Improve the women: Mass schooling, female literacy, and worldwide social change

Harvard Educational Review

Volumn 71, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 1-50

  LeVine, Robert A ^a   LeVine, Sarah E ^a   Schnell, Beatrice ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0035531735     PISSN: 00178055     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.17763/haer.71.1.154550622x3225u7     Document Type: Article

References (100)

1. Aries, P. (1962). Centuries of childhood. New York: Vintage.
2. Becker, G. (1964). Human capital. New York: Columbia University Press.
3. Bicego, C. T., & Boerma, J. T. (1993). Maternal education and child survival: A comparative study of survey data from 17 countries. Social Science and Medicine, 36, 207-228.
4. Bledsoe, C., Casterline, J. B., Johnson-Kuhn, J., & Haaga, J. G. (Eds.). (1999). Critical perspectives on schooling and fertility in the developing world. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
5. Bransford, J., Brown, A. L., & Cocking, R. R. (1999). How people learn: Brain, mind, experience and school. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
6. Brown, A. L., & French, L. (1979). Comment. In D. Sharp, M. Cole, & C. Lave (Eds.), Education and cognitive development: The evidence from experimental research. Monographs of the Society for Research in Cognitive Development, 44 (1-2, Serial No. 178), 101-109.
7. Caldwell, J. C. (1979). Education as a factor in mortality decline: An examination of Nigerian data. Population Studies, 33, 395-413.
8. Caldwell, J. C. (1982). Theory of fertility decline. New York: Academic Press.
9. Caldwell, J. C. (1986). Routes to low mortality in poor countries. Population and Development Review, 12, 171-214.
10. Caldwell, J. C. (1994). How is greater maternal education translated into lower child mortality? Health Transition Review, 4, 224-229.
11. Cazden, C. (1988). Classroom discourse. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
12. Cebu Study Team. (1991). Underlying and proximate determinants of child health: The Cebu longitudinal health and nutrition study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 133, 185-201.
13. Chall, J. C. (1983). Stages of reading development. New York: McGraw-Hill.
14. Cleland, J. (1990) Maternal education and child survival: Further evidence and explanations. In J. Caldwell, S. Findley, P. Caldwell, G. Santow, W. Cosford, J. Braid, & D. Broers-Freeman (Eds.), What do we know about health transition? The cultural, social and behavioural determinants of health (pp. 400-419). Canberra: Australian National University Health Transition Centre.
15. Cleland, J., & Hobcraft, J. (Eds.). (1985). Reproductive change in developing countries: Insights from the World Fertility Survey. New York: Oxford University Press.
16. Cleland, J., & Jejeebhoy, S. (1996). Maternal schooling and fertility: Evidence from censuses and surveys. In R. Jeffrey & A. M. Basu (Eds.), Girls's schooling, women's autonomy and fertility change in South Asia (pp. 72-106). New Delhi: Sage.
17. Cleland, J., & Kaufman, G. (1998). Education, fertility and child survival: Unraveling the links. In A. Basu & P. Aaby (Eds.), The methods and uses of anthropological demography (pp. 128-152). Oxford, Eng.: Clarendon Press.
18. Cleland, J., & van Ginneken, J. (1988). Maternal education and child survival in developing countries: The search for pathways of influence. Social Science and Medicine, 27, 1357-1368.
19. Cochrane, S. H. (1979). Fertility and education: What do we really know? Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
20. Cochrane, S. H., O'Hara, D. J., & Leslie, J. (1980). The effects of education on health (World Bank Working Paper No. 405). Washington, DC: World Bank.
21. Cole, M. (1996). Cultural psychology: A once and future discipline. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
22. Cummins, J. (1984). Wanted: A theoretical frame for relating language proficiency to academic achievement among bilingual students. In C. Rivera (Ed.), Language proficiency and academic achievement (pp. 2-19). Clevedon, Eng.: Multilingual Matters.
23. D'Andrade, R. G. (1995). The development of cognitive anthropology. New York: Cambridge University Press.
24. Davis, K., & Blake, J. (1956). Social structure and fertility: An analytic framework. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 4(3).
25. Desai, S., & Alva, S. (1998). Maternal education and child health: Is there a strong causal relationship? Demography, 35, 71-81.
26. Desmond, A., & Moore, J. (1991). Darwin: The life of a tormented evolutionist. New York: W. W. Norton.
27. Dexter, E. R. (1934). Women's schooling, language and literacy skills, and use of formal health care services: Evidence from rural Mexico. Unpublished qualifying paper, Harvard University.
28. Dexter, E., LeVine, S., & Velasco, P. (1998). Maternal schooling and health-related language and literacy skills in rural Mexico. Comparative Education Review, 42, 139-162.
29. Diamond, I., Newby, M., & Varie, S. (1999). Female education and fertility: Examining the links. In C. Bledsoe, J. B. Casterline, J. A. Johnson-Kuhn, & J. G. Haaga (Eds.), Critical perspectives on schooling and fertility in the developing world (pp. 23-48). Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
30. Elo, I. T. (1992). Utilization of maternal health-care services in Peru: The role of women's education. Health Transition Review, 2, 49-69.
31. Fuller, B., & Heyneman, S. (1989). Third World school quality: Current collapse, future potential. Educational Researcher, 18, 12-19.
32. Glewwe, P. (1999). Why does mother's schooling raise child health in developing countries? Evidence from Morocco. Journal of Human Resources, 34, 124-159.
33. Guldan, G., Zeitlin, M., Beiser, A., Super, C., Gershoff, S., & Datta, S. (1993). Maternal education and child feeding practices in rural Bangladesh. Social Science and Medicine, 36, 925-935.
34. Heath, S. B. (1986). What no bedtime story means: Narrative skills at home and school. In B. Schieffelin & E. Ochs (Eds.), Language socialization across cultures (pp. 97-124). New York: Cambridge University Press.
35. Hobsbawm, E. J., & Ranger, T. (1983). The invention of tradition. New York: Cambridge University Press.
36. Jain, A., & Nag, M. (1986). Importance of female primary education for fertility reduction in India. Economic and Political Weekly, 27, 1602-1608.
37. Jeffery, R., & Basu, A. M. (Eds.). (1996). Girl's schooling, women's autonomy and fertility change in South Asia. New Delhi: Sage.
38. Jeffery, R., & Jeffery, P. (1997). Population, gender and politics: Demographic change in rural north India. Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press.
39. Jejeebhoy, S. (1995). Women's education, autonomy, and reproductive behaviour: Experience from developing countries. Oxford, Eng.: Clarendon Press.
40. Joshi, A. (1994). Maternal schooling and child health: Preliminary analysis of the intervening mechanisms in rural Nepal. Health Transition Review, 4, 1-28.
41. Joshi, A. (1998). Maternal schooling, maternal behavior and child health: A Nepalese case study. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Harvard University.
42. Kasarda, J. D., Billy, J., & West, K. (1986). Status enhancement and fertility: Reproductive responses to social mobility and educational opportunity. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
43. Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991) Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. New York: Cambridge University Press.
44. LeVine, R. A. (1978). Western schools in non-Western societies: Psychosocial impact and cultural response. Teachers College Record, 80, 749-755.
45. LeVine, R. A. (1980). Influence of women's schooling on maternal behavior in the Third World. Comparative Education Review, 24 (Suppl.), 78-105.
46. LeVine, R. A., LeVine, S., Richman, A., Tapia Uribe, M. F., Sunderland Correa, C., & Miller, P. (1991). Women's schooling and child care in the demographic transition: A Mexican case study. Population and Development Review, 17, 459-496.
47. LeVine, R. A., Dexter, E., Velasco, P., LeVine, S., Joshi, A., Stuebing, K., & Tapia Uribe, M. F. (1994). Maternal literacy and health care in three countries: A preliminary report. Health Transition Review, 4, 186-191.
48. LeVine, R. A., LeVine, S., Richman, A., Tapia Uribe, M. F., & Sunderland Correa, C. (1994). Schooling and survival: The impact of maternal education on health and reproduction in the Third World. In L. Chen, A. Kleinman, & N. Ware (Eds.), Health and social change in international perspective (pp. 303-338). Boston: Harvard School of Public Health.
49. LeVine, R. A., & White, M. I. (1986). Human conditions: The cultural basis of educational development. London: Routledge.
50. LeVine, S. (n.d.). Getting in, staying on, and dropping out: Determinants of school attendance among Nepali and Newar girls in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal. Unpublished manuscript.
51. LeVine, S. E. (1993). Dolor y alegria: Women and social change in urban Mexico. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
52. Lockheed, M., & Verspoor, A. (1991). Improving primary education in developing countries. New York: Oxford University Press.
53. Luther, N., & Thapa, S. (1999). Infant and child mortality in Nepal (East-West Center Working Paper: Population Series No. 105). Honolulu: East-West Center Press.
54. Mayer, P. (1999). India's falling sex ratios. Population and Development Review, 25, 323-343.
55. Mehrotra, S., & Jolly, R. (Eds.). (1997). Development with a human face. Oxford, Eng.: Clarendon Press.
56. Meyer, J. (1977). The effects of education as an institution. American Journal of Sociology, 83, 55-77.
57. Meyer, J., & Hannan, M. (1979). National development and the world system. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
58. Meyer, J. W., Kamens, D. W., & Benavot, A. (1992). School knowledge for the masses: World models and national primary curricular categories in the twentieth century. London: Falmer Press.
59. Meyer, J. W., Ramirez, F. O., & Soysal, Y. (1992). World expansion of mass education, 1870-1980. Sociology of Education, 65, 128-149.
60. Notestein, F. W. (1945). Population: The long view. In T. W. Schultz (Ed.), Food for the World (pp. 36-57). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
61. Peña, R., Wall, S., & Person, L. (2000). The effect of poverty, social inequality, and maternal education on infant mortality in Nicaragua, 1998-1993. American Journal of Public Health, 90, 64-69.
62. Phillips, S. U. (1983). The invisible culture: Communication in classroom and community on the Warms Springs Indian Reservation. New York: Longman.
63. Richman, A., Miller, P., & LeVine, R. A. (1992). Cultural and educational variations in maternal responsiveness. Developmental Psychology, 28, 614-621.
64. Rogoff, B. (1981). Schooling and the development of cognitive skills. In H. Triandis & A. Heron (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology (vol. 4, pp. 233-294). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
65. Rogoff, B. (1989). Apprenticeship in thinking. New York: Oxford University Press.
66. Rogoff, B., Mistry, J., Goncu, A., & Mosier, C. (1993). Guided participation in cultural activity by toddlers and caregivers. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 58 (8, Serial No. 236).
67. Schultz, T. P. (1993). Investments in the schooling and health of women and men: Quantities and returns. Journal of Human Resources, 28, 694-725.
68. Scribner, S., & Cole, M. (1973). Cognitive consequences of formal and informal education. Science, 182, 553-559.
69. Scribner, S., & Cole, M. (1981). The psychology of literacy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
70. Serpell, R. (1993). The significance of schooling: Life-journeys in an African society. New York: Cambridge University Press.
71. Sharp, D., Cole, M., & Lave, C. (1979). Education and cognitive development: The evidence from experimental research. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 44 (1-2, Serial No. 178).
72. Smith, D., & Inkeles, A. (1974). Becoming modern. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
73. Snow, C. E. (1990). The development of definitional skill. Journal of Child Language, 17, 697-710.
74. Stevenson, H. W. (1982). Influences of schooling on cognitive development. In D. Wagner (Ed.), Cultural perspectives on child development (pp. 208-224). San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.
75. Strauss, C., & Quinn, N. (1999). A cognitive theory of cultural meaning. New York: Cambridge University Press.
76. Street, B. (1984). Literacy in theory and practice. New York: Cambridge University Press.
77. Street, B. (Ed.). (1993). Cross-cultural approaches to literacy. New York: Cambridge University Press.
78. Street, B. (1995). Social literacies. London: Longman.
79. Stuebing, K. (1996). Educational and religious factors in maternal verbal responsiveness and child health in urban Zambia. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Harvard University Graduate School of Education.
80. Stuebing, K. (1997). Maternal schooling and comprehension of child health information in urban Zambia: Is literacy a missing link in the maternal schooling-child health relationship? Health Transition Review 7, 151-172.
81. Tannen, D. (1982). The oral/literate continuum in discourse. In D. Tannen (Ed.), Spoken and written language: Exploring orality and literacy (pp. 7-35). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
82. Tekce, B., Oldham, L., & Shorter, F. (1994). A place to live: Families and child health in a Cairo neighborhood. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press.
83. Thapa, S., Neidell, S. G., & Dahal, D. R. (Eds.). (1998). Fertility transition in Nepal [Special Issue]. Contributions to Nepalese Studies, 25.
84. Thomas, D. (1999). Fertility, education and resources in South Africa. In C. Bledsoe, J. B. Casterline, J. A. Johnson-Kuhn, & J. G. Haaga (Eds.), Critical perspectives on schooling and fertility in the developing world (pp. 138-180). Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
85. Thomas, D., Strauss, J., &H enriques, M. (1991). How does mother's education affect child height? Journal of Human Resources, 26, 183-211.
86. UNICEF. (1998). The state of the world's children 1999. New York: Author.
87. United Nations. (1987). Fertility behaviour in the context of development: Evidence from the World Fertility Survey. New York: Author, Population Division.
88. United Nations. (1995). Women's education and fertility behaviour: Recent evidence from the Demographic and Health Surveys. New York: Author, Population Division.
89. United Nations Population Fund. (1994). Programme of action of the International Conference of Population and Development (ICPD) in Cairo, Egypt. New York: Author.
90. Valdes, G., & Geoffrion-Vinci, M. (1998). Chicano Spanish: The problem of the "underdeveloped" code in bilingual repertoires. Modern Language Journal, 82, 473-501.
91. Wagner, D. (1974). The development of short-term and incidental memory: A cross-cultural study. Child Development, 45, 389-396.
92. Wagner, D. A. (1993). Literacy, culture, and development: Becoming literate in Morocco. New York: Cambridge University Press.
93. Wagner, D., Venezky, R., & Street, B. (Eds.). (1999). Literacy: An international handbook. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
94. WCEFA. (1990). World conference on education for all: Final report. New York:
95. UNICEF. Weisner, T., & Gallimore, R. (1977). My brother's keeper: Child and sibling caretaking. Current Anthropology, 18, 169-180.
96. Wells, G. (1999). Dialogic inquiry: A sociocultural practice and theory of education. New York: Cambridge University Press.
97. Wertsch, J. (1985). Vygotsky and the social formation of mind. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
98. Wertsch, J., Minick, N., & Arms, F. (1984). The creation of context in joint problem-solving. In B. Rogoff & J. Lave (Eds.), Everyday cognition: Its development in social context (pp. 151-171). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
99. World Bank. (1980). World development report 1980. New York: Oxford University Press.
100. World Bank. (1993). World development report 1993. New York: Oxford University Press.