Measurement of Socket Discomfort-Part I: Pressure Sensation

Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics

Volumn 13, Issue 4, 2001, Pages 99-110

  Neumann, Edward S ^a  

^a University of Nevada Las Vegas   (United States)

Author keywords

Discomfort; Pressure sensation; Psychophysics; Socket fitting

Indexed keywords

EID: 0035733012     PISSN: 10408800     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00008526-200112000-00010     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Saunders MS, McCormick GJ. Illumination; Noise. In: Saunders MS, McCormick GJ, eds. Human Factors in Engineering and Design, 7th ed. New York; McGraw Hill; 1993:511-550, 589-621.
2. Gracely RH, Naliboff BD. Measurement of pain sensation. In: Kruger L, ed. Pain and Touch, 2nd ed. San Diego: Academic Press; 1996:244-313.
3. Levy SW. Skin Problems of the Amputee. St. Louis: Warren H. Green; 1983.
4. Sherman RA. Phantom Pain. New York: Plenum Press; 1997.
5. Torrance C. Pressure Sores: Aetiology, Treatment, and Prevention. London: Croom Helm; 1983.
6. Daniel RK, Priest, DL, Wheatley, DC. Etiologic factors in pressure sores: an experimental model. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1981;62:492-498.
7. Crenshaw RP, Vistnes LM. A decade of pressure sore research. J Rehabil Res Dev. 1989;26:63-74.
8. Nola GT, Vistnes LM. Differential response of skin and muscle in the experimental production of pressure sore. Plastic Reconstruct Surg. 1980;66:728-733.
9. Naylor PFD. Experimental friction blisters. Br J Dermatol. 1955; 67:327-342.
10. Akers WA, Sulzberger MB. The friction blister. Mil Med. 1972; 137:1-7.
11. Sulzberger MB, Cortese TA, Fishman L, Wiley HS. Studies on blisters produced by friction. J Invest Dermatol. 1966;47: 456-465.
12. Landis EM. Micro-injection studies of capillary blood pressure in human skin. Heart 1930;15:209-228.
13. Sacks AH. Theoretical prediction of a time-at-pressure curve for avoiding pressure sores. J Rehabil Res Dev. 1989;26:27-34.
14. Reswick JB, Rogers JE. Experiments at Rancho Los Amigos: hospital with devices and techniques to prevent pressure sores. In: Kenedi RM, Cowden JM, Scales JT, eds. Bedsore Biomechanics. Baltimore: University Park Press; 1976:301-310.
15. Bader DL. The recovery characteristics of soft tissues following repeated loadings. J Rehabil Res Dev. 1990;27:141-150.
16. Greenspan JD, Bolanowski SJ. The psychophysics of tactile perception and its peripheral physiological basis. In: Kruger L, ed. Pain and Touch, 2nd ed. San Diego: Academic Press; 1996: 25-103.
17. Bolanowksi SJ, Gescheider GS, Verrillo RT. Hairy skin: psychophysical channels and their physiological substrates. Somatosensory Motor Res. 1994;11:279-290.
18. Stevens JC, Choo KK. Spatial acuity of the body surface over the life span. Somatosensory Motor Res. 1996;13:153-166.
19. Weinstein S. Intensive and extensive aspects of tactile, sensitivity as a function of body part, sex, and laterally. In: Kenshalo DR, ed. The Skin Senses. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas; 1968:195-222.
20. Teuber HL, Kreiger HP, Bender MB. Reorganization of sensory function in amputation stumps: two-point discrimination. Fed Proc. 8:156.
21. Weinstein S. Neurophysiological studies of the phantom. In: Benson AL, ed. Contributions to Clinical Neurophysiology Chicago: Aldine: 1969:73-106.
22. Schieber MH, Deuel RK. Primary motor cortex reorganization in a long-term monkey amputee. Somatosensory Motor Res. 1997;14:157-167.
23. Chen R, Corwell B, Yaseen Z, Hallett M, Cohen LG. Mechanisms of cortical reorganization in lower-limb amputees. J Neurosci. 1998;18:3443-3450.
24. Ramachandran V. Behavioral and magnetoencephalographic correlates of plasticity in the adult human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 1993;90:10413-10420.
25. Halligan PW, Marshall JC, Wade DT, Davey J, Morrison D. Thumb in cheek? Sensory reorganization and perceptual plasticity after limb amputation. NeuroReport 1993;4:233-236.
26. Garraghty PE, Hanes DP, Florence SL, Kaas JH. Pattern of peripheral deafferentation predicts reorganizational limits in adult primate somatosensory cortex. Somatosensory Motor Res. 1994;11:109-117.
27. Doetsch GS. Progressive changes in cutaneous trigger zones for sensation referred to a phantom hand: a case report and review with implications for cortical reorganization. Somatosensory Motor Res. 1997;14:6-16.
28. Lynn B, Perl ER. Afferent mechanisms of pain. In: Kruger L, ed. Pain and Touch, 2nd ed. San Diego: Academic Press; 1996: 213-241.
29. Cohen S, Ward LM, Enns JT. Taste, smell, touch, and pain. In: Cohen S, Ward LM, Enns JT, eds. Sensation and Perception, 5th ed. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace; 1999:210-250.
30. Chapman CR, Stillman M. Pathological pain. In. Kruger L, ed. Pain and Touch, 2nd ed. San Diego: Academic Press; 1996: 315-342.
31. Kligman AM, Balin AK. Aging of human skin. In: Balin AK, Kligman AM, eds. Aging and the Skin. New York: Raven Press; 1989:1-42.
32. Gescheider GA. Psychophysics, 3rd ed. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1997.
33. Stevens SS. On the psychophysical law. Psychol Rev. 1957;64: 153-181.
34. Borg G. Borg's Perceived Exertion and Pain Scales. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 1998.
35. Gracely RH, McGrath P, Durner R. Ratio scales of sensory and affective verbal pain descriptors. Pain 1978;5:5-18.
36. Gracely RH, Kwilosz DM. The Descriptor Differential Scale: applying psychophysical principles to clinical pain assessment. Pain 1988;35:279-288.
37. Jensen MP, Karoly P, Braver S. The measurement of clinical pain intensity: a comparison of six methods. Pain 1986;27: 117-126.
38. Duncan GH, Bushnell MC, Lavigne GJ. Comparison of verbal and visual analogue scales for measuring the intensity and unpleasantness of experimental pain. Pain 1989;37:295-303.
39. Connecticut Bioinstruments Inc. The Rapid Threshold Procedure (RPT).
40. Schulz LA, Bohannon RW, Morgan WJ. Normal digit tip values for the Weinstein Enhanced Sensory Test. J Hand Ther. 1998; 11:200-205.