Iqbal, M.A., Stuart, S., Hatton, K.S., Valinsky, J. and Schildkraut, C.L. (1987) Rate of replication of the murine immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus; evidence that the region is part of a single replicon. Mol Cell Biol 7:450-457.
    • (1987) Mol Cell Biol , vol.7 , pp. 450-457
    • Brown, E.H.1    Iqbal, M.A.2    Stuart, S.3    Hatton, K.S.4    Valinsky, J.5    Schildkraut, C.L.6
  • 13
    • 0026525908 scopus 로고
    • Expression of HMG chromosomal proteins during cell cycle and differentiation
    • Bustin, M., Crippa, M.P. and Pash, J.M. (1992) Expression of HMG chromosomal proteins during cell cycle and differentiation. Crit Rev Euk Gene Exp 2:137-143.
    • (1992) Crit Rev Euk Gene Exp , vol.2 , pp. 137-143
    • Bustin, M.1    Crippa, M.P.2    Pash, J.M.3
  • 14
    • 0030358586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-mobility-group chromosomal proteins: Architectural components that facilitate chromatin function
    • Bustin, M. and Reeves, R. (1996) High-mobility-group chromosomal proteins: architectural components that facilitate chromatin function. Prog Nuc Acid Res Mol Biol 54:35-100.
    • (1996) Prog Nuc Acid Res Mol Biol , vol.54 , pp. 35-100
    • Bustin, M.1    Reeves, R.2
  • 15
    • 0015792039 scopus 로고
    • Replication of DNA in eukaryotic chromosomes
    • Callan, H.G. (1973) Replication of DNA in eukaryotic chromosomes. Brit Med Bull 29:192-195.
    • (1973) Brit Med Bull , vol.29 , pp. 192-195
    • Callan, H.G.1
  • 16
    • 0021248575 scopus 로고
    • Changes in gene position are accompanied by a change in time of replication
    • Calza, R.E., Eckhardt, L.A., DelGuidice, T. and Schildkraut, C.L. (1984) Changes in gene position are accompanied by a change in time of replication. Cell 36:689-696.
    • (1984) Cell , vol.36 , pp. 689-696
    • Calza, R.E.1    Eckhardt, L.A.2    DelGuidice, T.3    Schildkraut, C.L.4
  • 17
    • 0033055057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fission yeast homologue of Orc4p binds to replicon origin DNA via multiple AT-hooks
    • Chuang, R.Y. and Kelly, T.J. (1999) The fission yeast homologue of Orc4p binds to replicon origin DNA via multiple AT-hooks. Proc Natl Acad Sci US 96:2656-2661.
    • (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci US , vol.96 , pp. 2656-2661
    • Chuang, R.Y.1    Kelly, T.J.2
  • 18
    • 0014041682 scopus 로고
    • The duration of replication of the inactive X chromosome in humans based on the persistence of the heterochromatic sex chromatin body during DNA synthesis
    • Comings, D.E. (1967) The duration of replication of the inactive X chromosome in humans based on the persistence of the heterochromatic sex chromatin body during DNA synthesis. Cytogenet 6:20-37.
    • (1967) Cytogenet , vol.6 , pp. 20-37
    • Comings, D.E.1
  • 19
    • 0014914567 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative autoradiography of heterochromatin replication in Microtus agrestis
    • Comings, D.E. (1970) Quantitative autoradiography of heterochromatin replication in Microtus agrestis. Chrom 29:434-445.
    • (1970) Chrom , vol.29 , pp. 434-445
    • Comings, D.E.1
  • 20
    • 0015315219 scopus 로고
    • Replicative heterogeneity of mammalian DNA
    • Comings, D.E. (1972) Replicative heterogeneity of mammalian DNA. Exp Cell Res 71:106-112.
    • (1972) Exp Cell Res , vol.71 , pp. 106-112
    • Comings, D.E.1
  • 21
    • 0015009994 scopus 로고
    • Nuclear DNA-like RNA in developing frog embryos
    • Daniel, J.C. and Flickinger, R.A. (1971) Nuclear DNA-like RNA in developing frog embryos. Exp Cell Res 64:285-290.
    • (1971) Exp Cell Res , vol.64 , pp. 285-290
    • Daniel, J.C.1    Flickinger, R.A.2
  • 22
    • 0033043743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Replication origins in metazoan chromosomes: Fact or fiction
    • DePamphilis, M.L. (1999) Replication origins in metazoan chromosomes: fact or fiction. BioEssays 21:5-16.
    • (1999) BioEssays , vol.21 , pp. 5-16
    • DePamphilis, M.L.1
  • 23
    • 28144459002 scopus 로고
    • Chromatin structure, DNA sequences and replication proteins: Searching for the principles of eukaryotic chromosome replication
    • deRecondo, A.M. (ed) Plenum Press, New York
    • DePamphilis, M.L., Cusick, M.E., Hay, R.T., Pritchard, C., Tack, L.C., Wasserman, P.M. and Weaver, D.T. (1983) Chromatin structure, DNA sequences and replication proteins: searching for the principles of eukaryotic chromosome replication. In: deRecondo, A.M. (ed) New Approaches in Eukaryotic DNA Replication. Plenum Press, New York, pp 203-233.
    • (1983) New Approaches in Eukaryotic DNA Replication , pp. 203-233
    • DePamphilis, M.L.1    Cusick, M.E.2    Hay, R.T.3    Pritchard, C.4    Tack, L.C.5    Wasserman, P.M.6    Weaver, D.T.7
  • 24
    • 0027429520 scopus 로고
    • Chromatin transitions during early Xenopus embryogenesis: Changes in H4 acetylation and in linker histone type
    • Dimitrov, S., Almouzni, G., Dasso, M. and Wolffe, A.P. (1993) Chromatin transitions during early Xenopus embryogenesis: changes in H4 acetylation and in linker histone type. Dev Biol 160:214-227.
    • (1993) Dev Biol , vol.160 , pp. 214-227
    • Dimitrov, S.1    Almouzni, G.2    Dasso, M.3    Wolffe, A.P.4
  • 25
    • 0031730896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of mammalian replication origin usage in Xenopus egg extract
    • Dimitrova, D.S. and Gilbert, D.M. (1998) Regulation of mammalian replication origin usage in Xenopus egg extract. J Cell Sci 111:2989-2998.
    • (1998) J Cell Sci , vol.111 , pp. 2989-2998
    • Dimitrova, D.S.1    Gilbert, D.M.2
  • 26
    • 0024445733 scopus 로고
    • Nonhistone high mobility group protein localizes to G/Q and C bands of human and mouse chromosomes
    • Disney, J.K., Johnson, K., Magneson, M., Sylvester, S. and Reeves, R. (1989) Nonhistone high mobility group protein localizes to G/Q and C bands of human and mouse chromosomes. J Cell Biol 109:1975-1982.
    • (1989) J Cell Biol , vol.109 , pp. 1975-1982
    • Disney, J.K.1    Johnson, K.2    Magneson, M.3    Sylvester, S.4    Reeves, R.5
  • 27
    • 0028272137 scopus 로고
    • Modular sequence elements associated with origin regions in eukaryotic chromosomal DNA
    • Dobbs, D.L., Shaiu, W.L. and Benbow, R.M. (1994) Modular sequence elements associated with origin regions in eukaryotic chromosomal DNA. Nuc Acids Res 22:2479-2489.
    • (1994) Nuc Acids Res , vol.22 , pp. 2479-2489
    • Dobbs, D.L.1    Shaiu, W.L.2    Benbow, R.M.3
  • 28
    • 0028286165 scopus 로고
    • Expansions of transgene repeats cause heterochromatin formation and gene silencing in Drosophila
    • Dorer, D.R. and Henikoff, S. (1994) Expansions of transgene repeats cause heterochromatin formation and gene silencing in Drosophila. Cell 77:993-1002.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.77 , pp. 993-1002
    • Dorer, D.R.1    Henikoff, S.2
  • 29
    • 0028652716 scopus 로고
    • High resolution replication bands compared with morphologic G- and R-bands
    • Drouin, R., Holmquist, G.P. and Richer, C.-L. (1994) High resolution replication bands compared with morphologic G- and R-bands. Adv Hum Genet 22:47-115.
    • (1994) Adv Hum Genet , vol.22 , pp. 47-115
    • Drouin, R.1    Holmquist, G.P.2    Richer, C.-L.3
  • 30
    • 0025113404 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of DNA replication during S-phase by means of dynamic chromosome banding at high resolution
    • Drouin, R., Lemieux, N. and Richer, C.-L. (1990) Analysis of DNA replication during S-phase by means of dynamic chromosome banding at high resolution. Chrom 99:273-280.
    • (1990) Chrom , vol.99 , pp. 273-280
    • Drouin, R.1    Lemieux, N.2    Richer, C.-L.3
  • 31
    • 0015893431 scopus 로고
    • Chromosomal proteins of Drosophila embryos
    • Elgin, S.C.R. and Hood, L.E. (1973) Chromosomal proteins of Drosophila embryos. Biochem 12:4984-4991.
    • (1973) Biochem , vol.12 , pp. 4984-4991
    • Elgin, S.C.R.1    Hood, L.E.2
  • 32
  • 33
    • 0018802768 scopus 로고
    • Phosphorylation of H1 and H5 histones by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase reduces DNA binding
    • Fasy, T.M., Inoue, A., Johnson, E.M. and Allfrey, V.G. (1979) Phosphorylation of H1 and H5 histones by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase reduces DNA binding. Biochim Biophys Acta 564:322-334.
    • (1979) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.564 , pp. 322-334
    • Fasy, T.M.1    Inoue, A.2    Johnson, E.M.3    Allfrey, V.G.4
  • 34
    • 0033119555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hierarchical differentiation of multipotent progenitor cells
    • Flickinger, R.A. (1999) Hierarchical differentiation of multipotent progenitor cells. BioEssays 21:333-338.
    • (1999) BioEssays , vol.21 , pp. 333-338
    • Flickinger, R.A.1
  • 35
    • 0034042773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of tumor cell differentiation
    • Flickinger, R.A. (2000) Induction of tumor cell differentiation. Diff 65:241-245.
    • (2000) Diff , vol.65 , pp. 241-245
    • Flickinger, R.A.1
  • 36
    • 0022518506 scopus 로고
    • Factors controlling the size of DNA loops in frog embryos and Friend erythroleukemia-cells
    • Flickinger, R.A., Givens, R., Pine, S. and Sepanik, P. (1986) Factors controlling the size of DNA loops in frog embryos and Friend erythroleukemia-cells. Cell Diff 19:59-71.
    • (1986) Cell Diff , vol.19 , pp. 59-71
    • Flickinger, R.A.1    Givens, R.2    Pine, S.3    Sepanik, P.4
  • 37
    • 0020676284 scopus 로고
    • Incorporation of deoxycytidine triphosphate and thymidine triphosphate into nuclear DNA invitro during early and late S phase in frog embryos
    • Flickinger, R.A. and Richman, R. (1983) Incorporation of deoxycytidine triphosphate and thymidine triphosphate into nuclear DNA invitro during early and late S phase in frog embryos. Cell Diff 12:233-237.
    • (1983) Cell Diff , vol.12 , pp. 233-237
    • Flickinger, R.A.1    Richman, R.2
  • 38
    • 0019363920 scopus 로고
    • Relative base composition of nuclear RNA transcribed from repetitive and unique DNA in frog embryos
    • Flickinger, R.A. and Shepherd, G.W. (1981) Relative base composition of nuclear RNA transcribed from repetitive and unique DNA in frog embryos. Exp Cell Res 131:57-61.
    • (1981) Exp Cell Res , vol.131 , pp. 57-61
    • Flickinger, R.A.1    Shepherd, G.W.2
  • 39
    • 0026110586 scopus 로고
    • Histone H1 and the conformation of transcriptionally active chromatin
    • Garrard, W.T. (1991) Histone H1 and the conformation of transcriptionally active chromatin. BioEssays 13:87-88.
    • (1991) BioEssays , vol.13 , pp. 87-88
    • Garrard, W.T.1
  • 40
    • 0028853904 scopus 로고
    • Clusters of modular regulatory elements at DNA replication origins
    • Gencheva, M. and Anachova, B. (1995) Clusters of modular regulatory elements at DNA replication origins. Gene 164:283-287.
    • (1995) Gene , vol.164 , pp. 283-287
    • Gencheva, M.1    Anachova, B.2
  • 41
    • 0022481322 scopus 로고
    • Temporal order of replication of Xenopus laevis 5S ribosomal RNA genes in somatic cells
    • Gilbert, D.M. (1986) Temporal order of replication of Xenopus laevis 5S ribosomal RNA genes in somatic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci US 83:2924-2928.
    • (1986) Proc Natl Acad Sci US , vol.83 , pp. 2924-2928
    • Gilbert, D.M.1
  • 42
    • 0032055120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo analysis of scaffold-associated regions in Drosophila: A synthetic high affinity SAR binding protein suppresses position effect variegation
    • Girard, F., Bello, B., Laemmli, U.K. and Gehring, W.J. (1998) In vivo analysis of scaffold-associated regions in Drosophila: a synthetic high affinity SAR binding protein suppresses position effect variegation. EMBO J 17:2079-2085.
    • (1998) EMBO J , vol.17 , pp. 2079-2085
    • Girard, F.1    Bello, B.2    Laemmli, U.K.3    Gehring, W.J.4
  • 43
    • 0024062573 scopus 로고
    • The chromatin domain as a unit of gene regulation
    • Goldman, M.A. (1988) The chromatin domain as a unit of gene regulation. BioEssays 9:50-55.
    • (1988) BioEssays , vol.9 , pp. 50-55
    • Goldman, M.A.1
  • 44
    • 0021362841 scopus 로고
    • Replication timing of genes and middle repetitive sequences
    • Goldman, M.A., Holmquist, G.P., Gray, M.C., Caston, L.A. and Nag, A. (1984) Replication timing of genes and middle repetitive sequences. Science 224:686-692.
    • (1984) Science , vol.224 , pp. 686-692
    • Goldman, M.A.1    Holmquist, G.P.2    Gray, M.C.3    Caston, L.A.4    Nag, A.5
  • 45
    • 0019421469 scopus 로고
    • Sizes and rates of elongation of replicons in frog embryos
    • Grabar, F. and Flickinger, R.A. (1981) Sizes and rates of elongation of replicons in frog embryos. Roux's Archiv Dev Biol 190:55-57.
    • (1981) Roux's Archiv Dev Biol , vol.190 , pp. 55-57
    • Grabar, F.1    Flickinger, R.A.2
  • 46
    • 0022755721 scopus 로고
    • Differential order of replication of Xenopus laevis 5S RNA genes
    • Guinta, D.R. and Korn, L.J. (1986) Differential order of replication of Xenopus laevis 5S RNA genes. Mol Cell Biol 6:2536-2542.
    • (1986) Mol Cell Biol , vol.6 , pp. 2536-2542
    • Guinta, D.R.1    Korn, L.J.2
  • 47
    • 0022535208 scopus 로고
    • Early replication and expression of oocyte-type 5S RNA genes in a Xenopus somatic cell line carrying a translocation
    • Guinta, D.R., Tso, J.Y., Narayanswami, S., Hamkalo, B.A. and Korn, L.J. (1986) Early replication and expression of oocyte-type 5S RNA genes in a Xenopus somatic cell line carrying a translocation. Proc Natl Acad Sci US 83:5150-5154.
    • (1986) Proc Natl Acad Sci US , vol.83 , pp. 5150-5154
    • Guinta, D.R.1    Tso, J.Y.2    Narayanswami, S.3    Hamkalo, B.A.4    Korn, L.J.5
  • 48
    • 0016592054 scopus 로고
    • Sequential phosphorylation of histone sub-fractions in the Chinese hamster cell cycle
    • Gurley, L.R., Walters, R.A. and Tobey, R.A. (1975) Sequential phosphorylation of histone sub-fractions in the Chinese hamster cell cycle. J Biol Chem 250:3936-3944.
    • (1975) J Biol Chem , vol.250 , pp. 3936-3944
    • Gurley, L.R.1    Walters, R.A.2    Tobey, R.A.3
  • 49
    • 0018120376 scopus 로고
    • Eucaryotic DNA: Organization of the genome for replication
    • Hand, R. (1978) Eucaryotic DNA: organization of the genome for replication. Cell 15:317-325.
    • (1978) Cell , vol.15 , pp. 317-325
    • Hand, R.1
  • 51
    • 0023193418 scopus 로고
    • Role of replication time in the control of tissue-specific gene expression
    • Holmquist, G.P. (1987) Role of replication time in the control of tissue-specific gene expression. Amer J Hum Genet 40:151-173.
    • (1987) Amer J Hum Genet , vol.40 , pp. 151-173
    • Holmquist, G.P.1
  • 52
    • 0020357520 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of Giemsa dark- and light-band DNA
    • Holmquist, G.P., Gray, M., Porter, T. and Jordan, J. (1982) Characterization of Giemsa dark- and light-band DNA. Cell 31:121-129.
    • (1982) Cell , vol.31 , pp. 121-129
    • Holmquist, G.P.1    Gray, M.2    Porter, T.3    Jordan, J.4
  • 53
    • 0023734742 scopus 로고
    • Global variation in G + C content along vertebrate genome DNA. Possible correlation with chromosome band structures
    • Ikemura, T. and Aota, S. (1988) Global variation in G + C content along vertebrate genome DNA. Possible correlation with chromosome band structures. J Mol Biol 203:1-13.
    • (1988) J Mol Biol , vol.203 , pp. 1-13
    • Ikemura, T.1    Aota, S.2
  • 54
    • 0022729888 scopus 로고
    • Replication occurs at a nucleoskeleton
    • Jackson, D.A. and Cook, P.R. (1986) Replication occurs at a nucleoskeleton. EMBO J 5:1403-1410.
    • (1986) EMBO J , vol.5 , pp. 1403-1410
    • Jackson, D.A.1    Cook, P.R.2
  • 55
    • 0032559794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Replicon clusters are stable units of chromosome structure: Evidence that nuclear organization contributes to the efficient activation and propagation of S phase in human cells
    • Jackson, D.A. and Pombo, A. (1998) Replicon clusters are stable units of chromosome structure: Evidence that nuclear organization contributes to the efficient activation and propagation of S phase in human cells. J Cell Biol 140:1285-1295.
    • (1998) J Cell Biol , vol.140 , pp. 1285-1295
    • Jackson, D.A.1    Pombo, A.2
  • 56
    • 0017581306 scopus 로고
    • Coordination of growth with cell division in the yeast Saccharomyces cerivisiae
    • Johnson, G.C., Pringle, J.R. and Hartwell, L.H. (1977) Coordination of growth with cell division in the yeast Saccharomyces cerivisiae. Exp Cell Res 105:79-98.
    • (1977) Exp Cell Res , vol.105 , pp. 79-98
    • Johnson, G.C.1    Pringle, J.R.2    Hartwell, L.H.3
  • 57
    • 0025020163 scopus 로고
    • Expression of mRNAs encoding mammalian chromosomal proteins HMG-I and HMG-Y during cellular proliferation
    • Johnson, K.R., Disney, J.E., Wyatt, C.R. and Reeves, R. (1990) Expression of mRNAs encoding mammalian chromosomal proteins HMG-I and HMG-Y during cellular proliferation. Exp Cell Res 187:69-76.
    • (1990) Exp Cell Res , vol.187 , pp. 69-76
    • Johnson, K.R.1    Disney, J.E.2    Wyatt, C.R.3    Reeves, R.4
  • 58
    • 0017379696 scopus 로고
    • Multiple thymidine incorporation peaks in the S phase of synchronous human diploid fibroblasts
    • Kapp, L.N. and Painter, R.B. (1977) Multiple thymidine incorporation peaks in the S phase of synchronous human diploid fibroblasts. Exp Cell Res 107:429-431.
    • (1977) Exp Cell Res , vol.107 , pp. 429-431
    • Kapp, L.N.1    Painter, R.B.2
  • 59
    • 0019023992 scopus 로고
    • The organization of the mammalian genome replication: Evidence for a high rate of DNA replication in heterochromatin
    • Khaitova, N.M., Ilyina, G.S. and Liapunova, N.A. (1980) The organization of the mammalian genome replication: Evidence for a high rate of DNA replication in heterochromatin. Tsitologia 22:640-645.
    • (1980) Tsitologia , vol.22 , pp. 640-645
    • Khaitova, N.M.1    Ilyina, G.S.2    Liapunova, N.A.3
  • 60
    • 0031755017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple orientation-dependent, synergistically interacting, similar domains in the ribosomal DNA replication origin of the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe
    • Kim, S.M. and Huberman, J.A. (1998) Multiple orientation-dependent, synergistically interacting, similar domains in the ribosomal DNA replication origin of the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Mol Cell Biol 18:7294-7303.
    • (1998) Mol Cell Biol , vol.18 , pp. 7294-7303
    • Kim, S.M.1    Huberman, J.A.2
  • 61
    • 0016739508 scopus 로고
    • The temporal structure of S phase
    • Klevecz, R.R., Keniston, B.A. and Deaven, L.L. (1975) The temporal structure of S phase. Cell 5:195-203.
    • (1975) Cell , vol.5 , pp. 195-203
    • Klevecz, R.R.1    Keniston, B.A.2    Deaven, L.L.3
  • 62
    • 0027243268 scopus 로고
    • Autonomous replication in human cells of multimers of specific human and bacterial DNA sequences
    • Kryson, P.J., Smith, J.G. and Calos, M.P. (1993) Autonomous replication in human cells of multimers of specific human and bacterial DNA sequences. Mol Cell Biol 13:2688-2696.
    • (1993) Mol Cell Biol , vol.13 , pp. 2688-2696
    • Kryson, P.J.1    Smith, J.G.2    Calos, M.P.3
  • 64
    • 0019870114 scopus 로고
    • Studies of mammalian chromosome replication. II. Evidence for the existence of defined chromosome replication units
    • Lau, Y.F. and Arrighi, F.E. (1981) Studies of mammalian chromosome replication. II. Evidence for the existence of defined chromosome replication units. Chrom 83:721-741.
    • (1981) Chrom , vol.83 , pp. 721-741
    • Lau, Y.F.1    Arrighi, F.E.2
  • 65
    • 0018628065 scopus 로고
    • Initiations of DNA replication in chromosomes of Chinese hamster ovary cells
    • Laughlin, T.J. and Taylor, J.H. (1979) Initiations of DNA replication in chromosomes of Chinese hamster ovary cells. Chrom 75:19-35.
    • (1979) Chrom , vol.75 , pp. 19-35
    • Laughlin, T.J.1    Taylor, J.H.2
  • 66
    • 0030475416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromosome architecture can dictate site-specific initiation of DNA replication in Xenopus egg extracts
    • Lawlis, S.J., Keezer, S.M., Wu, J.R. and Gilbert, D.M. (1996) Chromosome architecture can dictate site-specific initiation of DNA replication in Xenopus egg extracts. J Cell Biol 135:1207-1218.
    • (1996) J Cell Biol , vol.135 , pp. 1207-1218
    • Lawlis, S.J.1    Keezer, S.M.2    Wu, J.R.3    Gilbert, D.M.4
  • 67
    • 0025108239 scopus 로고
    • High-resolution dynamic and morphologic G-banding (GBG and GTG): A comparative study
    • Lemieux, N., Drouin, R. and Richer, C.-L. (1990) High-resolution dynamic and morphologic G-banding (GBG and GTG): a comparative study. Hum Genet 85:261-266.
    • (1990) Hum Genet , vol.85 , pp. 261-266
    • Lemieux, N.1    Drouin, R.2    Richer, C.-L.3
  • 68
    • 0028674505 scopus 로고
    • Organization of replication units and DNA replication in mammalian cells as studied by DNA fiber autoradiography
    • Liapunova, N.A. (1994) Organization of replication units and DNA replication in mammalian cells as studied by DNA fiber autoradiography. Inter Rev Cytol 154:261-308.
    • (1994) Inter Rev Cytol , vol.154 , pp. 261-308
    • Liapunova, N.A.1
  • 69
    • 0027261149 scopus 로고
    • Mapping simple repeated DNA sequences in heterochromatin of Drosophila melanogaster
    • Lohe, A.R., Hilliker, A.J. and Roberts, P.A. (1993) Mapping simple repeated DNA sequences in heterochromatin of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 134:1149-1174.
    • (1993) Genetics , vol.134 , pp. 1149-1174
    • Lohe, A.R.1    Hilliker, A.J.2    Roberts, P.A.3
  • 70
    • 0031669737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histone H1 reduces the frequency of initiation in Xenopus egg extract by limiting the assembly of prereplication complexes in sperm chromatin
    • Lu, Z.H., Sittman, D.B., Romanowski, P. and Leno, G.H. (1998) Histone H1 reduces the frequency of initiation in Xenopus egg extract by limiting the assembly of prereplication complexes in sperm chromatin. Mol Biol Cell 9:1163-1176.
    • (1998) Mol Biol Cell , vol.9 , pp. 1163-1176
    • Lu, Z.H.1    Sittman, D.B.2    Romanowski, P.3    Leno, G.H.4
  • 71
    • 0031820331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • X-chromosome inactivation: A repeat hypothesis
    • Lyon, M.F. (1998) X-chromosome inactivation: a repeat hypothesis. Cytogenet Cell Genet 80:133-137.
    • (1998) Cytogenet Cell Genet , vol.80 , pp. 133-137
    • Lyon, M.F.1
  • 73
    • 0030011231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multivalent DNA-binding properties of the HMG-I proteins
    • Maher, J.F. and Nathans, D. (1996) Multivalent DNA-binding properties of the HMG-I proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci US 93:6716-6720.
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci US , vol.93 , pp. 6716-6720
    • Maher, J.F.1    Nathans, D.2
  • 74
    • 0031903512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remodeling of chromatin loops does not account for specification of replication origins during Xenopus development
    • Maric, C. and Hyrien, O. (1998) Remodeling of chromatin loops does not account for specification of replication origins during Xenopus development. Chrom 107:155-165.
    • (1998) Chrom , vol.107 , pp. 155-165
    • Maric, C.1    Hyrien, O.2
  • 75
    • 0029981770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeat induced gene silencing: Common mechanisms in plants and fungi
    • Meyer, P. (1996) Repeat induced gene silencing: common mechanisms in plants and fungi. Biol Chem Hoppe-Seyler 377:87-95.
    • (1996) Biol Chem Hoppe-Seyler , vol.377 , pp. 87-95
    • Meyer, P.1
  • 76
    • 0031743906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Connections between growth and the cell cycle
    • Neufeld, T.P. and Edgar, B.A. (1998) Connections between growth and the cell cycle. Curr Opin Cell Biol 18:784-790.
    • (1998) Curr Opin Cell Biol , vol.18 , pp. 784-790
    • Neufeld, T.P.1    Edgar, B.A.2
  • 77
    • 0020407569 scopus 로고
    • A major developmental transition in early Xenopus embryos: Control of the onset of transcription
    • Newport, J. and Kirschner, M. (1982) A major developmental transition in early Xenopus embryos: control of the onset of transcription. Cell 30:675-686.
    • (1982) Cell , vol.30 , pp. 675-686
    • Newport, J.1    Kirschner, M.2
  • 78
    • 0025724096 scopus 로고
    • Phosphorylation by cdc2 kinase modulates DNA binding activity of high mobility group I nonhistone chromatin protein
    • Nissen, M.S., Langan, T.A. and Reeves, R. (1991) Phosphorylation by cdc2 kinase modulates DNA binding activity of high mobility group I nonhistone chromatin protein. J Biol Chem 266:19945-19952.
    • (1991) J Biol Chem , vol.266 , pp. 19945-19952
    • Nissen, M.S.1    Langan, T.A.2    Reeves, R.3
  • 79
    • 0032822630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clustered adenine/thymine stretches are essential for function of a fission yeast replication origin
    • Okuno, Y., Satoh, H., Sekiguchi, M. and Masukata, H. (1999) Clustered adenine/thymine stretches are essential for function of a fission yeast replication origin. Mol Cell Biol 19:6699-6709.
    • (1999) Mol Cell Biol , vol.19 , pp. 6699-6709
    • Okuno, Y.1    Satoh, H.2    Sekiguchi, M.3    Masukata, H.4
  • 80
    • 0032440724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nucleoskeleton and initiation of DNA replication in metazoan cells
    • Ortega, J.M. and DePamphilis, M.L. (1998) Nucleoskeleton and initiation of DNA replication in metazoan cells. J Cell Sci 111:3663-3673.
    • (1998) J Cell Sci , vol.111 , pp. 3663-3673
    • Ortega, J.M.1    DePamphilis, M.L.2
  • 81
    • 0015243277 scopus 로고
    • Variation in the rate of DNA chain growth through the S phase in HeLa cells
    • Painter, R.B. and Schaeffer, A.W. (1971) Variation in the rate of DNA chain growth through the S phase in HeLa cells. J Mol Biol 58:289-295.
    • (1971) J Mol Biol , vol.58 , pp. 289-295
    • Painter, R.B.1    Schaeffer, A.W.2
  • 82
  • 83
    • 0023882327 scopus 로고
    • Base composition of poly (A +) nuclear RNA of frog embryos and Friend erythroleukemia cells
    • Pine, S. and Flickinger, R.A. (1987) Base composition of poly (A +) nuclear RNA of frog embryos and Friend erythroleukemia cells. Dev Growth Diff 30:9-14.
    • (1987) Dev Growth Diff , vol.30 , pp. 9-14
    • Pine, S.1    Flickinger, R.A.2
  • 84
    • 0033029809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coordination of cell growth with cell division
    • Polymenis, M. and Schmidt, E.V. (1999) Coordination of cell growth with cell division. Curr Opin Genet Dev 9:76-80.
    • (1999) Curr Opin Genet Dev , vol.9 , pp. 76-80
    • Polymenis, M.1    Schmidt, E.V.2
  • 85
    • 28144436215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personal communication
    • Reeves, R. (2001) Personal communication.
    • (2001)
    • Reeves, R.1
  • 86
    • 0025196283 scopus 로고
    • The A-T-binding domain of mammalian high mobility group I chromosomal proteins. A novel peptide motif recognizing DNA structures
    • Reeves, R. and Nissen, M.S. (1990) The A-T-binding domain of mammalian high mobility group I chromosomal proteins. A novel peptide motif recognizing DNA structures. J Biol Chem 265:8573-8582.
    • (1990) J Biol Chem , vol.265 , pp. 8573-8582
    • Reeves, R.1    Nissen, M.S.2
  • 87
    • 0015076996 scopus 로고
    • The time of DNA replication in the cell cycle in relation to RNA synthesis in frog embryos
    • Remington, J.A. and Flickinger, R.A. (1971) The time of DNA replication in the cell cycle in relation to RNA synthesis in frog embryos. J Cell Physiol 77:411-422.
    • (1971) J Cell Physiol , vol.77 , pp. 411-422
    • Remington, J.A.1    Flickinger, R.A.2
  • 88
    • 0018154823 scopus 로고
    • Timing of incorporation of tritiated nucleosides into DNA and RNA of embryonic cells of Rana pipiens
    • Remington, J.A. and Flickinger, R.A. (1978) Timing of incorporation of tritiated nucleosides into DNA and RNA of embryonic cells of Rana pipiens. Dev Growth Diff 20:11-15.
    • (1978) Dev Growth Diff , vol.20 , pp. 11-15
    • Remington, J.A.1    Flickinger, R.A.2
  • 89
    • 0034212969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterations in titer and distribution of high mobility group proteins during embryonic development of Drosophila melanogaster
    • Renner, U., Ghidelli, S., Schäefer, M.A. and Wisniewski, J.R. (2000) Alterations in titer and distribution of high mobility group proteins during embryonic development of Drosophila melanogaster. Biochim Biophy Acta 1475:99-108.
    • (2000) Biochim Biophy Acta , vol.1475 , pp. 99-108
    • Renner, U.1    Ghidelli, S.2    Schäefer, M.A.3    Wisniewski, J.R.4
  • 90
    • 0017126109 scopus 로고
    • Transition from non-cooperative to cooperative and selected binding of histone H1 to DNA
    • Renz, M. and Day, L.A. (1976) Transition from non-cooperative to cooperative and selected binding of histone H1 to DNA. Biochem 15:3220-3228.
    • (1976) Biochem , vol.15 , pp. 3220-3228
    • Renz, M.1    Day, L.A.2
  • 91
    • 85031465037 scopus 로고
    • The cytoplasmic synthesis of histones in HeLa cells and its temporal relationship to DNA replication
    • Robbins, E. and Borun, T.W. (1967) The cytoplasmic synthesis of histones in HeLa cells and its temporal relationship to DNA replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci US 58:1977-1983.
    • (1967) Proc Natl Acad Sci US , vol.58 , pp. 1977-1983
    • Robbins, E.1    Borun, T.W.2
  • 92
    • 0018866831 scopus 로고
    • Isolation, properties and cellular distribution of D1, a chromosomal protein of Drosophila
    • Rodriguez-Alfagene, C., Rudkin, G.C. and Cohen, L.H. (1980) Isolation, properties and cellular distribution of D1, a chromosomal protein of Drosophila., Chrom 78:1-31.
    • (1980) Chrom , vol.78 , pp. 1-31
    • Rodriguez-Alfagene, C.1    Rudkin, G.C.2    Cohen, L.H.3
  • 93
    • 0030044430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Copy number and orientation determine the susceptibility of a gene to silencing by nearby heterochromatin
    • Sabl, J.F. and Henikoff, S. (1996) Copy number and orientation determine the susceptibility of a gene to silencing by nearby heterochromatin. Genetics 142:447-458.
    • (1996) Genetics , vol.142 , pp. 447-458
    • Sabl, J.F.1    Henikoff, S.2
  • 95
    • 0032906460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specification of regions of DNA replication during embryogenesis in the 65-kilobase DNA pol α-dE2F locus of Drosophila melanogaster
    • Sasaki, T., Sawado, T., Yamaguchi, M. and Shinomiya, T. (1999) Specification of regions of DNA replication during embryogenesis in the 65-kilobase DNA pol α-dE2F locus of Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Cell Biol 19:547-555.
    • (1999) Mol Cell Biol , vol.19 , pp. 547-555
    • Sasaki, T.1    Sawado, T.2    Yamaguchi, M.3    Shinomiya, T.4
  • 96
    • 0014457184 scopus 로고
    • Rates of DNA synthesis in heterochromatic and euchromatic segments of the chromosome complements of two rodents
    • Schmid, W. and Leppert, M.F. (1969) Rates of DNA synthesis in heterochromatic and euchromatic segments of the chromosome complements of two rodents. Cytogen 8:125-135.
    • (1969) Cytogen , vol.8 , pp. 125-135
    • Schmid, W.1    Leppert, M.F.2
  • 97
    • 0023955742 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of mouse satellite DNA replication time
    • Selig, S., Ariel, M., Goitein, R., Marcus, M. and Cedar, H. (1988) Regulation of mouse satellite DNA replication time. EMBO J 7:419-425.
    • (1988) EMBO J , vol.7 , pp. 419-425
    • Selig, S.1    Ariel, M.2    Goitein, R.3    Marcus, M.4    Cedar, H.5
  • 98
    • 0019951876 scopus 로고
    • The accumulation of repetitive and evolutionary conservative RNA during frog embryonic development
    • Shepherd, G.W. and Flickinger, R.A. (1982) The accumulation of repetitive and evolutionary conservative RNA during frog embryonic development. Roux's Arch Dev Biol 191:1-4.
    • (1982) Roux's Arch Dev Biol , vol.191 , pp. 1-4
    • Shepherd, G.W.1    Flickinger, R.A.2
  • 99
    • 0017239247 scopus 로고
    • Changes in RNA and protein metabolism preceding onset of hemoglobin synthesis in cultured Friend leukemia cells
    • Sherton, C.E. and Kabat, D. (1976) Changes in RNA and protein metabolism preceding onset of hemoglobin synthesis in cultured Friend leukemia cells. Dev Biol 48:118-131.
    • (1976) Dev Biol , vol.48 , pp. 118-131
    • Sherton, C.E.1    Kabat, D.2
  • 100
    • 0026788183 scopus 로고
    • Sequence-specific binding of HMG-I (Y) to the proximal promoter of the GP91-phox gene
    • Skolnik, D.G. and Neufeld, E.J. (1992) Sequence-specific binding of HMG-I (Y) to the proximal promoter of the GP91-phox gene. Biochem Biophy Res Comm 187:563-569.
    • (1992) Biochem Biophy Res Comm , vol.187 , pp. 563-569
    • Skolnik, D.G.1    Neufeld, E.J.2
  • 101
    • 0344688469 scopus 로고
    • A mammalian high mobility group protein recognizes any stretch of six A-T base pairs in duplex DNA
    • Solomon, M.J., Strauss, F. and Varshavsky, A. (1986) A mammalian high mobility group protein recognizes any stretch of six A-T base pairs in duplex DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci US 83:1276-1280.
    • (1986) Proc Natl Acad Sci US , vol.83 , pp. 1276-1280
    • Solomon, M.J.1    Strauss, F.2    Varshavsky, A.3
  • 102
    • 0014788802 scopus 로고
    • Changes in chromosomal DNA replication patterns in developing frog embryos
    • Stambrook, P.J. and Flickinger, R.A. (1970) Changes in chromosomal DNA replication patterns in developing frog embryos. J Exp Zool 174:101-114.
    • (1970) J Exp Zool , vol.174 , pp. 101-114
    • Stambrook, P.J.1    Flickinger, R.A.2
  • 103
    • 0015009707 scopus 로고
    • Control of macromolecular synthesis in proliferating and resting Syrian hamster cells in monolayer culture. I. Ribosome function
    • Stanners, C.P. and Becker, H. (1971) Control of macromolecular synthesis in proliferating and resting Syrian hamster cells in monolayer culture. I. Ribosome function. J Cell Physiol 77:31-42.
    • (1971) J Cell Physiol , vol.77 , pp. 31-42
    • Stanners, C.P.1    Becker, H.2
  • 104
    • 0030597336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High density of an SAR-associated motif differentiates heterochromatin from euchromatin
    • Strausbaugh, L.D. and Williams, S.M. (1996) High density of an SAR-associated motif differentiates heterochromatin from euchromatin. J Theo Biol 183:159-176.
    • (1996) J Theo Biol , vol.183 , pp. 159-176
    • Strausbaugh, L.D.1    Williams, S.M.2
  • 105
    • 0021708253 scopus 로고
    • A protein binds to a satellite DNA repeat at three specific sites that would be brought into mutual proximity by DNA folding in the nucleosome
    • Strauss, F. and Varshavsky, A. (1984) A protein binds to a satellite DNA repeat at three specific sites that would be brought into mutual proximity by DNA folding in the nucleosome. Cell 37:889-901.
    • (1984) Cell , vol.37 , pp. 889-901
    • Strauss, F.1    Varshavsky, A.2
  • 106
    • 0025266610 scopus 로고
    • Alternative chromatin structure at CpG islands
    • Tazi, J. and Bird, A.P. (1990) Alternative chromatin structure at CpG islands. Cell 60:909-920.
    • (1990) Cell , vol.60 , pp. 909-920
    • Tazi, J.1    Bird, A.P.2
  • 107
    • 0024379003 scopus 로고
    • Long range organization of tandem arrays of alpha satellite DNA at the centromeres of human chromosomes: High-frequency array-length polymorphism and meiotic stability
    • Wevrick, R. and Willard, H.F. (1989) Long range organization of tandem arrays of alpha satellite DNA at the centromeres of human chromosomes: high-frequency array-length polymorphism and meiotic stability. Proc Natl Acad Sci US 86:9394-9398.
    • (1989) Proc Natl Acad Sci US , vol.86 , pp. 9394-9398
    • Wevrick, R.1    Willard, H.F.2
  • 108
    • 0024414257 scopus 로고
    • Dominant and specific repression of Xenopus oocyte 5S RNA genes and satellite 1 DNA by histone H1
    • Wolffe, A.P. (1989) Dominant and specific repression of Xenopus oocyte 5S RNA genes and satellite 1 DNA by histone H1. EMBO J 8:527-537.
    • (1989) EMBO J , vol.8 , pp. 527-537
    • Wolffe, A.P.1
  • 109
    • 0027285086 scopus 로고
    • Replication timing and Xenopus 5S RNA gene transcription
    • Wolffe, A.P. (1993) Replication timing and Xenopus 5S RNA gene transcription. Dev Biol 157:224-234.
    • (1993) Dev Biol , vol.157 , pp. 224-234
    • Wolffe, A.P.1
  • 110
    • 0022203766 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism for general sensitivity of the chromosome and growth cycles of mammalian cells to the rate of protein synthesis
    • Wu, R.S. and Bonner, W.M. (1985) Mechanism for general sensitivity of the chromosome and growth cycles of mammalian cells to the rate of protein synthesis. Mol Cell Biol 5:2959-2966.
    • (1985) Mol Cell Biol , vol.5 , pp. 2959-2966
    • Wu, R.S.1    Bonner, W.M.2
  • 111
    • 0030946776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-mobility-group proteins and cancer - An emerging link
    • Wunderlich, V. and Bottger, M. (1997) High-mobility-group proteins and cancer - an emerging link. J Cane Res Clin Oncol 123:133-140.
    • (1997) J Cane Res Clin Oncol , vol.123 , pp. 133-140
    • Wunderlich, V.1    Bottger, M.2
  • 112
    • 0027306750 scopus 로고
    • SAR-dependent mobilization of histone H1 by HMG-I/Y in vitro: HMG-I/Y is enriched in H1-depleted chromatin
    • Zhao, K., Käs, E., Gonzales, E. and Laemmli, U. (1993) SAR-dependent mobilization of histone H1 by HMG-I/Y in vitro: HMG-I/Y is enriched in H1-depleted chromatin. EMBO J 12:3237-3247.
    • (1993) EMBO J , vol.12 , pp. 3237-3247
    • Zhao, K.1    Käs, E.2    Gonzales, E.3    Laemmli, U.4
  • 113
    • 0033602020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organization of early and late replicating DNA in human chromosome territories
    • Zink, D., Bornfleth, H., Visser, A., Cremer, C. and Cremer, T. (1999) Organization of early and late replicating DNA in human chromosome territories. Exp Cell Res 247:176-188.
    • (1999) Exp Cell Res , vol.247 , pp. 176-188
    • Zink, D.1    Bornfleth, H.2    Visser, A.3    Cremer, C.4    Cremer, T.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.