The gut of termites (Isoptera) comparative anatomy, systematics, phylogeny. II. - Higher termites (Termitidae)

Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France

Volumn 37, Issue 4, 2001, Pages 431-471

  Noirot, Charles ^a  

^a UMR 5548   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0035561783     PISSN: 00379271     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (104)

1. AHMAD M., 1950. - The phylogeny of termite genera based on imago-worker mandibles. - Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 95 : 37-86.
2. -1976. - The soldierless termite genera of the Oriental region, with a note on their phylogeny (Isoptera, Termitidae). - Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 8 : 105-123.
3. AHMAD M. & AKHTAR S., 1981. - New termite genera of the Capritermes complex from Malaysia, with a note on the status of Pseudocapritermes (Isoptera : Termitidae). - Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 13 : 1-21.
4. AKHTAR M. S. & IQBAL N., 1987. - The digestive tube and enteric valve armature of termite species of the genera Speculitermes and Indotermes (Isoptera: Termitidae). - Sociobiology, 13 : 279-286.
5. ALLEE W. C., EMERSON A. E., PARK O., PARK T. & SCHMIDT K. P., 1949. - Principles of Animal Ecology. Philadelphia and London : W.B. Saunders.
6. ANKLIN-MÜHLEMANN R., BIGNELL D. E., VEIVERS P. C., LEUTHOLD R. H. & SLAYTOR M., 1995. -Morphological, microbiological and biochemical studies of the gut flora in the fungus-growing termite Macrotermes subhyalinus. - Journal of Insect Physiology, 41 : 929-940.
7. BIGNELL D. E., 1994. - Soil-feeding and gut morphology in higher termites. In : J. H. Hunt & C. A. Nalepa (eds): Nourishment and Evolution in Insect Societies, p. 131-157. Boulder : Westview Press.
8. -2000. - Introduction to symbiosis. In : T. Abe, D. E. Bignell & M. Higashi (eds), Termites: Evolution, Sociality, Symbiosis, Ecology, p. 189-208. Kluwer, Dordrecht.
9. BIGNELL D. E. & EGGLETON P., 1995. - On the elevated intestinal pH of higher termites (Isoptera: Termitidae). -Insectes Sociaux, 42 : 57-69.
10. BIGNELL D. E., OSKARSSON H. & ANDERSON J. M., 1980. - Specialization of the hindgut wall for the attachment of symbiotic microorganisms in a termite Procubitermes aburiensis (Isoptera, Termitidae, Termitinae). - Zoomorphologie, 96 : 103-112.
11. BIGNELL D. E., OSKARSSON H., ANDERSON J. M. & INESON P., 1983. - Structure, microbial associations and function of the so-called "mixed segment" of the gut in two soil-feeding termites. Procubitermes aburiensis and Cubitennes severus (Termitidae, Termitinae). - Journal of Zoology, 201 : 445-480.
12. BREZNACK J. A. & PANKRATZ H. S., 1977. - In situ morphology of the gut microbiota of wood-eating termites [Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) and Coptotermes formosanus (Shiraki)]. - Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 33 : 406-426.
13. BRUNE A., 1998. - Termite guts: the world's smallest bioreactors. - Trends in Biotechnology, 16 : 16-21.
14. BRUNE A., EMERSON D. & BREZNACK J. A., 1995. - The termite gut microflora as an oxygen sink: microelectrode determination of oxygen and pH gradients in guts of lower and higher termites. - Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 61 : 2681-2687.
15. BRUNE A. & FRIEDRICH M., 2000. - Microecology of the termite gut: structure and function on a microscale. -Current Opinion in Microbiology, 3 : 263-269.
16. BRUNE A. & KÜHL M., 1996. - PH profile of the extremely alkaline hindguts of soil-feeding termites (Isoptera: Termitidae) determined with microelectrodes. - Journal of Insect Physiology. 42 : 1121-1127.
17. CANCELLO E. M. & MYLES, T. G., 2000. - Noirotitermes noiroti (Isoptera, Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae): a new genus and new species from Northeastern Brazil. - Sociobiology, 35 : 1-16.
18. COLLINS N. M., 1977. - Two new termites (Isoptera) from the United Republic of Cameroon. - Systematic Entomology, 2 : 95-104.
19. CONSTANTINO R., 1990. - Anhangatermes macarthuri, a new genus and species of soil-feeding nasute termite from Amapà, Brazil (Isoptera, Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae). - Goeldiana Zoologia, 3 : 1-6.
20. -1991. - Ereymatermes rotundiceps, new genus and species of termite from the Amazon Basin (Isoptera, Termitidae. Nasutitermitinae). - Goeldiana Zoologia, 8 : 1-11.
21. -1994a. - Phylogenetic relationships of the genera of Nasutitermitinae with mandibulate soldiers (Isoptera: Termitidae). In : A. Lenoir, G. Arnold & M. Lepage (eds), Les Insectes Sociaux (12th International Congress IUSSI), p. 359. Paris : Université' Paris-Nord.
22. -1994b. - A new genus of Nasutitermitinae with mandibulate soldiers from tropical North America. -Sociobiology, 25 : 285-294.
23. -1995b. - Revision of the Neotropical termite genus Syntermes Holmgren (Isoptera: Termitidae). - The University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 55 : 455-518.
24. -1997. - Morphology of the digestive tube of Macuxitermes triceratops and its phylogenetic implications (Isoptera: Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae). - Sociobiology, 30 : 225-230.
25. -1998. - Description of a new Planicapritermes from central Amazonia, with notes on the morphology of the digestive tube of the Neocapritermes-Planicapritermes group (Isoptera: Termitinae). - Sociobiology, 32 : 109-118.
26. COSTA-LEONARDO A. M., 1998. - Morphology of the frontal weapon in the soldier caste of Cornitermes cumulons (Isoptera, Termitidae). - Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 41 : 195-197.
27. COSTA-LEONARDO A. M. & De SALVO C. R., 1987. - A comparative study of the frontal glands in three species of Brazilian termite soldiers (Isoptera, Termitidae). - Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 31 : 465-472.
28. DELIGNE J., 1971. - Morphologie du tube digestif et affinités systématiques du genre Tuberculitermes (Isoptères Termitinae). - Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaine, 84 : 184-191.
29. -1983. - Description, développement et affinités de Verrucositermes hirtus sp. n.. Fonction glandulaire des tubercules du soldat. (Isopteres Nasutitermitinae). - Revue de Zoologie Africaine, 97 : 533-548.
30. -1985. - Apport de la micromorphologie du labre à la compréhension de la phylogenèse des Termites (Isoptères). - Actes des Colloques Insectes Sociaux, 2 : 35-42.
31. DELIGNE J. & PASTEELS J. M., 1969. - Morphologie, développement et affinités de Labidotermes celisi gen. nov., sp. nov. - Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaine, 79 : 145-164.
32. DE VOS L. & DELIGNE J., 2001. - Ultrastructure du "système Malpighien" de Microcerotermes (Insecta Isoptera). - Actes des Colloques Insectes Sociaux, 14 : in press.
33. DONOVAN S. E., JONES D. T., SANDS W. A. & EGGLETON P., 2000. - Morphological phylogenetics of termites (Isoptera). - Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 70 : 467-513.
34. ELZINGA R. J. & HOPKINS T. L., 1994. - Foregut microspines in four families of cockroaches (Blattaria). -International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology, 23 : 253-260.
35. EMERSON A. E., 1955. - Geographical origins and dispersions of Termite genera.-37 : Fieldiana: Zoology, 37 : 465-521.
36. FONTES L. R., 1985. - Potentialities of the appearence of the worker gut in situ for the identification of Neotropical genera of Apicotermitinae (Isoptera, Termitidae). - Annals of Entomology. 3 : 1-6.
37. -1986. - Two new genera of soldierless Apicotermitinae from the Neotropical region. - Sociobiology, 12 : 285-297.
38. -1987a. - Cupins neotropicais da subfamilia Nasutitermitinae (Isoptera, Termitidae): Morfologia do soldado e das mandibulas do alado e operario, anatomia do tubo digestivo do operario e filogenia dos generos, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Sao Paulo.
39. -1987b. - Morphology of the worker digestive tube of the soil-feeding Nasute termites (Isoptera, Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae) from the Neotropical region. - Revista Brasileira de Zoologia. 3 : 474-501.
40. -1992. - Key to the genera of New World Apicotermitinae (Isoptera: Termitidae). In : D. Quintero & A. Aiello (eds), Insecta of Panama and Mesoamerica. Selected papers, p. 243-248. Oxford University Press.
41. GISLER R., 1967. - Uber Protozoen im Darm höheren Termiten (Fam. Termitidae) der Elfenbeinküste. - Archiv für Protistenkunde, 110 : 77-178.
42. GODOY M. C. & TORALES G. J., 1993. - Morphologia del tubo digestivo de obreras del genero Termes (Isoptera: Termitidae) de la region neotropical. - Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 52 : 123-132.
43. -1998. - Aspectos morphoanatomicos del tubo digestivo de obreras mayores de Syntermes obtusus (Isoptera, Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae). - Papéls Avulsos de Zoologia, Museo de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paula, 40 : 257-265.
44. GRASSÉ P.-P., 1949. - Ordre des Isoptères ou Termites. In : P.-P. Grassé (ed.), Traité de Zoologie, vol. 9, p. 408-544. Paris : Masson.
45. -1986. - Comportement, Socialité, Écologie, Évolution, Systématique. In : P.-P. Grassé (ed.), Termitologia, vol. 3, 715 p., Paris : Masson.
46. GRASSÉ P.-P. & NOIROT C., 1949. - Sur le nid et la biologie du Sphaerotermes sphaerothorax (Sjöst.) termite constructeur de meules sans champignons. - Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, 10 : 149-166.
47. -1954. - Apicotermes arquieri n. sp.: ses constructions et sa biologie. Considérations sur la sous-famille des Apicotermitinae. - Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, 16 : 345-388.
48. -1959. - L'évolution de la symbiose chez les Isoptères. - Experientia, 15 : 365-372.
49. HARE L., 1937. - Termite phylogeny as evidenced by soldier mandible development. - Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 37 : 459-486.
50. HOLMGREN N., 1909. - Termitenstudien, 1. Anatomische Untersuchungen. - Kungliga Svenska Vetensskapakademiens Handlingar, 44 : 1-215.
51. -1912. - Termitenstudien, 3. Systematik der Termiten. Die Familie Metatermitidae. - Kungliga Svenska Vetensskapakademiens Handlingar, 48 : 1-166.
52. HONIGBERG B. M., 1970. - Protozoa associated with termites and their role in digestion. In : K. Krishna & F. M. Weesner (eds), Biology of Termites, vol. 2, p. 1-36. Academic Press, New-York.
53. JOHNSON R. A., 1979. - Configuration of the digestive tube as an aid to identification of worker Termitidae (Isoptera). - Systematic Entomology, 4 : 31-38.
54. KAMBHAMPATI S. & EGGLETON P., 2000. - Morphological phylogenetics of termites. In : T. Abe, D. E. Bignell & M. Higashi (eds), Termites: Evolution, Sociality, Symbiosis, Ecology, p. 1-24. Kluwer, Dordrecht.
55. KAMBHAMPATI S., KJER K. M. & THORNE B. L., 1996. - Phylogenetic relationship among termite families based on DNA sequence of mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA gene. - Insect Molecular Biology, 5 : 229-238.
56. KEMNER N. A., 1934. - Systematische und biologische Studien über die Termiten Javas und Celebes. - Kungliga Svenska Vetensskapakademiens Handlingar, 13 : 1 -241.
57. KLASS D.-T., 1998. -The proventriculus of the Dicondylia, with comments on evolution and phylogeny in Dictyoptera and Odonata (Insecta). - Zoologischer Anzeiger, 237 : 15-42.
58. KOVOOR J., 1959. - Anatomie du tractus intestinal dans le genre Microcerotermes (Silvestri), (Isoptera, Termitidae. - Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France, 84 : 445-457.
59. -1967. - Etude radiographique du transit intestinal chez un Termite supérieur. - Experientia, 23 : 1-4.
60. -1969. - Anatomie comparée du tube digestif des Termites.-II.Sous-famille des Nasutitermitinae. - Insectes Sociaux, 16 : 195-233.
61. -1971. - Anatomie comparée du tube digestif des Termites.-III.Sous-famille des Macrotermitinae. -Insectes Sociaux, 18 : 49-70.
62. KRISHNA K., 1970. - Taxonomy, phylogeny and distribution of termites. In : K. Krishna and F. M. Weesner (eds), Biology of Termites, vol. 2, p.127-152. New York : Academic Press.
63. KRISHNA K. & ADAMS C., 1982. - The Oriental termite genus Labritermes Holmgren (Isoptera, Termitidae, Termitinae). - American Museum Novitates, 2735 : 1-14.
64. LEBRUN D. & LEQUET A., 1985. - Relations entre le régime alimentaire et la structure du gésier des termites. -Bulletin de la Société des Sciences naturelles de l'Ouest de le France, 7 : 126-139.
65. MARTEGANI M. M. & TORALES G. J., 1994. - Aportes al conocimiento del tubo digestive de obreras del genero Nasutitermes (Isoptera: Termitidae). - Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 53 : 9-20.
66. MATHEWS A. G. A., 1977. - Studies on termites from the Matto Grosso state, Brazil. 267 p. Rio de Janeiro : Academia Brasileira de Ciencias.
67. McKITTRICK F. A., 1964. - Evolutionary studies of Cockroaches. - Cornell University Agricultural experimental station memoirs, 389 : 1-197.
68. MILLER H. K. & FISK F. W., 1971. - Taxonomic implications of the comparative morphology of cockroach proven-triculi. - Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 64 : 671-687.
69. MILLER L. R., 1984. - Invasitermes, a new genus of soldierless termites from Northern Australia (Isoptera: Termitidae). - Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 23 : 33-37.
70. -1986. - The phylogeny of the Nasutitermitinae (Isoptera: Termitidae). - Sociobiology, 11 : 203-214.
71. -1991. - A revision of the Termes-Capritermes branch of the Termitidae in Australia (Isoptera: Termitidae). - Invertebrate Taxonomy, 4 : 1147-1282.
72. -1994. - Polyphyletic origins of the snapping mandibles and asymmetry, and the biogeography of some Termitinae (Isoptera: Termitidae). In : A. Lenoir, G. Arnold & M. Lepage (eds), Les Insectes Sociaux (12th Congress IUSSI), p. 52. Paris : Université Paris Nord.
73. -1997. - Systematics of the Australian Nasutitermitinae with reference to evolution within the Termitidae (Isoptera). Ph. D. thesis, Australian National University.
74. MIURA T., MAEKAWA K., KITADE O., ABE T. & MATSUMOTO T., 1998. - Phylogenetic relationships among subfamilies in higher termites (Isoptera: Termitidae) based on mitochondrial COII gene sequences. - Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 91 : 515-523.
75. NOIROT C., 1955. - Recherches sur le polymorphisme des termites supérieurs (Termitidae). - Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, (11) 17 : 399-595.
76. -1966. - Description et affinités de deux nouveaux genres d'Amitermitinae (Isoptera, Termitidae). -Insectes Sociaux, 13 : 329-345.
77. -1992. - From wood-to humus-feeding: an important trend in termite evolution. In : J. Billen (ed.), Biology and evolution of social insects, p. 107-119. Leuven : Leuven University Press.
78. -1995. - The gut of termites (Isoptera). Comparative anatomy, systematics, phylogeny. I. Lower termites. - Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (N.S.), 31 : 197-226.
79. NOIROT C. & BAYON C., 1969. - La cuticule proctodeale des Insectes: mise en evidence de "dépressions épicuticulaires" par le microscope électronique à balayage. - Comptes Rendus hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences, (D) 269 : 996-999.
80. NOIROT C. & KOVOOR J., 1958. - Anatomie comparée du tube digestif des Termites. I.Sous-famille des Termitinae. - Insectes Sociaux, 5 : 439-471.
81. NOIROT C. & NOIROT-TIMOTHÉE C., 1967. - L'épithelium absorbant de la panse d'un Termite supérieur. -Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (N.S.), 3 : 577-592.
82. -1969. - The digestive system. In : K. Krishna and F. M. Weesner (eds), Biology of Termites, Vol.1, p. 49-88. New York : Academic Press.
83. -1977. - Fine structure of the rectum in Termites (Isoptera): a comparative study. - Tissue & Cell, 9 : 693-710.
84. NOIROT C., NOIROT-TIMOTHÉE C. & KOVOOR, J., 1967. - Revêtement particulaire de la membrane plasmatique en rapport avec l'excrétion dans une région spécialisée de l'intestin moyen des Termites supérieurs. -Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences, 264 (D) : 2976-2978.
85. NOIROT-TIMOTHÉE C. & LOM J., 1965. - L'ultrastructure de l'"haplocinetie" des Ciliés Péritriches. Comparaison avec la membrane ondulante des Hymenostomes. - Protistologica, 1 : 33-41.
86. NOIROT-TIMOTHÉE C. & NOIROT C., 1959. - "Termitophrya" gen. nov., nouveau type d'Infusoire cilié commensal de certains Termites. - Comptes Rendus hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences, 244 : 775-777.
87. PARVEEN F. & AKHTAR M. S., 1997. - Studies on the Digestive Tube and Enteric Valve Armature of the Termite Species of Genera Angulitermes and Termes (Isoptera: Termitidae). - Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 29 : 57-60.
88. PRESTWICH G. D. & COLLINS M. S., 1981a. - Chemotaxonomy of Subulitermes and Nasutitermes termite defense secretions. Evidence against the hypothesis of diphyletic evolution of the Nasutitermitinae. - Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 9 : 83-88.
89. -1981b. - Macrocyclic lactones as the defense substances of the genus Annitermes. - Tetrahedron letters, 46 : 4584-4590.
90. QUENNEDEY A., 1984. - Morphology and ultrastructure of termite defense glands. In : H. R. Herman (ed.), Defensive mechanisms in Social Insects, p. 151-200. Praeger, New-York.
91. ROISIN Y., 1995. - Humivorous Nasute termites (Isoptera: Nasutitermitinae) from the Panama Canal area. - Belgian Journal of Zoology, 125 : 283-300.
92. ROISIN Y. & PASTEELS J. M., 1996. - The nasute termites (Isoptera: Nasutitermitinae) of Papua New Guinea. -Invertebrate Taxonomy, 10 : 507-616.
93. ROISIN Y., SCHEFFRAHN R. H. & KRECEK J., 1996. - Generic revision of the smaller nasute termites of the Greater Antilles (Isoptera, Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae). - Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 89 : 775-787.
94. SANDS W.A., 1957. - The soldier mandibles of the Nasutitermitinae (Isoptera, Termitidae). - Insectes Sociaux, 4 : 13-24.
95. -1972. - The soldierless termites of Africa (Isoptera: Termitidae). - Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, Supplement, 18 : 1-244.
96. -1992. - The termite genus Amitermes in Africa and the middle East. - Natural Resources Institut Bulletin, 51 : 1-140.
97. -1995. - New genera and species of soil feeding termites (Isoptera: Termitidae) from African savannas. -Journal of Natural History, 29 : 1483-1515.
98. -1998. - The identification of worker castes of termite genera from soils of Africa and the Middle East., 500 p. Wallingford : Cab International.
99. SCHEFFRAHN R. H. & ROISIN Y., 1995. - Antillean Nasutitermitinae (Isoptera: Termitidae): Parvitermes collinsiae, a new subterranean termite from Hispaniola and redescription of P. palliceps and P. wolcotti. - Florida Entomologist, 78 : 585-600.
100. SNYDER T. E., 1949. - Catalog of the Termites (Isoptera) of the world. - Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collection, 112 : 1-490.
101. SUTHERLAND J. L., 1934. - Notes on the histology of the alimentary canal in some Australian termites. -Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 47 : 1-13.
102. THORNE B. L. & CARPENTER J. M., 1992. - Phytogeny of the Dictyoptera. - Systematic Entomology, 17 : 253-268.
103. UYS V. M., 1994a. - Batillitermes monachus (Isoptera: Termitidae: Termitinae), a new genus and species from southern Africa. - African Entomology, 2 : 53-56.
104. -1994b. - A systematic revision of the genus Lepidotermes Sjoestedt (Isoptera: Termitidae). - Entomology Memoir, Department of Agriculture, 90 : 1-53.