"Oh yes I can." "oh no you can't": Children and parents' understandings of kids' competence to negotiate public space safely

Antipode

Volumn 29, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 65-89

  Valentine, Gill ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHILD SAFETY; PERCEPTION; PUBLIC SPACE;

UK; USA;

EID: 0031391583     PISSN: 00664812     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1467-8330.00035     Document Type: Article

References (100)

1. Aitken, S. (1994) Children's Geographies. Washington DC: Association of American Geographers.
2. Alanen, L. (1988) Rethinking childhood. Acta Sociologica 31:53-67.
3. Alanen, L. (1990) Rethinking socialization, the family and childhood. Sociological Studies of Child Development 3:13-28.
4. Alderson, P. and M. Goodwin (1993) Contradictions within concepts of children's competence. International Journal of Children's Rights 1:303-13.
5. Anderson, J. and M. Tindal (1972) The concept of home range: new data for the study of territorial behavior. In W. Mitchell (Ed.) Environmental Design: Research and Practice. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
6. Aries, P. (1962) Centuries of Childhood. New York :Vintage Press.
7. Barnardos (1994) The Facts of Life: The Changing Face of Childhood. Barnardos, London.
8. Berman, M. (1986) Take it to the streets: conflict and community in public space. Dissent Fall:470-94.
9. Bjorklid, P, (1985) Children's outdoor environment from the perspective of environmental and developmental psychology. In T. Garling and J. Vaalsiner (Eds.) Children Within Environments: Towards a Psychology of Accident Prevention. New York: Plenum, pp. 91-106.
10. Blakely, K. (1994) Parents' conceptions of social dangers to children in the urban environment. Children's Environments 11:16-25.
11. Blaut, J. (1971) Space, structure and maps. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 62:1-11.
12. Blaut, J. (1991) Natural mapping. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers p- New Series 16:55-74.
13. Blaut, J. and D. Stea (1971) Studies of geographic learning. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 61:387-93.
14. Blaut, J. and D. Stea (1974) Mapping at the age of three. Journal of Geography 73:5-9.
15. Blaut, J., McCleary, G., and Blaut A. (1970) Environmental mapping in young children. Environment and Behavior 2:335-49.
16. Blitzer, S. (1991) They are only children, what do they know? A look at current ideologies of childhood. Sociological Studies of Child Development 4:11-25.
17. Breitbart, M. (1995) Banners for the street: reclaiming space and designing change with urban youth, Journal of Education and Planning Research 15:101-14.
18. Breitbart, M. (forthcoming) Dana's mystical tunnel: young people's designs for survival and change in the city. In T. Skelton and G. Valentine (Eds.) Geographies of Youth Cultures. London: Routledge.
19. Breitbart, M. and P. Worden (1994) Creating a sense of purpose: public art and Boston's Orange Line. Places 9:80-86.
20. Buchner P. (1990) Growing up in the eighties: changes in the social biography of childhood in the FRG. In L. Chisholm, P. Buchner, H. Kruger and P. Brown (Eds.) Childhood, Youth and Social Change: A Comparative Perspective. London: Falmer Press, pp. 71-84.
21. Bunge W. (1973) The geography. The Professional Geographer 25:331-37.
22. Bunge W. and R. Bordessa (1975) The Canadian alternative: survival, expeditions and urban change. Geographical Monograph No.2. Toronto: York University.
23. Cahill, S. (1990) Childhood and public life: reaffirming biographical divisions. Social Problems 37:390-402.
24. Cohen, L. (1991) Sex differences in the course of personality development: A meta-analysis. Psychology Bulletin 109:252-66.
25. Cohen, P. (1988) The perversions of inheritance: studies in the making of multi-racist Britain. In P. Cohen and H. Bains (Eds.) Multi-Racist Britain. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
26. Cooper, S. (1986) Confronting a near and present danger: how to teach children to resist assault. In D. Haden (Ed.) Out of Harm's Way: Readings on Child Sexual Abuse, Its Prevention and Treatment. Phoenix: Oryx Press, pp. 36-40.
27. Cream, J. (1993) Child abuse and the symbolic geographies of Cleveland. Environment and Planning D: Society & Space 11:231-46.
28. Donaldson, M. (1978) Children's Minds. London: Fontana.
29. Downs, R. (1985) The representation of space: its development in children and in cartography. In R. Cohen (Ed.) The Development of Spatial Cognition. New Jersey: Hillsdale, pp. 323-46.
30. Dyck, I. (1989) Integrating home and wage workplace: women's daily lives in a Canadian suburb. The Canadian Geographer 33: 329-41.
31. Dyck, I. (1990) Space, time and renegotiating motherhood: an exploration of the domestic workplace. Environment & Planning D: Society & Space 8:459-83.
32. Elliott, M. (1988) Caring about safety. Social Work Today 19:25-26.
33. Ennew, J. (1994) Time for children or time for adults? In J. Qvortrup, M. Bardy, G. Sgritta and H. Wintersberger (Eds.) Childhood Matters: Social Theory, Practice and Politics. Aldershot: Avebury, pp. 1-24.
34. Everhart, R. (1983) Reading, Writing and Resistance. Boston: Routledge Kegan Paul.
35. Fyfe, N. and J. Bannister (1996) City watching: closed circuit television surveillance in public spaces. Area 28:37-46.
36. Gergen, K.J., G. Gloger-Tippelt and P. Berkowitz (1990) The cultural construction of the developing child. In G.R. Semin and K.J. Gergen (Eds.) Everyday Understandings: Social And Scientific Understanding. London: Sage, pp. 108-29.
37. Goode, D. (1986) Kids, culture and innocents. Human Studies 9:83-103.
38. Grober, J. and A. Bogat (1994) Social problem solving in unsafe situations: implications for sexual abuse education programs. American Journal of Community Psychology 22:399-414.
39. Gullone, E. and N. King (1993) The fears of youth in the 1990s: contemporary normative data. Journal of Genetic Psychology 154:137-53.
40. Hart, R. (1979) Children's Experience of Place. New York: Irvington.
41. Hesse B., D. Rai, C. Bennett and P. McGilchrist (1992) Beneath the Surface: Racial Harassment. Aldershot: Avebury.
42. Hendrick, H. (1990) Constructions and reconstructions of British childhood: an interpretive survey, 1800 to present. In A. Prout and A. James (Eds.) Constructing and Reconstructing Childhood. Basingstoke: Falmer Press, 35-59.
43. Hillman, M. and J. Adams (1992) Children's freedom and safety. Children's Environments 9:10-22.
44. Hillman M., J. Adams and J. Whitelegg (1990) One False Move: A Study of Children's Independent Mobility. London: Policy Studies Institute.
45. James, A. and C. Jenks (in press) Public perceptions of childhood criminality. British Journal of Sociology (forthcoming).
46. James, S. (1990) Is there a 'place' for children in geography? Area 22:278-83.
47. Katz, C. (1991) Sow what you know: the struggle for social reproduction in Rural Sudan. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 8:488-514.
48. Katz, C. (1995) "Power, space and terror: social reproduction and the public environment." Paper presented at landscape architecture, social ideology and the politics of place conference, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Available from the author.
49. Keith M. (1995) Making the street visible: placing racial violence in context. New Community 21:551-65.
50. King, N., K. Ollier, R. Lacuone, S. Schuster, K. Bays, E. Gullone, and T. Ollendick. (1989) Fears of children and adolescents: A cross-sectional Australian study using the Revised-Fear Survey Schedule for Children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 30:775-84.
51. Kitzinger, J. (1990) Who are you kidding? Children, power and the struggle against sexual abuse. In A. Prout and A. James (Eds.) Constructing and Reconstructing Childhood. Basingstoke: Falmer Press, pp. 157-82.
52. Klayman, J. (1985) Children's decision strategies and their adaptation to task characteristics. Organization Behavior and Human Decision Processes 35:179-201.
53. Matthews, M.H. (1987) Gender, home range and environmental cognition. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 12:32-56.
54. Matthews, M.H. (1992) Making Sense of Place: Children's Understandings of Large-Scale Environments. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf..
55. Mayall, B. (Ed.) (1994) Children's Childhoods Observed and Experienced. Basingstoke: Falmer Press.
56. Mitchell, D. (1996) "Aesthetics, anti-homelessness laws and the making of a brutal public sphere." Paper presented at the Association of American Geographers Annual Conference, Charlotte, April 13. Available from the author: Dept. of Geography, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado.
57. Moore G.T. (1976) Theory and research on the development of environmental knowing. In G.T. Moore and R.G. Golledge (Eds.) Environmental Knowing. Stroudsberg: Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross pp. 83-107.
58. Moore, R. (1986) Childhood's Domain: Play and Place Development. London: Croom Helm.
59. Newson, J. and E. Newson (1976) Seven Years Old in the Home Environment. London: Allen Unwin.
60. Parkinson, C. (1987) Children's Range Behavior. Birmingham: Playboard.
61. Perez, C. and R. Hart (1980) Beyond playgrounds: planning for children's access to the environment. In P. Wilkinson (Ed.) Innovations in Play Environments. London: Croom Helm.
62. Perloff, L. (1983) Perceptions of vulnerability to victimisation. Journal of Social Issues 39:41-61.
63. Philo, C. (1992) Neglected rural geographies: a review. Journal of Rural Studies 8:193-207.
64. Piaget, J. (1952) The Origins of Intelligence in Children. Trans. Marjorie Worden. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World Inc.
65. Piaget, J. (1971) Structuralism. Trans. Chaninah Maschler. New York: Basic Books.
66. Prout, A. and A. James (1990) A New paradigm for the sociology of childhood? Provenance, promise and problems. In A. James and A. Prout (Eds.) Constructing and Reconstructing Childhood: Contemporary Issues in the Sociological Study of Childhood. Basingstoke: Falmer Press, pp. 7-34.
67. Quadrel, M.J., B. Fischhoff and W. Davis (1993) Adolescent (in)vulnerability. American Psychologist 48:102-16.
68. Qvortrup, J. (1994) Childhood matters: an introduction. In J. Qvortrup, M. Bardy, G. Sgritta, and H. Wintersberger (Eds.) Childhood Matters: Social Theory, Practices and Politics. Aldershot: Avebury Press pp. 1-24.
69. Roberts, H., S. Smith and M. Lloyd (1992) Safety as a social value: a community approach. In S. Scott, G. Williams, S. Platt and H. Thomas (Eds.) Private Risks and Public Dangers. Aldershot: Avebury Press pp. 184-200.
70. Rosenbaum M. and Newell P. (1991) Taking Children Seriously: A Proposal for a Children's Rights Commissioner. London: Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation.
71. Seamon, D. (1979) A Geography of the Lifeworld. London: Croom Helm.
72. Sell, J. (1985) Territoriality and children's experience of neighborhoods. Children's Environments Quarterly 2:41-8.
73. Sibley, D. (1995) Families and domestic routines: constructing the boundaries of childhood. In S. Pile and N. Thrift (Eds.) Mapping the Subject. London: Routledge, pp. 123-42.
74. Solberg, A. (1990) Negotiating childhood: changing constructions of age for Norwegian children. In A. James and A. Prout (Eds.) Constructing and Reconstructing Childhood: Contemporary Issues in the Sociological Study of Childhood. Basingstoke: Falmer Press, pp. 118-37.
75. Sommerville, J. (1982) The Rise and Fall of Childhood. New York: Sage.
76. Spencer, C., M. Blades and K. Morsley (1989) The Child in the Physical Environment: The Development of Spatial Knowledge and Cognition. Chichester: John Wiley.
77. Stacey, J. (1990) Brave New Families: Stories of Domestic Upheaval in the Late Twentieth Century America. New York: Basic Books.
78. Stainton Rogers, R. and W. Stainton Rogers (1992) Stories of Childhood: Shifting Agendas of Childhood. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
79. Steedman, C. (1990) Childhood, Culture and Class in Britain. London: Virago.
80. Thorne, B. (1987) Re-visioning women and social change: where are the children? Gender and Society 1:85-109.
81. Tindal, M. (1971) "The home range of black elementary school children: An exploratory study in the measurement and comparison of home range." Worcester MA: Graduate School of Geography, Clark University: Place Perception Report No. 8.
82. Thompson L. and A. Walker (1989) Gender in families: women and men in marriage, work and parenthood. Journal of Marriage and the Family 56:341-55.
83. Toon, I. and T. Qureshi (1995) "The contestation over residential and urban space in the Isle of Dogs." Paper presented at the British Sociological Association Annual Conference, University of Leicester, April.
84. Valentine, G. (1995) Geographies of danger: space, place and parents' fears for children's safety. Paper available from the author.
85. Valentine, G. (1996a) Angels and Devils: moral landscapes of childhood. Environment & Planning D: Society & Space 14:581-99.
86. Valentine, G. (1996 b) Children should be seen and not heard?: the production and transgression of adults' public space. Urban Geography 17:173-88.
87. Valentine, G. (1997) 'My son's a bit dizzy'. 'My wife's a bit soft'. Gender, children and cultures of parenting. Gender, Place and Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography 4 (in press).
88. Valentine, G. and McKendrick, J. (1996) "Children's outdoor play: exploring public concerns." Paper available from the author. Dept of Geography, University of Sheffield, Winter Street, Sheffield.
89. Waksler, F.C. (1986) Studying children: phenomenological insights. Human Studies 8:171-82.
90. Walkerdine, V. (1984) The Mastery of Reason. London: Routledge.
91. Ward, C. (1977) The Child in the City. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
92. Ward, C. (1990) The Child in the Country. London: Bedford Square Press.
93. Watt P. and Stenson K. (forthcoming) Going out and about: youth and space in a southern English town. In T. Skelton and G. Valentine (Eds.) Geographies of Youth Cultures. London: Routledge.
94. Webster, C. (1995a) Youth crime, victimization and racial harassment: the Keighley crime survey. Available from: Centre for Research in Applied Community Studies, Bradford & Ilkley Community College.
95. Webster, C. (1995b) "Local heroes: youth crime, victimization and racial harassment." Paper presented at the British Criminology Conference, University of Loughborough, July.
96. Westwood, S. (1990) Racism, black masculinity and the politics of space. In J. Hearn and D. Morgan (Eds.) Men, Masculinities and Social Theory. London: Unwin Hyman, pp. 55-71.
97. Willis, P. (1977) Learning to Labour: How Working Class Kids Get Working Class Jobs. London: Gower.
98. Woods, D. (1985) Nothing doing. Children's Environments Quarterly 7:2-14.
99. Wyness M. (1994) Keeping tabs on an uncivil society: positive parental control. Sociology 28:193-209.
100. Zill, N. (1983) Summary of Preliminary Results: National Survey of Children. New York: Foundation for Child Development.