Blood-to-Brain Glucose Transport, Cerebral Glucose Metabolism, and Cerebral Blood Flow Are Not Increased after Hypoglycemia

Diabetes

Volumn 50, Issue 8, 2001, Pages 1911-1917

  Segel, Scott A ^a   Fanelli, Carmine G ^a   Dence, Carmen S ^a   Markham, Joanne ^a   Videen, Tom O ^a   Paramore, Deanna S ^a   Powers, William J ^a   Cryer, Philip E ^a  

^a WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADRENALIN; CARBON; GLUCAGON; GLUCOSE; HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE; HYDROCORTISONE; NORADRENALIN; OXYGEN; PANCREAS POLYPEPTIDE; WATER;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BLOOD; BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER; BLOOD FLOW; BRAIN; BRAIN CIRCULATION; COMPUTER ASSISTED EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; FEMALE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; GLUCOSE CLAMP TECHNIQUE; HUMAN; HYPOGLYCEMIA; KINETICS; MALE; METABOLISM; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; REFERENCE VALUE; VASCULARIZATION;

ADULT; BLOOD GLUCOSE; BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER; BRAIN; CARBON RADIOISOTOPES; CEREBROVASCULAR CIRCULATION; EPINEPHRINE; FEMALE; GLUCAGON; GLUCOSE; GLUCOSE CLAMP TECHNIQUE; HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE; HUMANS; HYDROCORTISONE; HYPOGLYCEMIA; KINETICS; MALE; NOREPINEPHRINE; OXYGEN RADIOISOTOPES; PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE; REFERENCE VALUES; REGIONAL BLOOD FLOW; TOMOGRAPHY, EMISSION-COMPUTED; WATER;

EID: 0035432605     PISSN: 00121797     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1911     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Cryer PE: Banting Lecture 1994: Hypoglycemia: the limiting factor in the management of IDDM. Diabetes 43:1378-1389, 1394
2. Cryer PE: Hypoglycemia: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment. New York, Oxford University Press, 1997, p. 85-125
3. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group: The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mollit us. N Engl J Med 329:077-986, 1993
4. The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study Group: Intensive blood-glucose control with sulfonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. Lancet 352:837-853, 1998
5. Gerich JE, Langlois M, Noacco C, Karam JH, Forsham PH: Lack of glucagon response to hypoglycemia in diabetes: evidence for an intrinsic pancreatic alpha cell defect. Science 182:171-173, 1973
6. Bolli G, de Feo P, Compagnucci P, Cartechini MG, Angeletti F, Santeusanio F. Brunetti P, Gerich JE: Abnormal glucose counterregulation in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: interaction of anti-insulin antibodies and impaired glucagon and epinephrine secretion. Diabetes 32:134-141, 1983
7. White NH, Skor D, Cryer PE, Bier DM, Levandoski L, Santiago JV: Identification of type 1 diabetic patients at increased risk for hypoglycemia during intensive therapy. N Engl J Med 308:485-491, 1983
8. Bolli GB, De Feo P, De Cosmo S, Perriello G, Ventura MM, Benedetti MM, Santeusanio F, Gerich JE, Brunetti P: A reliable and reproducible test for adequate glucose counterregulation in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 33:732-737, 1984
9. Gold AE, MacLeod KM, Frier HM: Frequency of severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia. Diabetes Care 17:697-703, 1994
10. Cryer PE: Iatrogenic hypoglycemia as a cause of hypoglycemia-associated autonomie failure in IDDM: a vicious cycle. Diabetes 41:255-260, 1992
11. Dagogo-Jack SE, Craft S, Cryer PE: Hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. J.Clin Invest 91:819-828, 1993
12. Ovalle F, Fanelli CG, Paramore DS, Hershey T, Craft S, Cryer PE: Brief twice-weekly episodes of hypoglycemia reduce detection of clinical hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 47:1472-1479, 1998
13. Fanelli CG, Paramore DS, Hershey T, Terkamp C, Ovalle F, Craft S, Cryer PE: Impact of nocturnal hypoglycemia on hypoglycemic cognitive dysfunction in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 47:1920-1927, 1998
14. Dagogo-Jack S, Rattarasarn C, Cryer PE: Reversal of hypoglycemia unawareness, but not defective glucose counterregulation, in IDDM. Diabetes 43:1426-1434, 1994
15. Fanelli CG, Pampanelli S, Epifano L1 Rambotti AM, Vincenzo AD, Modarelli F. Ciofetta M, Lepore M, Annibale B, Torlone E, Perriello G, De Feo P, Santeusanio F, Brunetti P, Bolli GB: Long-term recovery from unawareness, deficient counterregulation and lack of cognitive dysfunction during hypoglycemia following institution of rational intensive therapy in IDDM, Diabetologia 37:2165-1276, 1994
16. Cranston I, Lomas J, Maran A, Macdonald I, Amiel S: Restoration of hypoglycemia unawareness in patients with long duration insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Lancet 344:283-287, 1994
17. McCall AL, Fixman LB, Fleming N, Tornheim K, Chick W, Kuderman NB: Chronic hypoglycemia increases brain glucose transport. Am J Physiol 251:E442-E447, 1986
18. Koranyi L, Bourey RE, James D, Mueckler M, Fiedorek FT Jr, Permutt MA: Glucose transporter gene expression in rat brain: pre-translational changes associated with chronic insulin-induced hypoglycemia, fasting and diabetes. Mol Cell Neurosci 2:244-252, 1991
19. Kumagai AK, Kang YS, Boado RJ, Partridge WM: Upregulation of blood-brain barrier GLUT1 glucose transporter protein and mRNA in experimental chronic hypoglycemia. Diabetes 44:1399-1404, 1995
20. Simpson IA, Appel NM, Hokari M, Oki J, Holman GD, Maher F, Koehler-Stec EM, Vannnucci SJ, Smith QR: Blood-barrier glucose transporter: Effects of hypo- and hyperglycemia revisited. J Neurochem 72:238-247, 1999
21. Boyle PJ, Nagy RJ, O'Connor AM, Kempers SF, Yeo RA, Quails C: Adaptation in brain glucose uptake following recurrent hypoglycemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91:9352-9356, 1994
22. Boyle PJ, Kempers SF, O'Connor AM, Nagy RI: Brain glucose uptake and unawaraness of hypoglycemia in patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Mol 33:3:1726-1731, 1995
23. 11C-D-glucose during stepped hypoglycemia. Ann Neurol 38:599-609, 1995
24. Fanelli CG, Dence CS, Markham J, Videen T, Paramore DS, Cryer PE, Powers WJ: Blood-to-brain glucose transport and cerebral glucose metabolism are not reduced in poorly controlled type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 47: 1444-1450, 1998
25. Schwartz NS, Clutter WE, Shah SD, Cryer PE: The glycemic thresholds for activation of glucose counterregulatory systems are higher than the threshold for symptoms. J Clin Invest 79:777-781, 1987
26. Kuzuya H, Blix PM, Horwitz DL, Steiner DF, Rubenstein AH: Determination of free and total insulin and C-peptide in insulin-treated diabetics. Diabetes 26:22-29, 1977
27. Ensinck J: Immunoassays for glucagon. In Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Vol. 66. Lefebrve P, Ed. New York, Springer Verlag, 1983, p. 203-221
28. Gingerich RL, Lacy PE, Chance RE, Johnson MG: Regional pancreatic concentration and in-vitro secretion of canine pancreatic polypeptide, insulin, and glucagon. Diabetes 27:96-101, 1978
29. Schalch D, Parker M: A sensitive double antibody radioimmunoassay for growth hormone in plasma. Nature (Lond) 703:1141-1142, 1964
30. Farmer RW, Pierce CE: Plasma cortisol determination: radioimmunoassay and competitive protein binding compared. Clin Chem 20:411-414, 1974
31. Shah SD, Clutter WE, Cryer PE: External and internal standards in the single-isotope derivative (radioenzymatic) measurement of plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine. J Lab Clin Med 106:624-629, 1985
32. Hosaka K, Kikuchi T, Mitsuhida N, Kawaguchi A: A new colorimetric method for the determination of free fatty acids with acyl-CoA synthetase and acyl-CoA oxidase. J Biochem (Tokyo) 89:1799-1803, 1981
33. Pinter J, Hayaski J, Watson J: Enzymatic assay of glycerol, dihydroxyacetone and glyceraldehyde. Arch Biochem Biophy 121:404-414, 1967
34. Lowry O, Passoneau J, Hasselberger F, Schultz D: Effect of ischemia on known substrates and co-factors of the glycolyptic pathway of the brain. J Biol Chem 239:18-30, 1964
35. Cahill GF Jr, Herrera MG, Morgan AP, Soeldner JS, Steinke J, Levy PL, Reichard GA Jr, Kipnis DM: Hormone-fuel interrelationships during fasting. J Clin lInvest 45:1751-1769, 1966
36. Towler DA, Havlin CE, Craft S, Cryer P: Mechanisms of awareness of hypoglycemia: perception of neurogenic (predominantly cholinergic) rather than neuroglycopenic symptoms. Diabetes 42:1791-1798, 1993
37. Videen TO, Perlmutter JS, Herscovitch P, Raichle ME: Brain blood volume, blood flow, and oxygen utilization measured with 0-15 radiotracers and positron emission tomography: revised metabolic computations. J Cereb Blood Flow Melab 7:513-516, 1987
38. 15O and positron emission tomography. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 7:421-426, 1987
39. 15O. II Implementation and validation. J Nucl Med 24:790-798, 1983
40. Powers WJ, Dence CS, Markham J, Videen TO, Segel S, Cryer PE: Effect of correction for labeled arterial metabolites on PET cerebral metabolism measurements with 11C-D-glucose during hyperinsulinemic clamps (Abstract). J Nucl Med 41:62P, 2000
41. Powers WJ, Rosenbaum JL, Dence CS, Markham J, Videen TO: Cerebral glucose transport and metabolism in pretem human infants. J Cereb Blood flow Metab 18:632-638, 1998
42. 11C]3-0-methyl-D-glucose and positron emission tomography. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 6:240-244, 1986
43. Eastman RC, Carson RE, Gordon MR, Berg GW, Lillioja S, Larson SM, Roth J: Brain glucose metabolism in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: a study in Pima Indians using positron emission tomography during hyper-insulinemia with euglycemic clamp. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 71:1602-1610, 1990
44. 11C]glucose uptake and metabolism in the brain of insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. Am J Physiol 258:E805-E812, 1990
45. Heller SR, Cryer PE: Reduced neuroendocrine and symptomatic responses to subsequent hypoglycemia after 1 episode of hypoglycemia in nondiabetic humans. Diabetes 40:223-226, 1991
46. Davis MR, Shamoon H: Counterregulatory adaptation to recurrent hypoglycemia in normal humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 73:995-1001, 1991
47. Mitrakou A, Ryan C, Veneman T, Mokan M, Jensen T, Kiss I, Durant J, Cryer P, Gerich J: Hierarchy of glycemic thresholds for counterregulatory hormone secretion, symptoms and cerebral dysfunction. Am J Physiol 260:E67-E74, 1991
48. Fanelli C. Pampanelli S, Epifano L, Rambotti AM, Ciofetta M, Modarelli F, Vincenzo BD, Annibale B, Lepore M, Lalli C, Del Sindaco P, Brunetti P, Bolli GB: Relative roles of insulin and hypoglycemia on induction of neuroendocrine responses to, symptoms of, and deterioration of cognitive function in hypoglycemia in male and female humans. Diabetologia 37: 797-807, 1994
49. Knudsen GM, Hasselbalch SG, Hertz MM, Paulson OB: High dose insulin does not increase glucose transfer across the blood-brain barrier in humans: a re-evaluation. Eur J Clin Invest 29:687-691, 1999
50. Cranston I, Marsden P, Matyka K, Evans M, Lomas J, Sönksen P, Maisey M, Amiel SA: Regional differences in cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization in diabetic man: the effect of insulin. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 18: 1:30-140, 1998
51. Borg MA, borg WP , Tamborlane WV, Brines ML, Shulman GI, Sherwin RS: Chronic hypoglycemia and diabetes impair counterregulation induced by localized 2-deoxyglucose perfusion of the ventromedial hypothalamus in rats. Diabetes 48:584-587, 1999
52. Jacob RJ, Fan X, Zhu Y, McCrimmon RJ, Sherwin RS: Does antecedent recurrent hypoglycemia alter brain ECF glucose levels during acute hypoglycemia in diabetes? (Abstract). Diabetes 48:A56, 1999