Changes of tracer distributions in the doubled CO2 climate

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 106, Issue D22, 2001, Pages 28061-28079

  Rind, D ^a   Lerner, J ^a,b   McLinden, C ^c,d  

^a Och Spine at New York Presbyterian Hospitals   (United States)

^b SGT INC   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d ENVIRONMENT CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; CARBON DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; GLOBAL WARMING; STRATOSPHERE; TRACER; TROPOSPHERE;

EID: 0035685671     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2001JD000439     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Butchart, N., and A. A. Sciafe, Removal of chlorofluorocarbons by increased mass exchange between the stratosphere and troposphere, Nature, 410, 799-802, 2001.
2. Butchart, N., J. Austin, J. R. Knight, A. A. Scaife, and M. L. Gallani, The response of the stratospheric climate to projected changes in the concentration of well-mixed greenhouse gases from 1992 to 2051, J. Clim., 13, 2142-2159, 2000.
3. Douglass, A. R., M. J. Prather, T. M. Hall, S. E. Strahan, P. J. Rasch, L. C. Sparling, L. Coy, and J. M. Rodriguez, Choosing meteorological input for the global modeling initiative assessment of high-speed aircraft, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 27,545-27,564, 1999.
4. Fung, I., J. John, J. Lerner, E. Matthews, M. Prather, L. P. Steele, and P. J. Fraser, Three-dimensional model synthesis of the global methane cycle, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 13,033-13,065, 1991.
5. Gall, R. L., R. T. Williams, and T. L. Clark, Gravity waves generated during frontogenesis, J. Atm. Sci., 45, 2204-2219, 1988.
6. Hall, T. M., D. W. Waugh, K. A. Boering, and R. A. Plumb, Evaluation of transport in stratospheric models, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 18,815-18,839, 1999.
7. Hannegan, B., S. Olsen, M. Prather, X. Zhu, D. Rind, and J. Lerner, The dry stratosphere: A limit on cometary influx, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1649-1652, 1998.
8. Hartke, G., and D. Rind, Improved surface and boundary layer models for the Goddard Institute for Space Studies general circulation model, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 16,407-16,422, 1997.
9. 3, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 2655-2658, 1998.
10. Holton, J. R., P. H. Haynes, M. E. McIntyre, A. R. Douglass, R. Rood, and L. Pfister, Stratosphere-troposphere exchange, Rev. Geophys., 33, 403-439, 1995.
11. Intergovernment Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Climate Change 2001, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 2001.
12. McLinden, C. A., S. C. Olsen, B. Hannegan, O. Wild, M. J. Prather, and J. Sundet, Stratospheric ozone in three-dimensional models: A simple chemistry and the cross-tropopause flux, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 14,653-14,665, 2000.
13. 2, J. Geophys. Res., in press, 2001.
14. y system: Testing uncertainties in a three-dimensional framework, J. Geophys. Res., in press, 2001.
15. Pawson, S., et al., The GCM-Reality Intercomparison Project for SPARC (GRIPS): Scientific issues and initial results. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 81, 781-796, 2000.
16. Plumb, R. A., and J. Eluszkiweicz, The Brewer-Dobson circulation: Dynamics of tropical upwelling, J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 868-890, 1999.
17. Prather, M., Numerical advection by conservation of second-order moments, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 6671-6681, 1986.
18. Rind, D., The dynamics of warm and cold climates, J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 3-24, 1986.
19. Rind, D., and J. Lerner, The use of on-line tracers as a diagnostic tool in GCM model development, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 12,667-12,683, 1996.
20. Rind, D., and W. Rossow, The effects of physical processes on the Hadley circulation, J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 479-507, 1984.
21. Rind, D., R. Suozzo, N. K. Balachandran, A. Lacis, and G. L. Russell, The GISS Global Climate/Middle Atmosphere Model, part I, Model structure and climatology, J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 329-370, 1988.
22. 2 climate, J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 475-494, 1990.
23. 2 climate revisited, J. Clim., 11, 876-894, 1998.
24. Rind, D., J. Lerner, K. Shah, and R. Suozzo, Use of on-line tracers as a diagnostic tool in general circulation model development, 2, Transport between the troposphere and stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 9151-9167, 1999.
25. Rosenlof, K. H., et al., Stratospheric water vapor increases over the past half-century, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1195-1198, 2001.
26. Shindell, D., R. Miller, G. Schmidt, and L. Pandolfo, Simulation of recent northern winter climate trends by greenhouse-gas forcing, Nature, 399, 452-455, 1999.
27. Shindell, D. T., G. A. Schmidt, R. L. Miller, and D. Rind, Northern Hemisphere winter climate response to greenhouse gas, ozone, solar and volcanic forcing, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 7193-7211, 2001.
28. Tselioudis, G., A. D. DelGenio, W. Kovari, and M.-S. Yao, Temperature dependence of low cloud optical thickness in the GISS GCM: Contributing mechanisms and climate implications, J. Clim., 10, 3268-3281, 1997.
29. Zhou, X.-L., M. Geller, and M. Zhang, Cooling trend of the tropical cold point tropopause temperatures and its implications, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 1511-1522, 2001.