Social policy and mental illness in England in the 1990s: Violence, moral panic and critical discourse

Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing

Volumn 8, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 257-267

  Paterson, B ^a   Stark, C ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF STIRLING   (United Kingdom)

^b Highland Health Board   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Discourse; Foucault; Mental; Panic; Policy; Violence

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; HOMICIDE; HUMAN; MENTAL DISEASE; MORALITY; NURSING; NURSING THEORY; PANIC; POLICY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PUBLIC OPINION; RISK; SOCIAL STATUS; UNITED KINGDOM; VIOLENCE;

GREAT BRITAIN; HOMICIDE; HUMANS; MENTAL DISORDERS; MORALS; NURSING THEORY; PANIC; PUBLIC OPINION; PUBLIC POLICY; RISK; SOCIAL CONDITIONS; VIOLENCE;

EID: 0035382713     PISSN: 13510126     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2850.2001.00392.x     Document Type: Article

References (96)

1. Amiel B. (1994) We played a game and the gun won, Sunday Times, 22 May .
2. Appleby L. & Wessley S. (1988) Public attitudes to mental illness. The influence of the Hungerford massacre. Medicine Science and the Law 28, 291-295.
3. Becker H. (1963) Outsiders. Free Press, New York.
4. Berger P. & Luckman T. (1967) The Social Construction of Reality. Penguin Press, London.
5. Birkland T.A. (1997) Agenda Setting, Public Policy and Focusing Events. Georgetown University Press, Washington.
6. Blackman L.M. (1996) The dangerous classes: retelling the psychiatric history. Feminism and Psychology 6, 361-379.
7. Blom-Cooper L. (1993) Public inquiries. In: Current Legal Problems (eds Freeman, M. & Happle, B.). Oxford University Press, Oxford.
8. Brockington H., Hall P., Levings J. & Murphy C. (1993a) The Community Tolerance of the Mentally Ill. British Journal of Psychiatry 162, 93-97.
9. Burt C. (1952) The Causes and Treatment of Backwardness. University of London Press, London.
10. Campbell A. (1994) Violence, lies and videotape, Living Marxism, http://www.informinc.co.uk/LM/LM63/LM63_Bulger.html.
11. Cohen S. (1972) Polk Devils and Moral Panics. McGibbon and Kee, London.
12. Cowan L. & Hart D. (1998) Changing minds: every family in the land, Psychiatric Bulletin 22, 593-594.
13. Crepaz-Keay D. (1996) A sense of perspective: the media and the Boyd inquiry. In: Media and Mental Distress (ed Philo, G.). Longman, London.
14. Crichton J. & Sheppard D. (1996) Psychiatric inquiries: learning the lessons. In: Inquiries After Homicide (ed Peay, J.). Duckworth, Daily Express (1994) Care in the community patients kill 34 in eighteen months. Daily Express 17 August, 1.
15. Crichton J. & Sheppard D. (1996) Psychiatric inquiries: learning the lessons. In: Inquiries After Homicide (ed Peay, J.). Duckworth, Daily Express (1994) Care in the community patients kill 34 in eighteen months. Daily Express 17 August, 1.
16. Day D.M. & Page S. (1986) Portrayal of mental illness in the Canadian newspapers. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 31, 813-817.
17. DHSS (1985) Government response to the second report from the Social Services Committee 1984-1985 session: Community Care with Special Reference to Adult Mentally Ill and Mentally Handicapped People, Cnmd 9674.
18. DoH (1999) The National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness. DoH, London.
19. Douglas M. (1992) Risk and Blame. Essays in Cultural Theory. Routledge, London.
20. Dunn S. (1999) Coming in from the cold. Community Practitioner 72, 383-384.
21. Eldridge J., Kitzinger J. & Williams K. (1997) The Mass Media and Power in Modern Britain. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
22. Eronen M., Panu P. & Tiihonen J. (1996) Mental disorders and homicidal behaviour in Finland. Archives of General Psychiatry 53, 497-501.
23. Foucault M. (1971) Madness and Civilisation. A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason. Tavistock, London.
24. Foucault M. (1979) Discipline and Punish. Vintage Books, New York.
25. Foucault M. (1980) Power/Knowledge. Pantheon Books, New York.
26. Fukuyama F. (1995) Trust: the Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity. Hamish Hamilton, London.
27. Furedi F. (1998) Culture of Pear: Risk Taking and the Morality of Low Expectation. Cassell, London.
28. Giddens A. (1990) The Consequences of Modernity. Polity Press, Cambruidge.
29. Goldhagen D.J. (1997) Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust. Abacus, London.
30. Goode E. & Ben Yehuda N. (1994) Moral Panics. The Social Construction of Deviance. Blackwell, Oxford.
31. Grounds A. (1997) Commentary on: Inquiries: who needs them? Psychiatric Bulletin 21, 134-135.
32. Gunter B. (1987) Television and The Fear of Crime. Libbey, London.
33. Gutting G. (1994) Michael Foucault's Phanomenologie des Krankengeistes. In: Discovering the History of Psychiatry (eds Micale, M. & Porter, R.). Oxford University Press, Oxford.
34. Hall P., Brockington H., Levings J., Murphy C. (1993b) A Comparision of Responses to the Mentally Ill in 2 Communities. British Journal of Psychiatry 162, 99-108.
35. Hall S., Catcher C., Jefferson T., Clarke J. & Roberts B. (1978) Policing the Crisis: Mugging, the State and Law and Order. Macmillan, London.
36. Hall S., Held D. & McGrew T. (1992) Modernity and its Futures. Open University Polity Press, Cambridge.
37. Harrison G. (1997) Risk assessment in a climate of litigation. British Journal of Psychiatry 170, 37-39.
38. Hicklin A. (1999) Trapped nerves, Sunday Herald 14 November, 16.
39. Hiday V.A. (1997) Understanding the connection between mental health and violence. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 20, 399-417.
40. HMSO (1999) Reform of the Mental Health Act 1983: Proposals for Consultation. HMSO, London.
41. Hodgins S. (1994) Schizophrenia and violence: are new mental health policies needed? Journal of Forensic Psychiatry 5, 473-477.
42. Hunt A. (1997) 'Moral panic' and moral language in the media. British Journal of Sociology 48, 629-648.
43. Jagger E. (1997) The production of official discourse on 'glue sniffing'. Journal of Social Policy 26, 445-465.
44. Jones K. (1993) Asylums and After: a Revised History of the Mental Health Services. From the Early 18th Century to the 1990s. Athlone Press, London.
45. Leyton E., O'Grady W. & Overton J. (1992) Violence and Public Anxiety: a Canadian Case. Institute of Social and Economic Research, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland.
46. Lingham R. & Murphy E. (1996) Deadly serious. Health Service Journal 31 October, 22-23.
47. Link B.G. & Stueve A. (1998) New evidence on the violence risk posed by people with mental illness. Archives of General Psychiatry 55, 403-404.
48. Maclean U. (1969) Community attitudes to mental illness in Edinburgh. British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine 23, 45-52.
49. Manthorpe J. (1998) Learning through inquiry. Journal of Mental Health 7, 1-7.
50. Mason T. (1998) Tarasoff liability: its impact for working with patients who threaten others. International Journal of Nursing Studies 35, 109-114.
51. Mechanic D. (1969) Mental Health and Social Policy. Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
52. Milburn A. (1999) Speech during a visit to Ealing, Hammersmith and Fulham Mental Health NHS Trust, 16 November 1999.
53. Miller D. & Kitzinger J. (1998) AIDS, the policy process and moral panics. In: The Circuit of Mass Communication (eds Miller, D., Kitzinger, J., Williams, K. & Beharrell, P.). Glasgow Media Group, Sage, London.
54. Mohr W.K. (1999) Deconstructing the language of psychiatric hospitalisation. Journal of Advanced Nursing 29, 1052-1059.
55. Monahan J. (1992) Mental disorder and violent behaviour: attitudes and evidence. American Psychologist 47, 511-521.
56. Monahan J. & Arnold J. (1996) Violence by people with mental illness: a consensus statement by advocates and researchers. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal 19, 67-70.
57. Morrall P. (2000) Madness and Murder. Whurr, London.
58. Muijen M. (1996a) Scare in the community: Britain in moral panic. In: Mental Health Matters (eds Heller, T., Reynolds, J., Gomm, R., Musten, R. & Pattison, S.). Open University Press, Milton Keynes.
59. Muijen M. (1996b) Heresy about the inquisitions. Health Services Journal 29 February, 25.
60. Mullen P.E. (1997) A reassessment of the link between mental disorder and violent behaviour and its implications for clinical practice. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 31, 3-11.
61. Mulvey E.P. (1994) Assessing the evidence of a link between mental illness and violence. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 45, 663-668.
62. Murphy E. (1997) Inquiry into homicides by psychiatric patients. British Medical Journal 314, 375.
63. Neal S. (1998) Embodying Black madness. Embodying White femininity: populist (re) presentations and public policy - The case of Christopher Clunis and Jayne Zito. Sociological Research Online 3 http://www.socresonline.org.uk/socresonline/3/4/6.html.
64. North East Thames and South East Thames Regional Health Authorities (1994) The Report of the Inquiry into the Care and Treatment of Christopher Clunis. HMSO, London.
65. Nunally J.C. (1961) Popular Conceptions of Mental Health. Holt Rinehart and Wilson, New York.
66. Pearson G. (1983) Hooliganism: a History of Respectable Fears. Macmillan, London.
67. Peay J. (1996) Themes and questions. In: Inquiries after Homicide (ed Peay, J.). Duckworth, London.
68. Phelan J., Link B., Stuve A. & Prescosolido B. (1997) Public conceptions of mental illness in 1950 and today: findings from the 1996 General Social Survey on Mental Health. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association, 12 August, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
69. Philo G. (1996) The media and public belief. In: Media and Mental Distress (ed Philo, G.). Longman, London.
70. Prins H. & Swan M. (1998) Independent inquiries into homicides. Psychiatric Care 5, 112-117.
71. Read J. & Baker S. (1996) Not Just Sticks and Stones: a Survey of Stigma Taboos Experienced by People with Mental Health Problems. MIND, London.
72. Rogers A. & Pilgrim D. (1996) Mental Health Policy in Britain. A Critical Introduction. Macmillan Press, Houndmills.
73. Rose D. (1998) Television, madness and community care. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology 8, 213-228.
74. Rosen G. (1968) Madness in Society: Chapters in the Historical Sociology of Mentally Ill. Chicago University Press, Chicago.
75. Royal Society (1992) Risk: Analysis, Perceptions and Management. Report of a Royal Society Study Group. Royal Society, London.
76. Rubin G. (1994) Thinking sex: notes for a radical theory of the politics of sexuality. In: Pleasures and Dangers, Exploring Female Sexuality (ed Vance, C.S.). Riversoram Press, New York.
77. Sayce L. (1995) Response to violence: a framework for fair treatment. In: Psychiatric Patient Violence Risk and Response (ed Crichton, J.). Duckworth, London.
78. Scull A.S. (1989) Social Order/Mental Disorder. Anglo American Psychiatry in Historical Perspective. University of California Press, Berkeley.
79. Scull A.S. (1993) The Most Solitary of Afflictions. Madness and Society in Britain. Yale University Press, New Haven.
80. Shoenberg E. (1990) Therapeutic communities: the ideal, the real and the possible. In: The Therapeutic Community (ed Jansen, E.). Croom-Helm, London.
81. Sindall R. (1990) Street Violence in the Nineteenth Century. Media Panic or Moral Danger. Leicester University Press, Leicester.
82. Steadman H. & Cocozza J. (1978) Selective reporting and the public's misconceptions of the criminally insane. Public Opinion Quarterly 41, 523-533.
83. Steadman H.J., Mulvey E.P., Monahan J., Robbins P.C., Applebaum P.S., Grisso T., Roth L.H. & Silver E. (1998) Violence by people discharged from acute psychiatric inpatient facilities and by others in the same neighbourhoods. Archives of General Psychiatry 55, 393-401.
84. Swanson J.W. (1994) Mental disorder, substance abuse and community violence: an epidemiological approach. In: Violence and Mental Disorder Developments in Risk Assessment (eds Monahan, J. & Steadman, H.). University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
85. Swanson J.W., Borum R., Monahan J. & Swartz M. (1996) Psychotic symptoms and the risk of violent behaviour: evidence from the Epidemiologie Catchment Area Surveys. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 41, 317-338.
86. Swanson J.W., Holzer C., Ganja V. & Jono R. (1990) Violence and psychiatric disorder in the community: evidence from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Surveys. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 41, 761-770.
87. Taylor P.J. (1997) Mental disorder and risk of violence. International Review of Psychiatry 9, 157-161.
88. Taylor P.J. & Gunn J. (1999) Homicides by people with a mental illness. Myth and reality. British Journal of Psychiatry 174, 9-14.
89. Tester (1994) Media, Culture and Morality, Routledge, London.
90. Thompson K. (1998) Moral Panics, Routledge, London.
91. Waddington P.A.J. (1986) Mugging as a moral panic. A question of proportion. British Journal of Sociology XXXVII, 245-259.
92. Watney S. (1987) Policing Desire. Pornography, AIDS and the Media. Methuen, London.
93. Wessley S. (1996) The rise of counselling and the return of alienism. British Medical Journal 313, 158-160.
94. Wilkinson J. (1998) Danger on the streets: mental illness, community care and ingratitude. In: The Social Construction of Community Care (eds Symonds, A. & Kelly, A.). Macmillan, London.
95. Wynne B. (1982) Rationality and Ritual: the Windscale Inquiry and Nuclear Decisions in Britain. British Society for the History of Science, Chalfont St Giles.
96. Zito J. & Hewlett M. (1996) Introduction. In: Learning the Lessons. Mental Health Inquiry Reports Published in England and Wales between 1969 and 1996 and their Recommendations for Improving Practice (ed Sheppard, D.). The Zito Trust, London.