Syndicated service dependence and a lack of commitment to localism: Scripps newspapers and market subordination

Journalism and Mass Communication Quaterly

Volumn 78, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 519-532

  Adams, Edward E ^a   Baldasty, Gerald J ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 0035648570     PISSN: 10776990     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/107769900107800308     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. By 1907, he had established or purchased newspapers in Cleveland, Cincinnati, Columbus, Toledo, Covington, Kansas City, Des Moines, Los Angeles, Fresno, Sacramento, San Francisco, Portland, Seattle, Spokane, Tacoma, Berkeley, Akron, San Diego, Denver, Evansville, Pueblo, Terre Haute, Dallas, Oklahoma City, and Memphis.
2. Scripps was a minority shareholder in the Scripps-Booth chain, owners of the Detroit News, and a partner in the Clover Leaf Newspapers, which operated newspapers in Minneapolis, St. Paul, Des Moines, and Duluth.
3. See Gilson Gardner, Lusty Scripps (New York City: Vanguard Press, 1932); Negley D. Cochran, E.W. Scripps (New York City: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1933); Charles McCabe, Damned Old Crank: A Self Portrait of E.W. Scripps (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1951); Oliver Knight, I Protest: The Disquisitions of E.W. Scripps (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1966); Vance Trimble, The Astonishing Mr. Scripps: The Turbulent Life of America's Penny Press Lord (Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1992); Jack Casserly, Scripps, the Divided Dynasty: A History of the First Family of American Journalism (Donald I. Fine, Inc.: New York, 1993); Gerald J. Baldasty, E.W. Scripps and the Business of Newspapers (University of Illinois Press: Urbana, 1999).
4. See Gilson Gardner, Lusty Scripps (New York City: Vanguard Press, 1932); Negley D. Cochran, E.W. Scripps (New York City: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1933); Charles McCabe, Damned Old Crank: A Self Portrait of E.W. Scripps (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1951); Oliver Knight, I Protest: The Disquisitions of E.W. Scripps (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1966); Vance Trimble, The Astonishing Mr. Scripps: The Turbulent Life of America's Penny Press Lord (Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1992); Jack Casserly, Scripps, the Divided Dynasty: A History of the First Family of American Journalism (Donald I. Fine, Inc.: New York, 1993); Gerald J. Baldasty, E.W. Scripps and the Business of Newspapers (University of Illinois Press: Urbana, 1999).
5. See Gilson Gardner, Lusty Scripps (New York City: Vanguard Press, 1932); Negley D. Cochran, E.W. Scripps (New York City: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1933); Charles McCabe, Damned Old Crank: A Self Portrait of E.W. Scripps (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1951); Oliver Knight, I Protest: The Disquisitions of E.W. Scripps (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1966); Vance Trimble, The Astonishing Mr. Scripps: The Turbulent Life of America's Penny Press Lord (Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1992); Jack Casserly, Scripps, the Divided Dynasty: A History of the First Family of American Journalism (Donald I. Fine, Inc.: New York, 1993); Gerald J. Baldasty, E.W. Scripps and the Business of Newspapers (University of Illinois Press: Urbana, 1999).
6. See Gilson Gardner, Lusty Scripps (New York City: Vanguard Press, 1932); Negley D. Cochran, E.W. Scripps (New York City: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1933); Charles McCabe, Damned Old Crank: A Self Portrait of E.W. Scripps (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1951); Oliver Knight, I Protest: The Disquisitions of E.W. Scripps (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1966); Vance Trimble, The Astonishing Mr. Scripps: The Turbulent Life of America's Penny Press Lord (Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1992); Jack Casserly, Scripps, the Divided Dynasty: A History of the First Family of American Journalism (Donald I. Fine, Inc.: New York, 1993); Gerald J. Baldasty, E.W. Scripps and the Business of Newspapers (University of Illinois Press: Urbana, 1999).
7. See Gilson Gardner, Lusty Scripps (New York City: Vanguard Press, 1932); Negley D. Cochran, E.W. Scripps (New York City: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1933); Charles McCabe, Damned Old Crank: A Self Portrait of E.W. Scripps (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1951); Oliver Knight, I Protest: The Disquisitions of E.W. Scripps (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1966); Vance Trimble, The Astonishing Mr. Scripps: The Turbulent Life of America's Penny Press Lord (Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1992); Jack Casserly, Scripps, the Divided Dynasty: A History of the First Family of American Journalism (Donald I. Fine, Inc.: New York, 1993); Gerald J. Baldasty, E.W. Scripps and the Business of Newspapers (University of Illinois Press: Urbana, 1999).
8. See Gilson Gardner, Lusty Scripps (New York City: Vanguard Press, 1932); Negley D. Cochran, E.W. Scripps (New York City: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1933); Charles McCabe, Damned Old Crank: A Self Portrait of E.W. Scripps (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1951); Oliver Knight, I Protest: The Disquisitions of E.W. Scripps (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1966); Vance Trimble, The Astonishing Mr. Scripps: The Turbulent Life of America's Penny Press Lord (Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1992); Jack Casserly, Scripps, the Divided Dynasty: A History of the First Family of American Journalism (Donald I. Fine, Inc.: New York, 1993); Gerald J. Baldasty, E.W. Scripps and the Business of Newspapers (University of Illinois Press: Urbana, 1999).
9. See Gilson Gardner, Lusty Scripps (New York City: Vanguard Press, 1932); Negley D. Cochran, E.W. Scripps (New York City: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1933); Charles McCabe, Damned Old Crank: A Self Portrait of E.W. Scripps (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1951); Oliver Knight, I Protest: The Disquisitions of E.W. Scripps (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1966); Vance Trimble, The Astonishing Mr. Scripps: The Turbulent Life of America's Penny Press Lord (Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1992); Jack Casserly, Scripps, the Divided Dynasty: A History of the First Family of American Journalism (Donald I. Fine, Inc.: New York, 1993); Gerald J. Baldasty, E.W. Scripps and the Business of Newspapers (University of Illinois Press: Urbana, 1999).
10. See Clifford Weigle, "The Young Scripps Editor: Keystone to E. W.'s System," Journalism Quarterly 41 (summer 1964): 360-66; and Edward E. Adams, "Scripps Howard's Implementation of Joint Operating Agreements for Market Preservation, 1933-1939," Journalism History 23 (winter 1998): 165; and Edward E. Adams, "Secret Combinations and Collusive Agreements: The Scripps Newspaper Empire and the Early Roots of Joint Operating Agreements," Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly 73 (spring 1996): 205.
11. See Clifford Weigle, "The Young Scripps Editor: Keystone to E. W.'s System," Journalism Quarterly 41 (summer 1964): 360-66; and Edward E. Adams, "Scripps Howard's Implementation of Joint Operating Agreements for Market Preservation, 1933-1939," Journalism History 23 (winter 1998): 165; and Edward E. Adams, "Secret Combinations and Collusive Agreements: The Scripps Newspaper Empire and the Early Roots of Joint Operating Agreements," Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly 73 (spring 1996): 205.
12. See Clifford Weigle, "The Young Scripps Editor: Keystone to E. W.'s System," Journalism Quarterly 41 (summer 1964): 360-66; and Edward E. Adams, "Scripps Howard's Implementation of Joint Operating Agreements for Market Preservation, 1933-1939," Journalism History 23 (winter 1998): 165; and Edward E. Adams, "Secret Combinations and Collusive Agreements: The Scripps Newspaper Empire and the Early Roots of Joint Operating Agreements," Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly 73 (spring 1996): 205.
13. Joe S. Bain, Barriers to New Competition (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1956); Michael E. Porter, Competitive Strategy. Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors (New York: Free Press, 1980); Fahri Karakaya and Michael J. Stahl, Entry Barriers and Market Entry Decisions: A Guide for Marketing Executives (New York; Quorum Books, 1989; Robert G. Picard, Media Economics: Concepts and Issues (Newbury Park: Sage Publications, 1989); Robert G. Picard, James P. Winter, Maxwell E. McCombs, and Stephen Lacy, Press Concentration and Monopoly: New Perspectives on Newspaper Ownership and Operation (Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1988).
14. Joe S. Bain, Barriers to New Competition (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1956); Michael E. Porter, Competitive Strategy. Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors (New York: Free Press, 1980); Fahri Karakaya and Michael J. Stahl, Entry Barriers and Market Entry Decisions: A Guide for Marketing Executives (New York; Quorum Books, 1989; Robert G. Picard, Media Economics: Concepts and Issues (Newbury Park: Sage Publications, 1989); Robert G. Picard, James P. Winter, Maxwell E. McCombs, and Stephen Lacy, Press Concentration and Monopoly: New Perspectives on Newspaper Ownership and Operation (Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1988).
15. Joe S. Bain, Barriers to New Competition (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1956); Michael E. Porter, Competitive Strategy. Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors (New York: Free Press, 1980); Fahri Karakaya and Michael J. Stahl, Entry Barriers and Market Entry Decisions: A Guide for Marketing Executives (New York; Quorum Books, 1989; Robert G. Picard, Media Economics: Concepts and Issues (Newbury Park: Sage Publications, 1989); Robert G. Picard, James P. Winter, Maxwell E. McCombs, and Stephen Lacy, Press Concentration and Monopoly: New Perspectives on Newspaper Ownership and Operation (Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1988).
16. Joe S. Bain, Barriers to New Competition (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1956); Michael E. Porter, Competitive Strategy. Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors (New York: Free Press, 1980); Fahri Karakaya and Michael J. Stahl, Entry Barriers and Market Entry Decisions: A Guide for Marketing Executives (New York; Quorum Books, 1989; Robert G. Picard, Media Economics: Concepts and Issues (Newbury Park: Sage Publications, 1989); Robert G. Picard, James P. Winter, Maxwell E. McCombs, and Stephen Lacy, Press Concentration and Monopoly: New Perspectives on Newspaper Ownership and Operation (Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1988).
17. Joe S. Bain, Barriers to New Competition (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1956); Michael E. Porter, Competitive Strategy. Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors (New York: Free Press, 1980); Fahri Karakaya and Michael J. Stahl, Entry Barriers and Market Entry Decisions: A Guide for Marketing Executives (New York; Quorum Books, 1989; Robert G. Picard, Media Economics: Concepts and Issues (Newbury Park: Sage Publications, 1989); Robert G. Picard, James P. Winter, Maxwell E. McCombs, and Stephen Lacy, Press Concentration and Monopoly: New Perspectives on Newspaper Ownership and Operation (Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1988).
18. Alfred McClung Lee, The Daily Newspaper in America: The Evolution of a Social Instrument (New York: Macmillan, 1937), 214-15.
19. See N. W. Ayer & Son, American Newspaper Annual: 1880-1909 (Philadelphia: N. W. Ayer & Son, 1910), and N. W. Ayer & Son, American Newspaper Annual and Directory: 1912-1929 (Philadelphia: N. W. Ayer & Son, 1930).
20. See N. W. Ayer & Son, American Newspaper Annual: 1880-1909 (Philadelphia: N. W. Ayer & Son, 1910), and N. W. Ayer & Son, American Newspaper Annual and Directory: 1912-1929 (Philadelphia: N. W. Ayer & Son, 1930).
21. Lee, The Daily Newspaper in America, Table XVII.
22. Lee, The Daily Newspaper in America, Table XV.
23. Edward E. Adams, "The Newspaper Business and Anti-competitive Practices During the Gilded Age," Southwestern Mass Communication Journal 11 (spring 1996): 30-42.
24. E. W. Scripps to H. B. Clark, 14 February 1901, series 2, box 4, letterbook 7, 293b, E. W. Scripps Correspondence, Ohio University.
25. E. W. Scripps to E. F.Chase, E. H. Bagby, and W. H. Porterfield, 23 June 1902; "Proposed Plan of Illustrative and News Enterprise Bureau," 27 May 1902, both in series 2, box 6, letterbook 10, 468, 412, 414, E. W. Scripps Correspondence, Ohio University.
26. E. W. Scripps to Paul H. Blades, 16 July 1902, and E. W. Scripps to E. H. Wells, 16 July 1902, both in series 2, box 7, letterbook 11, 42, 43, E. W. Scripps Correspondence, Ohio University.
27. E. W. Scripps to Robert F. Paine, 4 August 1903, series 2, box 9, letterbook 13, E. W. Scripps papers.
28. Gerald J. Baldasty, E.W. Scripps and the Business of Newspapers (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1999), 46-47.
29. E. H. Wells to J. P. Hamilton, 1 February 1906, subseries 3.1, box 15, folder 6, E. W. Scripps Correspondence. The papers were the San Diegan Sun (53.7% NEA content), Portland Daily News (66.3%), Sacramento Star (44.9%), Seattle Star (32.8%), Cincinnati Post (27.5%), and Evansville Press (62.7%).
30. Trimble, The Astonishing Mr. Scripps, 254-55.
31. E. W. Scripps to Paul H. Blades, 16 and 24 July 1902, series 2, box 11, letterbook 2. E. W. Scripps Correspondence, Ohio University.
32. R. F. Paine, Western trip, 6 November 1906, series 3.2, box 15, folder 6, E. W. Scripps Correspondence, Ohio University.
33. J. C. Harper to R. F. Paine, 15 June 1908, subseries 3.1, box 27, folder 7; W. H. Porterfield to E. F. Chae, 4 May 1908, subseries 3.1, box 27, folder 3; W. H. Porterfield to B. H. Canfield, 9 December 1908, subseries 3.1, box 28, folder 11; W. H. Porterfield to Bensel Smythe, 14 May 1908, subseries 3.1,box 27, folder 3; E. H. Wells to H. C. Harper, 1908, n.d., subseries 3.1, box 26, folder 1, all E. W. Scripps Correspondence, Ohio University.
34. E. W. Scripps to R. F. Paine, 13 September 1905, subseries 1.2, box 6, folder 2; E. W. Scripps to R. F. Paine, 28 August 1905, subseries 1.2, box 5, folder 12, both E. W. Scripps Correspondence.
35. Roy W. Howard to E. W. Scripps, 29 April 1922, subseries 1.1, box 39, folder 7, E. W. Scripps papers.
36. Roy W. Howard to E. W. Scripps, 29 April 1922, subseries 1.1, box 39, folder 7, E. W. Scripps papers.
37. Roy W. Howard to E. W. Scripps, 29 April 1922, subseries 1.1, box 39, folder 7, E. W. Scripps papers.
38. Charles F. Mosher to E. W. Scripps, Bob Scripps, and Roy W. Howard, Financial Report, 4 May 1922, subseries 1.1, box 39, folder 7, E. W. Scripps papers.
39. Roy W. Howard to Robert P. Scripps, 4 December 1922, subseries 3.1, box 56, folder 1, E. W. Scripps papers.
40. Roy W. Howard to Robert P. Scripps, 1 November 1922, subseries 3.1, box 56, folder 1, E. W. Scripps papers.
41. Roy W. Howard to Robert P. Scripps, 1 November 1922, subseries 3.1, box 56, folder 1, E. W. Scripps papers.
42. Editor & Publisher and Scripps papers.
43. Trimble, The Astonishing Mr. Scripps, 255-57.
44. Trimble, The Astonishing Mr. Scripps, 260-65.
45. Roy W. Howard to Robert L. Paine, 1 Nov. 1922, subseries 3.1, box 56, folder 1, E. W. Scripps papers.
46. Roy W. Howard to Robert L. Paine, 1 Nov. 1922, subseries 3.1, box 56, folder 1, E. W. Scripps papers.
47. Roy W. Howard to Robert L. Paine, 1 Nov. 1922, subseries 3.1, box 56, folder 1, E. W. Scripps papers.
48. Compare Roy W. Howard to Robert L. Paine, 1 Nov. 1922, subseries 3.1, box 56, folder 1, and Roy W. Howard to Robert L. Paine, 20 June 1924, subseries 3.1, box 56, folder 4, E. W. Scripps papers.
49. See Edward E. Adams, "Secret Combinations and Collusive Agreements: The Scripps Newspaper Empire and the Early Roots of Joint Operating Agreements," Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 73 (spring 1996): 195-205.
50. E. W. Scripps to Robert F. Paine, 4 August 1903, series 2, box 9, letterbook 13, E. W. Scripps papers.