Alexithymia, emotion, and somatic complaints

Journal of Personality

Volumn 69, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 483-510

  Lundh, Lars Gunnar ^a   Simonsson Sarnecki, Margareta ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; EMOTION; EMOTIONAL DISORDER; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PERSONALITY TEST; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOSOMATIC DISORDER; SOMATOFORM DISORDER;

ADULT; AFFECTIVE SYMPTOMS; EMOTIONS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT; PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGIC DISORDERS; SOMATOFORM DISORDERS;

EID: 0035378142     PISSN: 00223506     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1467-6494.00153     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
2. Attanasio, V., Andrasik, F., Blanchard, E. B., & Arena, J.G. (1984). Psychometric properties of the SUNYA Revision of the Psychosomatic Symptom Checklist. Journal of Behavior Medicine, 7, 247-257.
3. Bach, M., & Bach, D. (1996). Alexithymia in somatoform disorder and somatic disease: A comparative study. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 65, 150-152.
4. Bach, M., Bach, D., Böhmer, F., & Nutzinger, D.O. (1994). Alexithymia and somatization: Relationship to DSM-III-R diagnoses. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38, 180-190.
5. Bach, M., Bach, D., & de Zwaan, M. (1996). Independence of alexithymia and somatization. A factor analytic study. Psychosomatics, 37, 451-458.
6. Bagby, R. M., Parker, J. D. A., & Taylor, G. J. (1994a). The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale - I. Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38, 23-32.
7. Bagby, R. M., Taylor, G. J., & Atkinson, L. (1988). Alexeithymia: A comparative study of three self-report measures. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 32, 107-116.
8. Bagby, R. M., Taylor, G. J., & Parker, J.D.A. (1988). Construct validity of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 50, 29-34.
9. Bagby, R. M., Taylor, G. J., & Parker, J.D.A. (1994b). The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale - II. Convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38, 33-40.
10. Bagby, R. M., Taylor, G. J., & Ryan, D. (1986). Toronto Alexithymia Scale: Relationship with personality and psychopathology measures. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 45, 207-215.
11. Barsky, A. J., Goodson, J. D., Lane, R. S., & Cleary, P. D. (1988). The amplification of somatic symptoms. Psychosomatic Medicine, 50, 510-519.
12. Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561-571.
13. Carlsson, S., Parker, J.D.A., & Taylor, G. J. (1994). [Confirmatory factor analysis of data for 115 psychology students on a Swedish translation of the TAS-20]. Unpublished data.
14. Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1991). Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: Psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 103-116.
15. Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1985). The NEO Personality Inventory manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
16. Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1987). Neuroticism, somatic complaints, and disease: Is the bark worse than the bite? Journal of Personality, 55, 299-316.
17. Deary, I. J., Scott, S., & Wilson, J. A. (1997). Neuroticism, alexithymia and medically unexplained symptoms. Personality and Individual Differences, 22, 551-564.
18. Derogatis, L. R. (1977). SCL-90. Administration, scoring and procedures manual. Clinical psychometric research. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
19. Eid, M., & Diener, E. (1999). Intraindividual variability in affect: Reliability, validity, and personality correlates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 662-676.
20. Frisch, M. B., Cornell, J., Villanueva, M., & Retzlaff, P. J. (1992). Clinical validation of the Quality of Life Inventory: A measure of life satisfaction for use in treatment planning and outcome assessment. Psychological Assessment, 4, 92-101.
21. Fukunishi, I., Kikuchi, M., Wogan, J., & Takubo, M. (1997b). Secondary alexithymia as a state reaction in panic disorder and social phobia. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 38, 166-170.
22. Gustavsson, P., Weinryb, R. M., Göransson, S., Pedersen N. L., & Åsberg, M. (1997). Stability and predictive ability of personality traits across 9 years. Personality and Individual Differences, 22, 784-791.
23. Isen, A. M. (1999). Positive affect. In T. Dalgleish & M.J. Power (Eds.), Handbook of cognition and emotion (pp. 521-540). Chichester: Wiley.
24. Isen, A. M., Shalker, T. F., Clark, M., & Karp, L. (1978). Affect, accessibility of material in memory, and behavior: A cognitive loop? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 1-12.
25. Jackson, D. N. (1974). The basic personality inventory. London, ON.: Research Psychologists Press.
26. Joukamaa, M., Karlsson, H., Sohlman, B., & Lehtinen, V. (1996), Alexithymia and psychological distress among frequent attendance patients in health care. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 65, 199-202.
27. Kellner, R. (1987). Abridged manual of the Illness Attitude Scale. Albuquerque, NM: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico.
28. Kirmayer, L. J., Robbins, J. M., Dworkind, M., & Yaffe, M. J. (1993). Somatization and the recognition of depression and anxiety in primary care. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 734-741.
29. Kirmayer, L. J., Robbins, J. M., & Paris, J. (1994). Somatoform disorders: Personality and the social matrix of somatic distress. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 125-136.
30. Klein, S. B., Babey, S. H., & Sherman, J. W. (1997). The functional independence of trait and behavioral self-knowledge: Methodological considerations and new empirical findings. Social Cognition, 15, 183-203.
31. Klein, S. B., & Loftus, J. (1993). The mental representation of trait and autobiographical knowledge about the self. In T. K. Srull & R. S. Wyer, Jr. (Eds.), The mental representation of trait and autobiographical knowledge about the self: Advances in social cognition. Vol. 5 (pp. 1-49). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
32. Klein, S. B., Sherman, J. W., & Loftus, J. (1996). The role of episodic and semantic memory in the development of trait self-knowledge. Social Cognition, 14, 277-291.
33. Lane, R. D., Quinlan, D. M., Schwartz, G. E., Walker, P. A., & Zeitlin, S. B. (1990). The levels of emotional awareness scale: A cognitive-developmental measure of emotion. Journal of Personality Assessment, 55, 124-134.
34. Lane, R. D., Sechrest, L., Reidel, R., Weldon, V., Kasziak, A., & Schwartz, G. E. (1996). Impaired verbal and nonverbal emotion regulation in alexithymia. Psychosomatic Medicine, 58, 203-210.
35. Larsen, R. (1992). Neuroticism and selective encoding and recall of symptoms: Evidence from a combined concurent retrospective study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 480-488.
36. Larsen, R. J., & Diener, E. (1987). Affect intensity as an individual difference characteristic: A review. Journal of Research in Personality, 21, 1-39.
37. Luminet, O., Bagby, R. M., Wagner, H., Taylor, G. J., & Parker, J.D.A. (1999). The relationship between alexithymia and the five-factor model of personality: A facet level analysis. Journal of Personality Assessment, 73, 345-358.
38. Lumley, M. A., Ovies, T., Stettner, L., Wehmer, F., & Lakey, B. (1996). Alexithymia, social support and health problems. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 41, 519-530.
39. Lundh, L. G., Wikström, J., & Westerlund, J. (2001). Cognitive bias, emotion, and somatic complaints in a normal sample. Cognition and Emotion, 15, 249-277.
40. McNair, D., Lorr, M., & Dropplemann, L. (1971). Manual for the Profile of Mood States. San Diego, CA: Educational and Industrial Testing Service.
41. Miller, L. C., Murphy, R., & Buss, A. H. (1981). Consciousness of body: Private and public. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 397-406.
42. Natale, M., & Hantas, M. (1982). Effect of temporary mood states on selective memory about the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 927-934.
43. Nemiah, J. C., Freyberger, H., & Sifneos, P. E. (1976). Alexithymia: A view of the psychosomatic process. In O.W. Hill (Ed.), Modern trends in psychosomatic medicine (Vol. 2, pp. 430-439). London: Butterworths.
44. Parker, J.D. A., Bagby, R. M., & Taylor, G. J. (1991). Alexithymia and depression: Distinct or overlapping constructs? Comprehensive Psychiatry, 32, 387-394.
45. Parker, J.D.A., Taylor, G. J., & Bagby, R. M. (1993b). Alexithymia and recognition of facial expressions of emotion. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 59, 197-202.
46. Pennebaker, J. W. (1982). The psychology of physiological symptoms. New York: Springer-Verlag.
47. Porcelli, P., Leoci, C., Guerra, V., Taylor, G. J., & Bagby, R. M. (1996) A longitudinal study of alexithymia and psychological distress in inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 41, 569-573.
48. Prince, J. D., & Berenbaum, H. (1993). Alexithymia and hedonic capacity. Journal of Research in Personality, 27, 15-22.
49. Rief, W., Heuser, J., & Fichter, M. M. (1996). What does the Toronto Alexithymia scale TAS-R measure? Journal of Clinical Psychology, 52, 423-429.
50. Rubino, I. A., Grasso, S., Sonnino, A., & Pezzarossa, B. (1991). Is alexithymia a non-neurotic personality dimension? British Journal of Medical Psychology, 64, 385-391.
51. Salminen, J. K., Saarijärvi, S., Äärelä, E., & Tamminen, T. (1994). Alexithymia - State or trait? One-year follow-up study of general hospital psychiatric consultation out-patients. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38, 681-685.
52. Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition, and Personality, 9, 185-211.
53. Schalling, D. (1985). Personality correlates of elevated blood pressure. Anxiety, unexpressed anger, and lack of assertiveness. In C. D. Spielberger, I. G. Sarason, & P. B. Defares (Eds.), Stress and anxiety (Vol. 9, pp. 241-251). Washington: Hemisphere.
54. Schalling, D., Cronholm, B., & Åsberg, M. (1975). Components of state and trait anxiety as related to personality and arousal. In L. Levy (Ed.), Emotions, their parameters, and measurement (pp. 603-617). New York: Raven Press.
55. Schalling, D., Cronholm, B., Åsberg, M., & Espmark, S. (1973). Ratings of psychic and somatic anxiety indicators. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 49, 353-368.
56. Sifneos, P. E. (1973). The prevalence of "alexithymic" characteristics in psychosomatic patients. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 22, 255-262.
57. Snyder, M., & White, P. (1982). Moods and memories: Elation, depression, and the remembering of the events of one's life. Journal of Personality, 50, 149-167.
58. Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. C., Lushene, R. E., Vagg, P. R., & Jacobs, G. A. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
59. Stein, N. L., & Levine, L. J. (1999). The early emergence of emotional understanding and appraisal: Implications for theories of development. In T. Dalgleish & M. J. Power (Eds.), Handbook of cognition and emotion (pp. 383-410). Chichester: Wiley.
60. Taylor, G. J., Bagby, R. M., & Parker, J.D.A. (1992). The revised Toronto Alexithymia Scale: Some reliability, validity, and normative data. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 57, 34-41.
61. Taylor, G. J., Bagby, R. M., & Parker, J.D.A. (1997). Disorders of affect regulation: Alexithymia in medical and psychiatric illness. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
62. Taylor, G. J., Bagby, R. M., & Parker, J.D.A. (1985). Toward the development of a new self-report alexithymia scale. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 44, 191-199.
63. Teasdale, J. D., & Fogarty, S. J. (1979). Differential effects of induced mood on retrieval of pleasant and unpleasant events from episodic memory. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 88, 248-257.
64. Thomas, D. L., & Diener, E. (1990). Memory accuracy in the recall of emotions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 291-297.
65. Utrednings-och statistikkontoret. (2000). Inre staden. Stockholm.
66. Watson, D., & Pennebaker, J. W. (1989). Health complaints, stress, and distress: Exploring the central role of negative affectivity. Psychological Review, 96, 234-254.
67. Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1074.
68. Wise, T. N., & Mann, L. S. (1994). The relationship between somatosensory amplification, alexithymia, and neuroticism. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38, 515-521.