Lords of the ring: The fight to build the first U.S. electron-positron collider

Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences

Volumn 31, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 355-380

  Paris, Elizabeth ^a  

^a MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0035638695     PISSN: 08909997     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1525/hsps.2001.31.2.355     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Wilson to McDaniel, 30 Jul 1965, AEC.
2. When Norwegian physicist Rolf Wideröe considered applying for a patent on the idea of colliding beams in 1943, his Hamburg colleague Bruno Touscheck thought it too obvious to qualify by itself. Wideröe added to his idea and gained a German patent in September of 1943, which was not made public until 1953. Rolf Wideröe, The infancy of particle accelerators, ed. Pedro Waloschek (Braunschweig, 1994), 82.
3. E.J. Lofgren, "Bevatron operational experiences," CERN Symposium on High Energy Accelerators and Pion Physics, 11-23 June 1956, Proceedings, ed. E. Regenstreif (Geneva, 1956), 498.
4. Elizabeth Paris, "Ringing in the new physics: The politics and technology of electron colliders in the United States, 1956-1972" (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Pittsburgh, 1999), chapt. 2.
5. AEC, Division of Research, draft "Report of the GAC-PSAC panel on high energy accelerator physics, discussion paper," n.d. [probably late May, 1963], AEC, 2.
6. Kent Curtis, memo to George Kolstad, "Summary of comments on Ramsey Panel Report," 6 Sep 1963, AEC.
7. Paris (ref. 4), chapt. 3.
8. Cambridge Electron Accelerator Laboratory, "Proposal for a 3 GeV electron-positron storage ring at the Cambridge Electron Accelerator, 30 Apr 1965," SLAC, 6-7.
9. Burton Richter, interview with Elizabeth Paris, 15 Jul 1996.
10. Paris (ref. 4), chapt. 3.
11. Ramsey to Panofsky, 24 Apr 1956, and reply, 1 June 1956, CEA.
12. Panofsky to R.B. Neal, J. Ballam, R.D. Jamtgaard, W. Kirk, Burton Richter, and Dave Ritson, 1 Feb 1963, SLAC; Richard Wilson, phone interview, 18 Jul 1991.
13. Stanley Livingston to G.A. Kolstad, 17 Sep 1963, SLAC.
14. Panofsky (ref. 12).
15. Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, "Report on plans for a 3 BeV electron-positron storage ring for the SLAC accelerator, March 1963," SLAC.
16. McDaniel to Panofsky, 16 Oct 1963, SLAC.
17. Panofsky to L.G. Mohr, 3 Apr 1963, SLAC.
18. Ref. 33, 1-2 and 4-5, and ref. 8, 5-9.
19. Wilson (ref. 12).
20. Livingston to McDaniel, 9 Apr 1964, CEA.
21. Wilson to Livingston [between Aug and Oct 1963?], CEA.
22. Livingston to Panofsky, 6 Apr 1964, SLAC.
23. Panofsky to Livingston, 6 Apr 1964, SLAC.
24. McDaniel to Livingston, 8 May 1964, AEC.
25. Ref. 20.
26. Robert R. Wilson to McDaniel, 30 Apr 1964, SLAC. The Ramsey Panel had suggested a 10 GeV electron synchrotron for Cornell, which would be mentioned with SLAC's 20 GeV project in financial discussions. Curtis memo (ref. 6), 1963, and Hearings before the Subcommittee on Research, Development, and Radiation of the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, Congress of the United States, Eighty-Ninth Congress, first session on high energy physics research, 2-5 Mar 1965, Proceedings (Washington, D.C., 1965), 125-127.
27. McDaniel, 8 May 1964.
28. John Blewett to Robert R. Wilson, 5 May 1964, AEC.
29. Electron Positron Storage Ring Evaluation Committee, "Minutes," 29 Apr 1964, p. 2, AEC.
30. Ibid., 3.
31. William A. Wallenmeyer to Panofsky, 28 May 1964, SLAC, and Panofsky, memo to Storage Ring Group, 27 May 1964, SLAC.
32. Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, "Proposal for a high-energy electron-positron colliding beam facility at the Stanford Linear Accelerator, March 1964," p. 123, SLAC.
33. Cambridge Electron Accelerator Laboratory, "Proposal for a storage ring at the Cambridge Electron Accelerator, 7 Apr 1964," p. 21, CEA.
34. L. Jackson Laslett, "Remarks made on the 21 May 1964 to L.J. Laslett, by Andrew Sessler, Lawrence Radiation Lab., re: proposed CEA and Stanford storage rings," p. 1, AEC; Gerard K. O'Neill, memo to J.P. Blewett, M.L. Goldberger, L.[J.] Laslett, P.W. McDaniel, R.L. Walker, R.R. Wilson, "CEA and SLAC storage-ring proposals," circa 15 May 1964, pp. 1 and 3, AEC.
35. L. Jackson Laslett, "Remarks made on the 21 May 1964 to L.J. Laslett, by Andrew Sessler, Lawrence Radiation Lab., re: proposed CEA and Stanford storage rings," p. 1, AEC; Gerard K. O'Neill, memo to J.P. Blewett, M.L. Goldberger, L.[J.] Laslett, P.W. McDaniel, R.L. Walker, R.R. Wilson, "CEA and SLAC storage-ring proposals," circa 15 May 1964, pp. 1 and 3, AEC.
36. C.L. Gould, "Evaluation of storage ring vacuum system proposals," enclosure in a letter from Blewett to Laslett, 11 May 1964, AEC.
37. Symon to W.A. Wallenmeyer, 15 May 1964, AEC.
38. From Laslett, 21 May 1964, 1.
39. Christophe Lecuyer, "Making Silicon Valley: Engineering culture, innovation, and industrial growth, 1930-1970" (Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford University, 2000), chapt. 2.
40. Laslett (ref. 37), 2.
41. Ibid.
42. Richard Wilson to Panofsky, 11 June 1964, AEC, and L. Jackson Laslett to J.P. Blewett, M.L. Goldberger, R.L. Walker, R.R. Wilson, "Change of plans for a discussion on 19 June 1964 with CEA representatives," 17 June 1964, AEC.
43. John P. Blewett, Marvin L. Goldberger, Robert L. Walker, R.R. Wilson, and L. Jackson Laslett, "Report to the AEC Division of Research of the Scientific Selection Committee for an Electron-Positron Storage-Ring Facility." 13 Jul 1964, SLAC, 15-16.
44. Matthew Sands, interview with Elizabeth Paris, 7 Jul 1996.
45. McDaniel to Laslett, 6 Aug 1964, pp. 1-2, AEC.
46. Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, "Proposal for a high-energy electron-positron colliding beam facility at the Stanford Linear Accelerator, revised June 1965," iii, 147-150, SLAC.
47. Cambridge Electron Accelerator Laboratory, "Proposal for a 3 GeV electron-positron storage ring at the Cambridge Electron Accelerator," 30 Apr 1965, SLAC, 2-3.
48. Paris (ref. 4), chapt. 5.
49. Burton Richter, "Storage ring developments in Europe and the USSR," 2 Oct 1969, 1-2, SLAC.
50. Burton Richter, "Colliding beams," SLAC beamline (Nov. 1984), 5-6; The Orsay Storage Ring Group, "Measurements of the characteristics of ACO with weak beams," in H. Zyngier and E. Cremieu-Alcan, eds., International Symposium on Electron and Positron Storage Rings, Proceeding, 26-30 Sep 1966, Saclay, France (Paris, n.d.), II-3-1; Panofsky, "Accelerators of the U.S.S.R.," Hearings before the Subcommittee on Research, Development, and Radiation, 199.
51. Burton Richter, "Colliding beams," SLAC beamline (Nov. 1984), 5-6; The Orsay Storage Ring Group, "Measurements of the characteristics of ACO with weak beams," in H. Zyngier and E. Cremieu-Alcan, eds., International Symposium on Electron and Positron Storage Rings, Proceeding, 26-30 Sep 1966, Saclay, France (Paris, n.d.), II-3-1; Panofsky, "Accelerators of the U.S.S.R.," Hearings before the Subcommittee on Research, Development, and Radiation, 199.
52. Burton Richter, "Colliding beams," SLAC beamline (Nov. 1984), 5-6; The Orsay Storage Ring Group, "Measurements of the characteristics of ACO with weak beams," in H. Zyngier and E. Cremieu-Alcan, eds., International Symposium on Electron and Positron Storage Rings, Proceeding, 26-30 Sep 1966, Saclay, France (Paris, n.d.), II-3-1; Panofsky, "Accelerators of the U.S.S.R.," Hearings before the Subcommittee on Research, Development, and Radiation, 199.
53. Burton Richter, "Colliding beams," SLAC beamline (Nov. 1984), 5-6; The Orsay Storage Ring Group, "Measurements of the characteristics of ACO with weak beams," in H. Zyngier and E. Cremieu-Alcan, eds., International Symposium on Electron and Positron Storage Rings, Proceeding, 26-30 Sep 1966, Saclay, France (Paris, n.d.), II-3-1; Panofsky, "Accelerators of the U.S.S.R.," Hearings before the Subcommittee on Research, Development, and Radiation, 199.
54. Panofsky to McDaniel, 7 Oct 1965, p. 2, SLAC.
55. Matthew Sands, "Highlights of European progress on colliding beam storage rings," 13 Oct 1966, enclosure in a letter to McDaniel, 14 Oct 1966, p. 3, SLAC.
56. Burton Richter, "Current status of storage ring work in europe and the United States," 17 Feb 1966, SLAC.
57. Panofsky, memo to directors, R. Fuendeling, and B. Richter, 24 Apr 1969, SLAC, and Hosmer to Panofsky, 25 Mar 1969, SLAC.
58. R.B. Neal to Panofsky, 31 Oct 1966, SLAC.
59. Sands (ref. 43).
60. Richter (ref. 9).
61. Panofsky to J. Ballam, R. Moulton, R.B. Neal, F.V.L. Pindar, M. Sands, B. Richter, and R. Fuendeling, 7 Oct 1968, SLAC.
62. Panofsky to Wallenmeyer, 28 Jan 1969, SLAC.
63. Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, AEC Schedule 44, "'Construction project data sheet' for electron-positron storage ring at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA, submitted to San Francisco Operations Office," 18 Jul 1969, p. 6, SLAC.
64. Ibid., 3; Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, 1964, 44.
65. McDaniel to Panofsky, 5 June 1969, SLAC.
66. Panofsky to H. Heffner, 10 Sep 1969, SLAC.
67. John P. Abbadessa, interview with Elizabeth Paris, 23 Aug 1996.
68. "As you know the storage ring was given a priority lower than the Brookhaven Large Volume Bubble Chamber within the AEC but that even so the BNL chamber is not included in the regular AEC budget as submitted to the BOB. The chance of the storage ring proposal's being accepted as is are therefore still slim to say the least excepting such unlikely events as an end of the Viet Nam [sic] War." Panofsky to M. Sands, J. Ballam, B. Richter, R. Fuendeling, "Storage ring strategy," 25 Oct 1967, SLAC.
69. Panofsky, memo to J. Ballam, R. Jamtgaard, R. Neal, F. Pindar, J. Rees, B. Richter, M. Sands, J. Walling, and S. Drell, "Storage ring discussions in Washington," 8 Nov 1966, p. 2, SLAC.
70. Budget information from U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, 1972 Financial report (Washington, 22 Sep 1972), 24, 32, 52, 63. The excludes "information relating to weapons and production inventories for security reasons." Cf. Catherine Westfall and Lillian Hoddeson, "Thinking small in big science: The founding of Fermilab, 1960-1972," Technology and culture, 37 (1996), 457-492, and Robert R. Wilson and Adrienne Kolb, "Building Fermilab: A user's paradise," in Hoddeson et al. (ref. 49) 338-363.
71. Budget information from U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, 1972 Financial report (Washington, 22 Sep 1972), 24, 32, 52, 63. The excludes "information relating to weapons and production inventories for security reasons." Cf. Catherine Westfall and Lillian Hoddeson, "Thinking small in big science: The founding of Fermilab, 1960-1972," Technology and culture, 37 (1996), 457-492, and Robert R. Wilson and Adrienne Kolb, "Building Fermilab: A user's paradise," in Hoddeson et al. (ref. 49) 338-363.
72. Budget information from U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, 1972 Financial report (Washington, 22 Sep 1972), 24, 32, 52, 63. The excludes "information relating to weapons and production inventories for security reasons." Cf. Catherine Westfall and Lillian Hoddeson, "Thinking small in big science: The founding of Fermilab, 1960-1972," Technology and culture, 37 (1996), 457-492, and Robert R. Wilson and Adrienne Kolb, "Building Fermilab: A user's paradise," in Hoddeson et al. (ref. 49) 338-363.
73. Abbadessa (ref. 63).
74. Atomic Energy Commission, Joint Committee on Atomic Energy FY1971 Hearings, pp. 249-251, SLAC.
75. McDaniel to E.C. Shute, 18 May 1970, SLAC.
76. Abbadessa (ref. 63).
77. Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, 18 Jul 1969, 6.
78. Atomic Energy Commission (ref. 66), 24.
79. Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, "Special Progress Report - April 1972," 1 May 1972, from the personal papers of John Rees.