메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 38, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 227-251

Inequality in life expectancy, functional status, and active life expectancy across selected Black and White populations in the United States

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICAN; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; ARTICLE; CAUCASIAN; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DAILY LIFE ACTIVITY; DEMOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HEALTH STATUS; HUMAN; LIFE EXPECTANCY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; POVERTY; RISK; SEX RATIO; STATISTICAL MODEL; STATISTICS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0035349981     PISSN: 00703370     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3088303     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (175)

References (106)
  • 2
    • 0030041785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The shape of the relationship between income and mortality in the united states: Evidence from the national longitudinal mortality study
    • Backlund, E., P.D. Sorlie, and N.J. Johnson. 1996. "The Shape of the Relationship Between Income and Mortality in the United States: Evidence From the National Longitudinal Mortality Study." Annals of Epidemiology 6(1): 12-20, 21-22.
    • (1996) Annals of Epidemiology , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 12-20
    • Backlund, E.1    Sorlie, P.D.2    Johnson, N.J.3
  • 3
    • 0005849882 scopus 로고
    • Regional and social variations in disability-free life expectancy in Great Britain
    • edited by J.M. Robine, C.D. Mathers, M.R. Bone, and I. Romieu. Paris: Colloque INSERM/John Libbey Eurotext
    • Bebbington, A.C. 1993. "Regional and Social Variations in Disability-Free Life Expectancy in Great Britain." Pp. 175-91 in Calculation of Health Expectancies: Harmonization, Consensus Achieved and Future Perspectives, Vol. 226, edited by J.M. Robine, C.D. Mathers, M.R. Bone, and I. Romieu. Paris: Colloque INSERM/John Libbey Eurotext.
    • (1993) Calculation of Health Expectancies: Harmonization, Consensus Achieved and Future Perspectives , vol.226 , pp. 175-191
    • Bebbington, A.C.1
  • 4
    • 0030318221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceptions of racial group competition: Extending blumer's theory of group position to a multiracial social context
    • Bobo, L. and V. Hutchings. 1996. "Perceptions of Racial Group Competition: Extending Blumer's Theory of Group Position to a Multiracial Social Context." American Sociological Review 16:951-72.
    • (1996) American Sociological Review , vol.16 , pp. 951-972
    • Bobo, L.1    Hutchings, V.2
  • 6
    • 0000806299 scopus 로고
    • Race and education differences in disability status and labor force attachment in the health and retirement survey
    • Bound, J., M. Schoenbaum, and T. Waidmann. 1995. "Race and Education Differences in Disability Status and Labor Force Attachment in the Health and Retirement Survey." Journal of Human Resources 30:S227-67.
    • (1995) Journal of Human Resources , vol.30
    • Bound, J.1    Schoenbaum, M.2    Waidmann, T.3
  • 8
    • 0002884433 scopus 로고
    • A stochastic study of the life table and its applications: III. The follow-up study with the consideration of competing risks
    • Chiang, C.L. 1961. "A Stochastic Study of the Life Table and Its Applications: III. The Follow-Up Study With the Consideration of Competing Risks." Biometrics 17:57-78.
    • (1961) Biometrics , vol.17 , pp. 57-78
    • Chiang, C.L.1
  • 10
    • 0026802002 scopus 로고
    • Racial and social correlates of age-related changes in functioning
    • Clark, D. and G. Maddox. 1992. "Racial and Social Correlates of Age-Related Changes in Functioning." Journal of Gerontology 47:S222-32.
    • (1992) Journal of Gerontology , vol.47
    • Clark, D.1    Maddox, G.2
  • 14
    • 0030237349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mixed trends in population health among older adults
    • Crimmins, 1996. "Mixed Trends in Population Health Among Older Adults." Journals of Gerontology: Social Sciences 51B(5):S223-25.
    • (1996) Journals of Gerontology: Social Sciences , vol.51 B , Issue.5
    • Crimmins1
  • 15
    • 0024843189 scopus 로고
    • Changes in life expectancy and disability-free life expectancy in the United States
    • Crimmins, E., Y. Saito, and D. Ingegneri. 1989. "Changes in Life Expectancy and Disability-Free Life Expectancy in the United States." Population and Development Review 15:235-37.
    • (1989) Population and Development Review , vol.15 , pp. 235-237
    • Crimmins, E.1    Saito, Y.2    Ingegneri, D.3
  • 16
    • 0031404347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in disability-free life expectancy in the United States, 1970-90
    • _. 1997. "Trends in Disability-Free Life Expectancy in the United States, 1970-90." Population and Development Review 23:555-72.
    • (1997) Population and Development Review , vol.23 , pp. 555-572
  • 17
    • 0031003485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Further evidence on recent trends in the prevalence and incidence of disability among older Americans from two sources: The LSOA and the nHIS
    • Crimmins, E., Y. Saito, and S.L. Reynolds. 1997. "Further Evidence on Recent Trends in the Prevalence and Incidence of Disability Among Older Americans From Two Sources: The LSOA and the NHIS." Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 52B:S59-71.
    • (1997) Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences , vol.52 B
    • Crimmins, E.1    Saito, Y.2    Reynolds, S.L.3
  • 18
    • 0031785913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual social class, area-based deprivation, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and mortality: The Renfrew and Paisley study
    • Davey Smith, G., C. Hart, G. Watt, D. Hole, and V. Hawthorne. 1998. "Individual Social Class, Area-Based Deprivation, Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors, and Mortality: The Renfrew and Paisley Study." Journal of Epidemiological Community Health 52:399-405.
    • (1998) Journal of Epidemiological Community Health , vol.52 , pp. 399-405
    • Davey Smith, G.1    Hart, C.2    Watt, G.3    Hole, D.4    Hawthorne, V.5
  • 20
    • 0001850673 scopus 로고
    • Race, gender, and poverty in the rural south
    • edited by C.M. Duncan. New York: Auburn House
    • Dill, B.T. and B.B. Williams. 1992. "Race, Gender, and Poverty in the Rural South." Pp. 97-109 in Rural Poverty in America, edited by C.M. Duncan. New York: Auburn House.
    • (1992) Rural Poverty in America , pp. 97-109
    • Dill, B.T.1    Williams, B.B.2
  • 21
    • 0029667911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Educational differentials in mortality: United States, 1979-85
    • Elo, I. and S. Preston. 1996. "Educational Differentials in Mortality: United States, 1979-85." Social Science and Medicine 42:47-57.
    • (1996) Social Science and Medicine , vol.42 , pp. 47-57
    • Elo, I.1    Preston, S.2
  • 22
    • 84936097259 scopus 로고
    • The continuing significance of race: Antiblack discrimination in public places
    • Feagin, J. 1991. "The Continuing Significance of Race: Antiblack Discrimination in Public Places." American Sociological Review 56:101-16.
    • (1991) American Sociological Review , vol.56 , pp. 101-116
    • Feagin, J.1
  • 25
    • 0024164263 scopus 로고
    • The directionality and age selectivity of the health-migration relation: Evidence from sequences of disability and mobility in the United States
    • Findley, S. 1988. "The Directionality and Age Selectivity of the Health-Migration Relation: Evidence From Sequences of Disability and Mobility in the United States." International Migration Review 22(3):4-29.
    • (1988) International Migration Review , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 4-29
    • Findley, S.1
  • 27
    • 0031687161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding trends in functional limitations among older americans
    • Freedman, V.A. and L.G. Martin. 1998. "Understanding Trends in Functional Limitations Among Older Americans." American Journal of Public Health 88:1457-62.
    • (1998) American Journal of Public Health , vol.88 , pp. 1457-1462
    • Freedman, V.A.1    Martin, L.G.2
  • 28
    • 0011674946 scopus 로고
    • The weathering hypothesis and the health of African American women and infants: Implications for reproductive strategies and policy analysis
    • edited by G. Sen and R. Snow. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
    • Geronimus, A.T. 1994. "The Weathering Hypothesis and the Health of African American Women and Infants: Implications for Reproductive Strategies and Policy Analysis." Pp. 77-100 in Power and Decision: The Social Control of Reproduction, edited by G. Sen and R. Snow. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
    • (1994) Power and Decision: The Social Control of Reproduction , pp. 77-100
    • Geronimus, A.T.1
  • 29
    • 0030054112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black/White differences in the relationship of maternal age to birthweight: A population based test of the weathering hypothesis
    • _. 1996. "Black/White Differences in the Relationship of Maternal Age to Birthweight: A Population Based Test of the Weathering Hypothesis." Social Science and Medicine 42:589-97.
    • (1996) Social Science and Medicine , vol.42 , pp. 589-597
  • 30
    • 0034129938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • To mitigate, resist, or undo: Addressing structural influences on the health of urban populations
    • _. 2000. "To Mitigate, Resist, or Undo: Addressing Structural Influences on the Health of Urban Populations." American Journal of Public Health 90:867-72.
    • (2000) American Journal of Public Health , vol.90 , pp. 867-872
  • 31
    • 0032167805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the use of census-based aggregate variables to proxy for socioeconomic group: Evidence from national samples
    • Geronimus, A. and J. Bound. 1998. "On the Use of Census-Based Aggregate Variables to Proxy for Socioeconomic Group: Evidence From National Samples." American Journal of Epidemiology 148:475-86.
    • (1998) American Journal of Epidemiology , vol.148 , pp. 475-486
    • Geronimus, A.1    Bound, J.2
  • 32
    • 0030557656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the validity of using census geocode characteristics to proxy individual socioeconomic characteristics
    • Geronimus, A., J. Bound, and L. Neidert. 1996. "On the Validity of Using Census Geocode Characteristics to Proxy Individual Socioeconomic Characteristics." Journal of the American Statistical Association 91:529-37.
    • (1996) Journal of the American Statistical Association , vol.91 , pp. 529-537
    • Geronimus, A.1    Bound, J.2    Neidert, L.3
  • 33
    • 0032935178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poverty, time and place: Variation in excess mortality across selected U.S. populations, 1980-1990
    • Geronimus, A., J. Bound, and T. Waidmann. 1999. "Poverty, Time and Place: Variation in Excess Mortality Across Selected U.S. Populations, 1980-1990." Journal of Epidemiological Community Health 53:325-34.
    • (1999) Journal of Epidemiological Community Health , vol.53 , pp. 325-334
    • Geronimus, A.1    Bound, J.2    Waidmann, T.3
  • 35
    • 0005698357 scopus 로고
    • Short methods of constructing abridged life tables
    • June
    • Greville, T. 1943. "Short Methods of Constructing Abridged Life Tables." Record of the American Institute of Actuaries 32 (Part 1, June):29-43.
    • (1943) Record of the American Institute of Actuaries , vol.32 , Issue.1 PART , pp. 29-43
    • Greville, T.1
  • 39
    • 0033070518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial inequality in active life among adult Americans
    • Hayward, M.D. and M. Heron. 1999. "Racial Inequality in Active Life Among Adult Americans." Demography 36:77-91.
    • (1999) Demography , vol.36 , pp. 77-91
    • Hayward, M.D.1    Heron, M.2
  • 40
    • 0031303346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inequality in men's mortality: The socioeconomic status gradient and geographic context
    • Hayward, M.D., A.M. Pienta, and D.K. McLaughlin. 1997. "Inequality in Men's Mortality: The Socioeconomic Status Gradient and Geographic Context." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 38:313-30.
    • (1997) Journal of Health and Social Behavior , vol.38 , pp. 313-330
    • Hayward, M.D.1    Pienta, A.M.2    McLaughlin, D.K.3
  • 41
    • 0039866980 scopus 로고
    • Defining 'rural' areas: Impact on health care policy and research
    • edited by S. Jones. Albany: Rockefeller College Press
    • Hewitt, M. 1993. "Defining 'Rural' Areas: Impact on Health Care Policy and Research." Pp. 9-32 in Sociocultural and Service Issues in Working With Rural Clients, edited by S. Jones. Albany: Rockefeller College Press.
    • (1993) Sociocultural and Service Issues in Working With Rural Clients , pp. 9-32
    • Hewitt, M.1
  • 42
  • 45
    • 0023808877 scopus 로고
    • Social relationships and health
    • House, J.S., K.R. Landis, and D. Umberson. 1988. "Social Relationships and Health." Science 241:540-45.
    • (1988) Science , vol.241 , pp. 540-545
    • House, J.S.1    Landis, K.R.2    Umberson, D.3
  • 47
    • 0031085303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-rated health and mortality: A review of twenty-seven community studies
    • Idler, E. and Y. Benyamini. 1997. "Self-Rated Health and Mortality: A Review of Twenty-Seven Community Studies." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 39:21-37.
    • (1997) Journal of Health and Social Behavior , vol.39 , pp. 21-37
    • Idler, E.1    Benyamini, Y.2
  • 49
    • 0039275185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceptions of discrimination: The stress process and physical and psychological health
    • Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor. Unpublished manuscript
    • Jackson, J., D. Williams, and M. Torres. 1996. "Perceptions of Discrimination: The Stress Process and Physical and Psychological Health." Program for Research on Black Americans, Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor. Unpublished manuscript.
    • (1996) Program for Research on Black Americans
    • Jackson, J.1    Williams, D.2    Torres, M.3
  • 50
    • 0027325206 scopus 로고
    • Racial and ethnic differences in infant mortality and low birth weight: A psychosocial critique
    • James, S. 1993. "Racial and Ethnic Differences in Infant Mortality and Low Birth Weight: A Psychosocial Critique." Annals of Epidemiology 3:130-36.
    • (1993) Annals of Epidemiology , vol.3 , pp. 130-136
    • James, S.1
  • 51
    • 0028453371 scopus 로고
    • John henryism and the health of African-Americans
    • _. 1994. "John Henryism and the Health of African-Americans." Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 18:163-82.
    • (1994) Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry , vol.18 , pp. 163-182
  • 52
    • 0026597261 scopus 로고
    • Socioeconomic status, John Henryism, and blood pressure in Black adults: The Pitt county study
    • James, S., N. Keenan, D. Strogatz, S. Browning, and J. Garrett. 1992. "Socioeconomic Status, John Henryism, and Blood Pressure in Black Adults: The Pitt County Study." American Journal of Epidemiology 135:59-67.
    • (1992) American Journal of Epidemiology , vol.135 , pp. 59-67
    • James, S.1    Keenan, N.2    Strogatz, D.3    Browning, S.4    Garrett, J.5
  • 54
    • 0019293162 scopus 로고
    • The rising pandemic of mental disorders and associated chronic diseases and disabilities
    • Kramer, M. 1980. "The Rising Pandemic of Mental Disorders and Associated Chronic Diseases and Disabilities." Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 62(Suppl. 285):282-97.
    • (1980) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , vol.62 , Issue.285 SUPPL. , pp. 282-297
    • Kramer, M.1
  • 55
    • 0003323745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disability in the United States: Prevalence and causes, 1992
    • Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education
    • LaPlante, M. and D. Carlson. 1996. "Disability in the United States: Prevalence and Causes, 1992." Disability Statistics Report (7). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education.
    • (1996) Disability Statistics Report , Issue.7
    • LaPlante, M.1    Carlson, D.2
  • 56
    • 0031510616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnicity and mortality in the United States: Individual and community correlates
    • LeClere, F.B., R.G. Rogers, and K.D. Peters. 1997. "Ethnicity and Mortality in the United States: Individual and Community Correlates." Social Forces 76:169-98.
    • (1997) Social Forces , vol.76 , pp. 169-198
    • LeClere, F.B.1    Rogers, R.G.2    Peters, K.D.3
  • 59
    • 84935778947 scopus 로고
    • What do we really know about wages? The importance of nonreporting and census imputation
    • Lillard, L., J.P. Smith, and F. Welch. 1986. "What Do We Really Know About Wages? The Importance of Nonreporting and Census Imputation." Journal of Political Economy 94:489-506.
    • (1986) Journal of Political Economy , vol.94 , pp. 489-506
    • Lillard, L.1    Smith, J.P.2    Welch, F.3
  • 60
    • 0031987119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social epidemiology and the fundamental cause concept: On the structuring of effective cancer screens by socioeconomic status
    • Link, B.G., M. Northridge, M. Ganz, and J. Phelan. 1998. "Social Epidemiology and the Fundamental Cause Concept: On the Structuring of Effective Cancer Screens by Socioeconomic Status." Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 76:375-402.
    • (1998) Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly , vol.76 , pp. 375-402
    • Link, B.G.1    Northridge, M.2    Ganz, M.3    Phelan, J.4
  • 62
    • 0039275180 scopus 로고
    • The status of health in demand estimation, or beyond excellent, good, fair and poor
    • edited by V. Fuchs. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • Manning, W., J. Newhouse, and J. Ware, Jr. 1982. "The Status of Health in Demand Estimation, or Beyond Excellent, Good, Fair and Poor." Pp. 143-84 in Economic Aspects of Health, edited by V. Fuchs. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • (1982) Economic Aspects of Health , pp. 143-184
    • Manning, W.1    Newhouse, J.2    Ware J., Jr.3
  • 63
    • 0020109436 scopus 로고
    • Changing concepts of morbidity and mortality in the elderly population
    • Manton, K.G. 1982. "Changing Concepts of Morbidity and Mortality in the Elderly Population." Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 60:183-244.
    • (1982) Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly , vol.60 , pp. 183-244
    • Manton, K.G.1
  • 65
    • 0034243109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active life expectancy estimates for the U.S. elderly population: A multidimensional continuous-mixture model of functional change applied to completed cohorts, 1982-1996
    • Manton, K.G. and K.C. Land. 2000. "Active Life Expectancy Estimates for the U.S. Elderly Population: A Multidimensional Continuous-Mixture Model of Functional Change Applied to Completed Cohorts, 1982-1996." Demography 37:253-65.
    • (2000) Demography , vol.37 , pp. 253-265
    • Manton, K.G.1    Land, K.C.2
  • 66
    • 0023851046 scopus 로고
    • Health differentials between Blacks and Whites: Recent trends in morbidity and mortality
    • Manton, K., C. Patrick, and K. Johnson. 1987. "Health Differentials Between Blacks and Whites: Recent Trends in Morbidity and Mortality." Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 65(Suppl. 1): 129-99.
    • (1987) Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly , vol.65 , Issue.1 SUPPL. , pp. 129-199
    • Manton, K.1    Patrick, C.2    Johnson, K.3
  • 69
    • 0000884976 scopus 로고
    • Health expectancy indicators: A review of the work of REVES to date
    • edited by J. Robine, C. Mathers, M. Bone, and I. Romieu. Montrouge, France: John Libbey Eurotext
    • Mathers, C. and J. Robine. 1993. "Health Expectancy Indicators: A Review of the Work of REVES to Date." Pp. 269-86 in Calculation of Health Expectancies: Harmonization, Consensus Achieved and Future Perspectives, edited by J. Robine, C. Mathers, M. Bone, and I. Romieu. Montrouge, France: John Libbey Eurotext.
    • (1993) Calculation of Health Expectancies: Harmonization, Consensus Achieved and Future Perspectives , pp. 269-286
    • Mathers, C.1    Robine, J.2
  • 72
    • 0023188780 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the rural-urban mortality differential for deaths from all causes, cardiovascular disease and cancer
    • Miller, M., C. Stokes, and W. Clifford. 1987. "A Comparison of the Rural-Urban Mortality Differential for Deaths From All Causes, Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer." Journal of Rural Health 3(2):23-34.
    • (1987) Journal of Rural Health , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 23-34
    • Miller, M.1    Stokes, C.2    Clifford, W.3
  • 73
    • 0029905793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical impairment and the diminishing effects of income
    • Mirowsky, J. and P.N. Hu. 1996. "Physical Impairment and the Diminishing Effects of Income." Social Forces 74:1073-96.
    • (1996) Social Forces , vol.74 , pp. 1073-1096
    • Mirowsky, J.1    Hu, P.N.2
  • 76
    • 0040459854 scopus 로고
    • Health characteristics by geographic region, large metropolitan areas, and other places of residence, United States, 1980-81
    • DHHS Publication PHS 84-1574. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office
    • National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). 1984. "Health Characteristics by Geographic Region, Large Metropolitan Areas, and Other Places of Residence, United States, 1980-81." Vital and Health Statistics, Series 10, No. 146. DHHS Publication PHS 84-1574. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
    • (1984) Vital and Health Statistics, Series , vol.10 , Issue.146
  • 77
    • 0003715330 scopus 로고
    • Current estimates from the national health interview survey, 1992
    • DHHS Publication PHS 94-1517. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office
    • _. 1994. "Current Estimates From the National Health Interview Survey, 1992." Vital and Health Statistics, Series 10, No. 189. DHHS Publication PHS 94-1517. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
    • (1994) Vital and Health Statistics, Series , vol.10 , Issue.189
  • 78
    • 0041053801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vital Health Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics
    • _. 1996. Vital Health Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics. National Health Interview Survey on Disability, Phase I, 1994 [MRDF]. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
    • (1996) National Health Interview Survey on Disability, Phase I, 1994 [MRDF]
  • 81
    • 0027288803 scopus 로고
    • The increasing disparity in mortality between socioeconomic groups in the United States, 1960 and 1986
    • Pappas, G., S. Queen, W. Hadden, and G. Fisher. 1993. "The Increasing Disparity in Mortality Between Socioeconomic Groups in the United States, 1960 and 1986." New England Journal of Medicine 329:103-109.
    • (1993) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.329 , pp. 103-109
    • Pappas, G.1    Queen, S.2    Hadden, W.3    Fisher, G.4
  • 83
    • 0034690750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UK and USA breast cancer deaths down 25% in year 2000 at ages 20-69
    • Peto, R., J. Boreham, M. Clarke, C. Davies, and V. Beral. 2000. "UK and USA Breast Cancer Deaths Down 25% in Year 2000 at Ages 20-69." Lancet 355:1822.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , pp. 1822
    • Peto, R.1    Boreham, J.2    Clarke, M.3    Davies, C.4    Beral, V.5
  • 84
    • 0023244702 scopus 로고
    • Most chronic diseases are reported more frequently by individuals with fewer than 12 years of formal education in the ages 18-64: United states population
    • Pincus, T., L. Callahan, and R. Burkhauser. 1987. "Most Chronic Diseases Are Reported More Frequently by Individuals With Fewer than 12 Years of Formal Education in the Ages 18-64: United States Population." Journal of Chronic Disease 40:865-74.
    • (1987) Journal of Chronic Disease , vol.40 , pp. 865-874
    • Pincus, T.1    Callahan, L.2    Burkhauser, R.3
  • 85
    • 0030136195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African American mortality at older ages: Results from a matching study
    • Preston S., I. Elo, I. Rosenwaike, and M. Hill. 1996. "African American Mortality at Older Ages: Results From a Matching Study." Demography 33:193-209.
    • (1996) Demography , vol.33 , pp. 193-209
    • Preston, S.1    Elo, I.2    Rosenwaike, I.3    Hill, M.4
  • 89
    • 0005883399 scopus 로고
    • Death rates in rural America 1939-1981: Convergence and poverty
    • edited by W. Gesler and T. Ricketts. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press
    • Schneider, D. and M. Greenberg. 1992. "Death Rates in Rural America 1939-1981: Convergence and Poverty." Pp. 55-68 in Health in Rural North America: The Geography of Health Care Services and Delivery, edited by W. Gesler and T. Ricketts. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
    • (1992) Health in Rural North America: The Geography of Health Care Services and Delivery , pp. 55-68
    • Schneider, D.1    Greenberg, M.2
  • 92
    • 0029022595 scopus 로고
    • U.S. mortality by economic, demographic, and social characteristics: The national longitudinal mortality study
    • Sorlie, P.D., E. Backlund, and J.B. Keller. 1995. "U.S. Mortality by Economic, Demographic, and Social Characteristics: The National Longitudinal Mortality Study." American Journal of Public Health 85:949-56.
    • (1995) American Journal of Public Health , vol.85 , pp. 949-956
    • Sorlie, P.D.1    Backlund, E.2    Keller, J.B.3
  • 93
    • 17944404258 scopus 로고
    • Disability, residential mobility, and changes in living arrangements
    • Speare, A., R. Avery, and L. Lawton. 1991. "Disability, Residential Mobility, and Changes in Living Arrangements." Journal of Gerontology 46:S133-42.
    • (1991) Journal of Gerontology , vol.46
    • Speare, A.1    Avery, R.2    Lawton, L.3
  • 94
    • 0002542819 scopus 로고
    • The working poor in rural labor markets: The example of the Southeastern United States
    • edited by C. Duncan. Westport, CT: Auburn House
    • Tickamyer, A. 1992. "The Working Poor in Rural Labor Markets: The Example of the Southeastern United States." Pp. 41-61 in Rural Poverty in America, edited by C. Duncan. Westport, CT: Auburn House.
    • (1992) Rural Poverty in America , pp. 41-61
    • Tickamyer, A.1
  • 96
    • 0021440510 scopus 로고
    • Longer life but worsening health? Trends in health and mortality of middle-aged and older persons
    • Verbrugge, L.M. 1984. "Longer Life But Worsening Health? Trends in Health and Mortality of Middle-Aged and Older Persons." Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 62:474-519.
    • (1984) Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly , vol.62 , pp. 474-519
    • Verbrugge, L.M.1
  • 97
    • 0003342267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A global disability indicator
    • _. 1997 "A Global Disability Indicator." Journal of Aging Studies 11:337-62.
    • (1997) Journal of Aging Studies , vol.11 , pp. 337-362
  • 99
    • 0029206168 scopus 로고
    • The illusion of failure: Trends in the self-reported health of the U.S. elderly
    • Waidmann, T.A., J. Bound, and M. Schoenbaum. 1995. "The Illusion of Failure: Trends in the Self-Reported Health of the U.S. Elderly." Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 73:253-87.
    • (1995) Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly , vol.73 , pp. 253-287
    • Waidmann, T.A.1    Bound, J.2    Schoenbaum, M.3
  • 100
    • 84983970772 scopus 로고
    • Census undercount: An historical and contemporary sociological issue
    • West, K.K. and D.J. Fein. 1990. "Census Undercount: An Historical and Contemporary Sociological Issue." Sociological Inquiry 60:127-41.
    • (1990) Sociological Inquiry , vol.60 , pp. 127-141
    • West, K.K.1    Fein, D.J.2
  • 101
    • 0033392213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race, socioeconomic status, and health: The added effects of racism and discrimination
    • Williams, D. 1999. "Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Health: The Added Effects of Racism and Discrimination." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 896:173-88.
    • (1999) Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , vol.896 , pp. 173-188
    • Williams, D.1
  • 102
    • 84919968642 scopus 로고
    • U.S. socioeconomic and racial differences in health
    • Williams, D. and C. Collins. 1995. "U.S. Socioeconomic and Racial Differences in Health." Annual Review of Sociology 21:349-86.
    • (1995) Annual Review of Sociology , vol.21 , pp. 349-386
    • Williams, D.1    Collins, C.2
  • 103
    • 0030811247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in physical and mental health: Socioeconomic status, stress, and discrimination
    • Williams, D., Y. Yu, J. Jackson, and N. Anderson. 1997. "Racial Differences in Physical and Mental Health: Socioeconomic Status, Stress, and Discrimination." Journal of Health Psychology 2:335-51.
    • (1997) Journal of Health Psychology , vol.2 , pp. 335-351
    • Williams, D.1    Yu, Y.2    Jackson, J.3    Anderson, N.4
  • 104
    • 0030986152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life expectancy, economic inequality, homicide, and reproductive timing in Chicago neighbourhoods
    • Wilson, M. and M. Daly. 1997. "Life Expectancy, Economic Inequality, Homicide, and Reproductive Timing in Chicago Neighbourhoods." British Medical Journal 314:1271-74.
    • (1997) British Medical Journal , vol.314 , pp. 1271-1274
    • Wilson, M.1    Daly, M.2
  • 105
    • 0039866979 scopus 로고
    • Accounting for America's uncounted and miscounted
    • Wolter, K.M. 1991. "Accounting for America's Uncounted and Miscounted." Science 253:12-15.
    • (1991) Science , vol.253 , pp. 12-15
    • Wolter, K.M.1
  • 106
    • 0005557265 scopus 로고
    • Trends in the incidence and prevalence of work disability
    • edited by S. Thompson-Hoffman and I. Storch. New York: Springer
    • Yeas, M. 1991. "Trends in the Incidence and Prevalence of Work Disability." Pp. 161-83 in Disability in the United States: A Portrait From National Data, edited by S. Thompson-Hoffman and I. Storch. New York: Springer.
    • (1991) Disability in the United States: A Portrait From National Data , pp. 161-183
    • Yeas, M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.