The 'being-risky' child: Governing childhood and sexual risk

Sociology

Volumn 35, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 519-537

  Brownlie, Julie ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF STIRLING   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

'Being child'; 'Young sexual abuser'; Childhood; Foucault; Gender; Sexual risk

Indexed keywords

EID: 0035343887     PISSN: 00380385     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0038038501000256     Document Type: Article

References (108)

1. Abel, G., Becker, J., Cunningham-Rathner, J., Rouleau, J. 1987. 'Self Reported Sex Crimes of 561 Nonincarcerated Paraphiliacs'. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 2:3-25.
2. Alanen, L. 1994. 'Gender and Generation: Feminism and the "Child Question"', in J. Qvortrup et al. (eds.), Childhood Matters: Social Theory, Practice and Politics. Aldershot: Avebury.
3. Ambert, A. 1994. 'A Qualitative Study of Peer Abuse and its Effects: Theoretical and Empirical Implications'. Journal of Marriage and the Family 56:119-30.
4. Aries, P. 1962. Centuries of Childhood. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
5. Armstrong, D. 1983. The Political Anatomy of the Body. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
6. Armtrong, D. 1993 'Public Health Spaces and the Fabrication of Identity' Sociology 27:393-410.
7. Ashenden, S. 1996. 'Reflexive Governance and Child Sexual Abuse: Liberal Welfare Rationality and the Cleveland Inquiry'. Economy and Society 25 : 64-88.
8. Beck, U. 1992. Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity. London: Sage.
9. Belkin, L. 1999. 'Blaming the Parents'. The Age: Good Weekend.4 December: 18-23.
10. Best, S. and Kellner, D. 1991. Postmodern Theory: Critical Interrogations. London: Macmillan.
11. Bloor, M. and McIntosh, J. 1990. 'Surveillance and Concealment: A Comparison of Techniques of Client Resistance in Therapeutic Communities and Health Visiting', in S. Cunningham-Burley and N. McKeganey (eds.), Readings in Medical Sociology. London: Routledge.
12. Brannen, J. and O'Brien, M. 1996. Children in Families: Research and Policy. London: Falmer Press.
13. Brownlie, J. 1999. 'Between Discourse and Practice: Creating the Therapeutic Subjectivity of "The Young Sexual Abuser"'. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Stirling University
14. Buist, M. and Fuller, R. 1997. A Chance to Change: An Intervention with Young People who have Sexually Abused Others. Edinburgh: Scottish Office.
15. Calder, M. C., Hanks, H. and Epps, K. J. 1997. Juveniles and Children who Sexually Abuse: A Guide to Risk Assessment. Dorset: Russell House.
16. Cantwell, H.B. 1995. 'Sexually Aggressive Children and Societal Response', in M. Hunter (ed.), Child Survivors and Perpetrators of Sexual Abuse: Treatment Innovations. London: Sage.
17. Carrington, K. 1993. Offending Girls: Sex, Youth and Justice. Sydney: Allen and Unwin.
18. Carrington, K. and Watson. P. 1996. 'Policing Sexual Violence: Feminism, Criminal Justice and Governmentality'. International Journal of the Sociology of Law 24:253-72
19. Castel, R. 1991. 'From Dangerous to Risk', in G. Burchell, C. Gordon and P. Miller (eds.), The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
20. Cohen, S. 1972. Folk Devils and Moral Panics: The Creation of Mods and Rockers. London: Paladin.
21. Connolly, P. 1998. Racism, Gender Identities and Young Children. London: Routledge.
22. Cook, D.T. 2000. 'Childhood is Killing 'Our' Children. Some Thoughts on the Columbine High School Shootings and the Agentive Child'. Childhood 7:107-17.
23. Cook, J and Taylor, J. 1991. Working with Young Sexual Offenders. Liverpool Social Services: Barnardo's North West.
24. Cosentino, C. E., Meyer Bahlberg, H. F. L., Albert, J. L., Weinberg, S. L., Gaines, R. L. 1995. 'Sexual Behaviour Problems and Psychopathology Symptoms in Sexually Abused Girls'. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 34:1033-42.
25. Cunningham, C. and McFarlane, K. 1992. When Children Molest Children: Group Treatment Strategies for Young Sexual Abusers. Vermont: Safer Society Press.
26. Dean, M. and Hindess, B. 1998. Governing Australia: Studies in Contemporary Rationalities of Government. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.
27. Doshay, L.J. 1943. The Boy Sex Offender and his Later Career. Montclair, NJ: Patterson Smith.
28. Driver, E. and Droisen, A. 1989. Child Sexual Abuse: Feminist Perspectives. London: Macmillan.
29. Epstein, D. 1997. 'Boyz' Own Stories: Masculinities and Sexualities in Schools'. Gender and Education 18(3):105-15.
30. Epstein, D. 1999. 'Sex Play: Romantic Significations, Sexism and Silences in the Schoolyard', in D. Epstein and J. T. Sears (eds.), A Dangerous Knowing: Sexuality, Pedagogy and Popular Culture. London: Cassell.
31. Evans, D.T. 1994. 'Fallen Angels? The Material Construction of Children as Sexual Citizens'. International Journal ofChildren's Rights 2:1-35.
32. Featherstone, B. and Fawcett, B. 1994. 'Feminism and Child Abuse: Opening Up Some Possibilities'. Critical Social Policy 14 (3):61-80.
33. Featherstone, B. and Lancaster, E. 1997. 'Contemplating the Unthinkable: Men Who Sexually Abuse Children'. Critical Social Policy 17(4):51-71.
34. Ferguson, H. 1997. 'Protecting Children in New Times: Child Protection and the Risk Society'. Child and Family Social Work 2:221-34.
35. Finkelhor, D. 1984. Child Sexual Abuse: New Theory and Research. New York: Free Press.
36. Foucault, M. 1981. The History of Sexuality. An Introduction, Volume 1. New York: Vintage Books.
37. Foucault, M. 1982. 'The Subject and Power', in H. Dreyfus and P. Rabinow (eds.), Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics. London: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
38. Foucault, M. 1988. 'Technologies of Self', in L. H. Martin, H. Gutman and P. Hutton (eds.) Technologies of Self: A Seminar with Michel Foucault. London: Tavistock Publications.
39. Frank, A. 1991. 'For a Sociology of the Body: An Analytical Review', in M. Featherstone, M. Hepworth and B.S. Turner (eds.), The Body: Social Processes and Cultural Theory. London: Sage.
40. Freud, S. 1896. 'The Aetiology of Hysteria', in The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Freud, 3:191-221. London: Hogarth Press.
41. Giddens, A. 1991. Modernity and Self Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age. Cambridge: Polity Press.
42. Gil, E. and Johnson, T.C. (eds.) 1993. Sexualised Children: Assessment and Treatment of Sexualised Children and Children who Molest. Rockville, Md: Launch Press.
43. Glasgow, D. 1993 'The Origins of Exploitative Sexuality: The Challenge of Conducting Useful Research', in L. Waterhouse (ed.), Child Abuse and Child Abusers. London: Jessica Kingsley Publisher.
44. Gordon, C. 1991. 'Governmental rationality; an introduction' in G. Burchell, C. Gordon and P. Miller (eds.), The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
45. Grubin, D. 1998. Sex Offending against Children: Understanding the Risk. Police Research Series Paper 99. London: Policing and Reducing Crime Unit, Home Office.
46. Harden, J. 2000 'There's No Place Like Home: The Public/Private Distinction in Children's Theorizing of Risk and Safety' Childhood 7: 43-59.
47. Harden, J. and Scott, S. 1999. 'Strangers and City Streets'. Paper presented to the European Sociology Conference, Amsterdam.
48. Hay, C. 1995 'Mobilization Through Interpellation: James Bulger, Juvenile Crime and the Construction of a Moral Panic'. Social and Legal Studies 4:197-223.
49. Heidensohn, F. 1994. 'Gender and Crime', in M. Maguire, R. Morgan and R. Reiner (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Criminology. Buckingham: Open University Press.
50. Hendrick, H. 1994. Child Welfare in England 1872-1989. London: Routledge.
51. Holland, J., Ramazanoglu, C. and Sharpe, S. 1993. Wimp or Gladiator: Contradictions in Acquiring Masculine Sexuality. London: The Tufnell Press.
52. Hollows, A. and Armstrong, H. (eds.) 1991. Children and Young People as Abusers: The Agenda for Action. London: National Children's Bureau.
53. Jackson, S. 1982. Childhood and Sexuality. Oxford: Blackwell.
54. James, A., Jenks, C. and Prout, A. (eds.) 1998. Theorising Childhood. Cambridge: Polity Press.
55. James, A. and Prout, A. 1990. Constructing and Reconstructing Childhood: Contemporary Issues in the Sociological Study of Childhood. London: Falmer Press.
56. James, A.C. and Neil, P.C. 1996. 'Juvenile Sex Offending: A One Year Prevalence Study within Oxfordshire' Child Abuse and Neglect 20:477-85.
57. Jefferson, T. 1996 Reviews. British Journal of Criminology 36:319-23.
58. Jefferson, T. 1998. 'Muscle, "Hard Men" and "Iron" Mike Tyson: Reflections on Desire, Anxiety and the Embodiment of Masculinity'. Body and Society 4:77-98.
59. Jenks, C. 1996. Childhood. London: Routledge.
60. Johnson, T.C. 1988. 'Child Perpetrators - Children who Molest Other Children'. Child Abuse and Neglect 12:219-29.
61. Johnson, T.C. 1989. 'Female Child Perpetrators: Children who Molest Other Children'. Child Abuse and Neglect 13:571-85.
62. Justice, B. and Justice, R. 1980. The Broken Taboo: Sex in the Family. London: Peter Owen.
63. Kelly, L. 1996. 'Weasel Words: Paedophiles and the Cycle of Abuse'. Trouble and Strife 33:44-9.
64. Kelly, L., Regan, L. and Burton, S. 1991. An Exploratory Study of the Prevalence of Sexual Abuse in a Sample of 16-21 year olds. Report for ESRC. Child Abuse Studies Unit. Polytechnic of North London.
65. Krafft-Ebing, R. von 1914 (14th edn). Psychopathia Sexualis. Stuttgart: Enke.
66. Laurence, J. and McCallum, D. 1998. 'The Myth or Reality of Attention-Deficit Disorder: A Genealogical Approach'. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education 19:183-200.
67. Lawson., A. and Rhode, D. 1993. The Politics of Pregnancy. Adolescent Sexuality and Public Policy. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
68. Lees, S. 1986. Losing Out: Sexuality and Adolescent Girls. London: Hutchinson.
69. Lloyd, G. 1998. 'School Exclusion and Gender'. Paper presented at seminar 'Achieving Success in Education of Looked After Children. British Agencies for Adoption and Fostering and Department of Social Work, University of Dundee.
70. Longo, R.E. 1982. 'Sexual Learning and Experiences among Adolescent Sexual Offenders.' International Journal of Offender Th erapy and Comparative Criminology 26:235-41.
71. Longo, R.E. and Groth, A.N. 1983. 'Juvenile Sex Offenders: Guidelines for Assessment'. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 27:150-5.
72. Longo, R. and McFadden, B. 1981. 'Sexually Inappropriate Behaviour. Development of the Sexual Offender'. Law and Order December:21-3.
73. Lupton, D. and Tulloch, J. 1998. 'The Adolescent "Unfinished Body", Reflexivity and HIV/AIDS Risk'. Body and Society 4:19-34.
74. Mac An Ghaill, M. 1994. The Making of Men: Masculinities, Sexualities and Schooling. Buckingham: Open University Press.
75. Maynard, M. and Winn, J. 1997. 'Women, Violence and Male Power', in J. Richardson and V. Robinson (eds.), Introducing Women's Studies. London: Macmillan.
76. McGillivray, A.(ed.) 1997. Governing Childhood. Aldetshot: Dartmouth.
77. McNay, L. 1992. Foucault and Feminism: Power, Gender and the Self. Cambridge: Polity Press.
78. O'Callaghan, D. and Print, B. 1994. 'Adolescent Sexual Abusers: Research, Assessment and Treatment', in T. Morrison, M. Erooga and R. Beckett (eds.), Sexual Offending Against Children. Assessment and Treatment of Male Abusers. London: Routledge.
79. O'Malley, P. 1999. 'Governmentality and the Risk Society'. Economy and Society 28:138-48.
80. Ogden, J. 1995. 'Psychological Theory and the Creation of the Risky Self'. Social Science and Medicine 40:409-15.
81. Petersen, A.R. 1996. 'Risk and the Regulated Self: The Discourse of Health Promotion as Politics of Uncertainty'. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology 32:44-57.
82. Plumb, J. H. 1975. 'The New World of Children in Eighteenth Century England'. Past and Present 67:64-93.
83. Plummer, K. 1995. Telling Sexual Stories: Power, Change and Social Worlds. London: Routledge.
84. Rose, N. 1989. Governing the Soul: The Shaping of the Private Self. London: Routledge.
85. Rose, N. 1996. Inventing Ourselves: Psychology, Power and Personhood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
86. Rubenstein, M., Yeager, C., Goodstein, C. and Lewis, D. 1993. 'Sexually Assaultive Male Juveniles. A Follow Up'. American Journal of Psychiatry 150:262-5.
87. Ryan, G. 1989. 'Victim to Victimiser: Rethinking Victim Treatment'. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 4:325-41.
88. Ryan, G., Miyoshi, T. J., Metzner, J. L., Krugman, R. D., Fryer, G. E. 1996. 'Trends in a National Sample of Sexually Abusive Youths'. Journal of the America n Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 26:262-7.
89. Ryan, G. and Lane, S. (eds.) 1997 (2nd edn). Juvenile Sex Offenders: Causes, Consequences and Corrections. San Francisco: Jossey Bass.
90. Scott, S., Jackson, S. and Backett Milburn, K. 1998. 'Swings and Roundabouts: Risk Anxiety and the Everyday World of Children'. Sociology 32:689-705.
91. Shoor, M., Speed, M.H., Bartelt, C. 1965 'Syndrome of the adolescent child molester'. American Journal of Psychiatry 122:738-89.
92. Skelton, C. 1997. 'Primary Boys and Hegemonic Masculinities'. British Journal of Sociology of Education 18:349-69.
93. Skuse, D., Bentovim, A., Hodges, J., Stevenson, J., Andreou, C., New, M., Williams, B. and McMillan, D. 1998. 'Risk Factors for the Development of Sexually Abusive Behaviour in Sexually Victimised Adolescent Boys: Cross Sectional Studies'. British Medical Journal 3(17):175-9.
94. Smith 1996. 'Brotherly Love: ambiguities of peer abuse'. Keynote presentation to the Barnardo's Learning to Change conference, Liverpool.
95. Templeman, T. L. and Stinnett, R. D. 1991. 'Patterns of Sexual Arousal and History in a Normal Sample of Young Men'. Archives of Sexual Behaviour 20:137-50.
96. Thorne, B. 1993. Gender Play: Girls and Boys in School. Buckingham: Open University Press.
97. Turner, B.S. 1997. 'From Governmentality to Risk: Some Reflections on Foucault's Contribution to Medical Sociology', in A. Petersen and R. Bunton (eds.), Foucault, Health and Medicine. London: Routledge.
98. Tyler, D. 1997. 'At Risk of Maladjustment. The Problem of Child Mental Health', in A. Petersen and R. Bunton (eds.), Foucault, Health and Medicine. London: Routledge.
99. Valentine, G. 1997. '"Oh Yes I Can". "Oh No You Can't": Children and Parents' Understandings of Kids' Competence to Negotiate Public Space Safely' Antipode:65-89.
100. Vizard, E., Monck, E. and Misch, P. 1995. 'Child and Adolescent Sex Abuse Perpetrators: A Review of the Research Literature', Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 30:731-56.
101. Walkerdine, V. 1981. 'Sex, Power and Pedagogy'. Screen Education 38:14-24.
102. Walling, W.H. (ed.) 1909. Sexology. Philadelphia, Penn.: Puritan.
103. Warner, M. 1994. Six Myths of our Times: Managing Monsters. London: Vantage Books.
104. Watkins, B. and Bentovim, A. 1992. 'The Sexual Abuse of Male Children and Adolescents: Review of Current Research'. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 33:197-248.
105. Wight, D. 1994. 'Boys' Thoughts and Talk about Sex in a Working Class Locality of Glasgow'. Sociological Review 42:703-37.
106. Wight, D. 1996. 'Beyond the Predatory Male: The Diversity of Young Glaswegian Men's Discourses to Describe Heterosexual Relationships', in L. Adkins and V. Merchant (eds.), Sexualising the Social: Power and the Organisation of Sexuality. London: Macmillan.
107. Wood, J. 1984. 'Groping Towards Sexism: Boys' Sex Talk', in M. Nava and A. McRobbie (eds.), Gender and Generation. London: Macmillan.
108. Young, A. 1996. Imagining Crime. London: Sage.