The Law of White Spaces: Race, Culture, and Legal Education

Journal of Legal Education

Volumn 51, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 15-33

  Goodrich, Peter ^a   Mills, Linda G ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 0035621337     PISSN: 00222208     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. This argument draws from Derrick Bell, Wanted: A White Leader Able to Free Whites of Racism, 33 U.C. Davis L. Rev. 527 (2000).
2. The scholarly expression of this position can be found in Richard Delgado, The Imperial Scholar: Reflections on a Review of Civil Rights Literature, 132 U. Pa. L. Rev. 561 (1984). Delgado points out that even the radical legal scholarship associated with the civil rights movement of the time was written almost exclusively by elite white male scholars. The study is usefully reprised and updated in Richard Delgado, The Imperial Scholar Revisited: How to Marginalize Outsider Writing, Ten Years Later, 140 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1349 (1992).
3. The scholarly expression of this position can be found in Richard Delgado, The Imperial Scholar: Reflections on a Review of Civil Rights Literature, 132 U. Pa. L. Rev. 561 (1984). Delgado points out that even the radical legal scholarship associated with the civil rights movement of the time was written almost exclusively by elite white male scholars. The study is usefully reprised and updated in Richard Delgado, The Imperial Scholar Revisited: How to Marginalize Outsider Writing, Ten Years Later, 140 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1349 (1992).
4. 57 Cambridge L.J. 612, 612 (1998) (reviewing Andrei Marmor, ed., Law and Interpretation (1997)).
5. Case 01359/93 (Decision): Qureshi v. Victoria University of Manchester and Professor Brazier (1997). Case 01359/93 (Remedy Decision): Qureshi v. Victoria University of Manchester and Professor Brazier (1997). Subsequent references to these decisions will be in parentheses in the text. References will be by page and then paragraph number; references to the Remedy Decision will be prefaced R. Victimization, unique to England, is a specific legal form of discrimination defined in terms of retaliation against those who have asserted their right to equal treatment.
6. On attending to silence, see Linda G. Mills, On the Other Side of Silence: Affective Lawyering for Intimate Abuse, 86 Cornell L. Rev. 1225 (1996). On the violence in silence, see Linda G. Mills, Killing Her Softly: Intimate Abuse and the Violence of State Intervention, 113 Harvard L. Rev. 550 (1999).
7. On attending to silence, see Linda G. Mills, On the Other Side of Silence: Affective Lawyering for Intimate Abuse, 86 Cornell L. Rev. 1225 (1996). On the violence in silence, see Linda G. Mills, Killing Her Softly: Intimate Abuse and the Violence of State Intervention, 113 Harvard L. Rev. 550 (1999).
8. For a discussion of white privilege in the legal academy, see Jane Harris Aiken, Striving to Teach "Justice, Fairness, and Morality," 4 Clinical L. Rev. 1 (1997). On white colorblindness, see Barbara J. Flagg, "Was Blind, But Now I See": White Race Consciousness and the Requirement of Discriminatory Intent, 91 Mich. L. Rev. 953 (1993). On "white studies," see Ruth Frankenberg, White Women, Race Matters: The Social Construction of Whiteness (Minneapolis, 1993). For salutary caution on questions of color and identity, see Paul Gilroy, Against Race: Imagining Political Culture Beyond the Color Line (Cambridge, Mass., 2000).
9. For a discussion of white privilege in the legal academy, see Jane Harris Aiken, Striving to Teach "Justice, Fairness, and Morality," 4 Clinical L. Rev. 1 (1997). On white colorblindness, see Barbara J. Flagg, "Was Blind, But Now I See": White Race Consciousness and the Requirement of Discriminatory Intent, 91 Mich. L. Rev. 953 (1993). On "white studies," see Ruth Frankenberg, White Women, Race Matters: The Social Construction of Whiteness (Minneapolis, 1993). For salutary caution on questions of color and identity, see Paul Gilroy, Against Race: Imagining Political Culture Beyond the Color Line (Cambridge, Mass., 2000).
10. For a discussion of white privilege in the legal academy, see Jane Harris Aiken, Striving to Teach "Justice, Fairness, and Morality," 4 Clinical L. Rev. 1 (1997). On white colorblindness, see Barbara J. Flagg, "Was Blind, But Now I See": White Race Consciousness and the Requirement of Discriminatory Intent, 91 Mich. L. Rev. 953 (1993). On "white studies," see Ruth Frankenberg, White Women, Race Matters: The Social Construction of Whiteness (Minneapolis, 1993). For salutary caution on questions of color and identity, see Paul Gilroy, Against Race: Imagining Political Culture Beyond the Color Line (Cambridge, Mass., 2000).
11. For a discussion of white privilege in the legal academy, see Jane Harris Aiken, Striving to Teach "Justice, Fairness, and Morality," 4 Clinical L. Rev. 1 (1997). On white colorblindness, see Barbara J. Flagg, "Was Blind, But Now I See": White Race Consciousness and the Requirement of Discriminatory Intent, 91 Mich. L. Rev. 953 (1993). On "white studies," see Ruth Frankenberg, White Women, Race Matters: The Social Construction of Whiteness (Minneapolis, 1993). For salutary caution on questions of color and identity, see Paul Gilroy, Against Race: Imagining Political Culture Beyond the Color Line (Cambridge, Mass., 2000).
12. For a discussion of the micropolitics of such denial in the context of judging, see Linda G. Mills, A Penchant for Prejudice: Unraveling Bias in Judicial Decision Making (Ann Arbor, 1999).
13. Boston, 1980.
14. Derrick Bell, Confronting Authority: Reflections of an Ardent Protester 104-09 (Boston, 1994). See also Peter Goodrich, Duncan Kennedy as I Imagine Him, 23 Cardozo L. Rev. 713 (2001).
15. Derrick Bell, Confronting Authority: Reflections of an Ardent Protester 104-09 (Boston, 1994). See also Peter Goodrich, Duncan Kennedy as I Imagine Him, 23 Cardozo L. Rev. 713 (2001).
16. On "outsider" jurisprudence, see Francisco Valdes, Under Construction: LatCrit Consciousness, Community, and Theory, 10 La Raza L.J. 1 (1998); 85 Calif. L. Rev. 1087 (1997). For a history and compilation of key texts from the movement, see Kimberle Crenshaw et al., eds., Critical Race Theory: The Key Writings That Formed the Movement (New York, 1995) [hereinafter Critical Race Theory]. For further readings, see Richard Delgado, ed., Critical Race Theory: The Cutting Edge (Philadelphia, 1995); Adrien Katherine Wing, ed., Critical Race Feminism: A Reader (New York, 1997).
17. On "outsider" jurisprudence, see Francisco Valdes, Under Construction: LatCrit Consciousness, Community, and Theory, 10 La Raza L.J. 1 (1998); 85 Calif. L. Rev. 1087 (1997). For a history and compilation of key texts from the movement, see Kimberle Crenshaw et al., eds., Critical Race Theory: The Key Writings That Formed the Movement (New York, 1995) [hereinafter Critical Race Theory]. For further readings, see Richard Delgado, ed., Critical Race Theory: The Cutting Edge (Philadelphia, 1995); Adrien Katherine Wing, ed., Critical Race Feminism: A Reader (New York, 1997).
18. On "outsider" jurisprudence, see Francisco Valdes, Under Construction: LatCrit Consciousness, Community, and Theory, 10 La Raza L.J. 1 (1998); 85 Calif. L. Rev. 1087 (1997). For a history and compilation of key texts from the movement, see Kimberle Crenshaw et al., eds., Critical Race Theory: The Key Writings That Formed the Movement (New York, 1995) [hereinafter Critical Race Theory]. For further readings, see Richard Delgado, ed., Critical Race Theory: The Cutting Edge (Philadelphia, 1995); Adrien Katherine Wing, ed., Critical Race Feminism: A Reader (New York, 1997).
19. On "outsider" jurisprudence, see Francisco Valdes, Under Construction: LatCrit Consciousness, Community, and Theory, 10 La Raza L.J. 1 (1998); 85 Calif. L. Rev. 1087 (1997). For a history and compilation of key texts from the movement, see Kimberle Crenshaw et al., eds., Critical Race Theory: The Key Writings That Formed the Movement (New York, 1995) [hereinafter Critical Race Theory]. For further readings, see Richard Delgado, ed., Critical Race Theory: The Cutting Edge (Philadelphia, 1995); Adrien Katherine Wing, ed., Critical Race Feminism: A Reader (New York, 1997).
20. On "outsider" jurisprudence, see Francisco Valdes, Under Construction: LatCrit Consciousness, Community, and Theory, 10 La Raza L.J. 1 (1998); 85 Calif. L. Rev. 1087 (1997). For a history and compilation of key texts from the movement, see Kimberle Crenshaw et al., eds., Critical Race Theory: The Key Writings That Formed the Movement (New York, 1995) [hereinafter Critical Race Theory]. For further readings, see Richard Delgado, ed., Critical Race Theory: The Cutting Edge (Philadelphia, 1995); Adrien Katherine Wing, ed., Critical Race Feminism: A Reader (New York, 1997).
21. On intersectionality, see Kimberle Crenshaw, Mapping the Margins: lntersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color, in Crenshaw et al., Critical Race Theory, supra note 10, at 357; on rhetorics of resistance, see Kendall Thomas, Rouge et Noir Reread: A Popular Constitutional History of the Angelo Herndon Case, in Crenshaw et al., Critical Race Theory, supra note 10, at 465.
22. On intersectionality, see Kimberle Crenshaw, Mapping the Margins: lntersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color, in Crenshaw et al., Critical Race Theory, supra note 10, at 357; on rhetorics of resistance, see Kendall Thomas, Rouge et Noir Reread: A Popular Constitutional History of the Angelo Herndon Case, in Crenshaw et al., Critical Race Theory, supra note 10, at 465.
23. On the unconscious character of racism, see Charles R. Lawrence III, The Id, the Ego, and Equal Protection: Reckoning with Unconscious Racism, 39 Stan. L. Rev. 317 (1987).
24. For analysis of race and work, see Devon W. Carbodo & Mitu Gulati, Working Identity, 85 Cornell L. Rev. 1259 (2000).
25. 58 Cambridge L.J. 222, 222 (1999) (reviewing N. E. H. Hull, Roscoe Pound, and Karl Llewellyn: Searching for an American Jurisprudence (1997)).
26. 55 Cambridge L.J. 150, 152 (1996) (reviewing Neil Duxbury, Patterns of American Jurisprudence (1995)).
27. Kramer, supra note 3, at 612.
28. 62 Mod. L. Rev. 314, 314 (1999) (reviewing Andrew Halpin, Rights and Law: Analysis and Theory (1997)).
29. Kramer, supra note 15, at 152.
30. 58 Cambridge L.J. 437, 438 (1999) (reviewing Gregory Alexander, Commodity and Propriety: Competing Visions of Property in American Legal Thought (1997)).
31. Kramer, supra note 3, at 612.
32. Id. at 614.
33. On the legal rhetoric of denunciation - the antirrhetic - see Peter Goodrich, Oedipus Lex: Psychoanalysis, History, Law, 41-67 (Berkeley, 1995). On the constitution of Englishness, see Peter Goodrich, Critical Legal Studies in England: Prospective Histories, 12 Oxford J. Legal Stud. 195 (1992).
34. On the legal rhetoric of denunciation - the antirrhetic - see Peter Goodrich, Oedipus Lex: Psychoanalysis, History, Law, 41-67 (Berkeley, 1995). On the constitution of Englishness, see Peter Goodrich, Critical Legal Studies in England: Prospective Histories, 12 Oxford J. Legal Stud. 195 (1992).
35. Richard Delgado & Jean Stefancic, Critical Race Theory: Past, Present and Future, 51 Current Legal Probs. 467 (1998).
36. See Peter Fitzpatrick, Racism and the Innocence of Law, in Critical Legal Studies, eds. Peter Fitzpatrick & Alan Hunt, 119 (Oxford, Eng., 1987); Peter Fitzpatrick, The Mythology of Modern Law 113-18 (London, 1992); Eve Darian Smith & Peter Fitzpatrick, eds., Law and Colonialism, 6 Law & Critique (1995); Eve Darian-Smith & Peter Fitzpatrick, eds., Laws of the Postcolonial (Ann Arbor, 1999).
37. See Peter Fitzpatrick, Racism and the Innocence of Law, in Critical Legal Studies, eds. Peter Fitzpatrick & Alan Hunt, 119 (Oxford, Eng., 1987); Peter Fitzpatrick, The Mythology of Modern Law 113-18 (London, 1992); Eve Darian Smith & Peter Fitzpatrick, eds., Law and Colonialism, 6 Law & Critique (1995); Eve Darian-Smith & Peter Fitzpatrick, eds., Laws of the Postcolonial (Ann Arbor, 1999).
38. See Peter Fitzpatrick, Racism and the Innocence of Law, in Critical Legal Studies, eds. Peter Fitzpatrick & Alan Hunt, 119 (Oxford, Eng., 1987); Peter Fitzpatrick, The Mythology of Modern Law 113-18 (London, 1992); Eve Darian Smith & Peter Fitzpatrick, eds., Law and Colonialism, 6 Law & Critique (1995); Eve Darian-Smith & Peter Fitzpatrick, eds., Laws of the Postcolonial (Ann Arbor, 1999).
39. See Peter Fitzpatrick, Racism and the Innocence of Law, in Critical Legal Studies, eds. Peter Fitzpatrick & Alan Hunt, 119 (Oxford, Eng., 1987); Peter Fitzpatrick, The Mythology of Modern Law 113-18 (London, 1992); Eve Darian Smith & Peter Fitzpatrick, eds., Law and Colonialism, 6 Law & Critique (1995); Eve Darian-Smith & Peter Fitzpatrick, eds., Laws of the Postcolonial (Ann Arbor, 1999).
40. Patricia Leighton et al., Today's Law Teachers: Lawyers or Academics? 1-4 (London, 1995).
41. William Twining, Blackstone's Tower: The English Law School 64-90 (London, 1994).
42. Phil Harris & Martin Jones, A Survey of Law Schools in the United Kingdom, 1996, 31 Law Tchr. 38 (1997).
43. Melvyn Bragg, Radio 4 Interview of Patricia Williams, Feb. 27, 1997.
44. She's a Militant Black Feminist Who Thinks All Whites Are Racist and That the Family Is Wrong, Daily Mail, Jan. 17, 1997, at 9.
45. A Mutinous Voice in the Melting Pot, Sunday Times, Jan. 26, 1997, § 4 (News Review), at 7.
46. Exclusive: A Preview of This Year's Reith Lectures (if you can understand a word the lady is saying), Daily Mail, Jan. 21, 1997.
47. Scotland on Sunday, March 2, 1997 (Radio Review, Spectrum, p. 21).
48. People in the News: Lecture One - the tedium is the message, The Monday Interview - Prof. Patricia Williams, Daily Telegraph, Jan. 27, 1997, at 32.
49. Exposed! The Sad Truth About Melinda Mania, Mail on Sunday, Feb. 2, 1997, at 3. It should be noted that some journalists found Williams's lectures enjoyable. They were particularly taken by her personal style and by her "finely modulated, exquisitely refined voice." Anne Karpf, Review: Racist Rant? Too Polite by Half; The Reith Lectures, BBC Radio 4, Guardian, Feb. 26, 1997, at 2. See also Gillian Reynolds, The Arts: Not a Black and White Issue on Radio, Daily Telegraph, March 4, 1997, at 21.
50. Exposed! The Sad Truth About Melinda Mania, Mail on Sunday, Feb. 2, 1997, at 3. It should be noted that some journalists found Williams's lectures enjoyable. They were particularly taken by her personal style and by her "finely modulated, exquisitely refined voice." Anne Karpf, Review: Racist Rant? Too Polite by Half; The Reith Lectures, BBC Radio 4, Guardian, Feb. 26, 1997, at 2. See also Gillian Reynolds, The Arts: Not a Black and White Issue on Radio, Daily Telegraph, March 4, 1997, at 21.
51. Exposed! The Sad Truth About Melinda Mania, Mail on Sunday, Feb. 2, 1997, at 3. It should be noted that some journalists found Williams's lectures enjoyable. They were particularly taken by her personal style and by her "finely modulated, exquisitely refined voice." Anne Karpf, Review: Racist Rant? Too Polite by Half; The Reith Lectures, BBC Radio 4, Guardian, Feb. 26, 1997, at 2. See also Gillian Reynolds, The Arts: Not a Black and White Issue on Radio, Daily Telegraph, March 4, 1997, at 21.
52. Colour-Blindness Does No Colour Kindness, Indep., March 9, 1997, at 15.
53. We can note, not without irony, that a recent inquiry into the English police's handling of racially motivated crimes concluded unequivocally that "institutional racism" was endemic in the Metropolitan Police Service. See The Stephen Lawrence Inquiry: Report of an Inquiry by Sir William MacPherson of Cluny 645 (London, 1999) (available at ).
54. In classical logic "ad feminam" refers to an argument as to a thing. We here update the usage and use the phrase to refer to the gender complement of ad hominem arguments.
55. For mode of referencing, see supra note 4.
56. William Blackstone, 1 Commentaries on the Laws of England 64 (Chicago, 1979).