Response to and efficacy of vaccination against eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in emus

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

Volumn 218, Issue 9, 2001, Pages 1469-1473

  Tengelsen, Leslie A ^a,c   Bowen, Richard A ^b   Royals, Michael A ^b   Campbell, Grant L ^a   Komar, Nicholas ^a   Craven, Robert B ^a  

^a NATL CENTER FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES   (United States)

^b Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences   (United States)

^c Idaho Department of Health and Welfare   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EQUILOID; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; TRIPLE E; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VIRUS VACCINE; WESTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS VACCINE;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANTIBODY RESPONSE; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG EFFICACY; EMU; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; NONHUMAN; VACCINATION; WESTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS ALPHAVIRUS;

ALPHAVIRUS; ANIMALIA; AVES; DROMAIIDAE; DROMAIUS NOVAEHOLLANDIAE; EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS; EQUIDAE; WEE VIRUS; WESTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS;

EID: 0035339269     PISSN: 00031488     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2460/javma.2001.218.1469     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Johnston RE, Peters CJ. Alphaviruses. In: Fields BN, Knipe DM, Howley PM, eds. Fields' virology. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers, 1996;843-898.
2. Morris CD. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis. In: Monath TP, ed. The arboviruses: epidemiology and ecology. Vol III. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press Inc, 1988;1-20.
3. Calisher CH. Medically important arboviruses of the United States and Canada. Clin Microbiol Rev 1994;7:89-116.
4. Gibbs EPJ. Equine viral encephalitis. Equine Vet J 1976;8:66-71.
5. Gibbs EPJ, Tsai TF. Eastern encephalitis. In: Beran GW, Steele JH, eds. Handbook of zoonoses. Section B: viral. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press Inc, 1994;17-18.
6. Reisen WK, Monath TP. Western equine encephalomyelitis. In: Monath TP, ed. The arboviruses: epidemiology and ecology. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press Inc, 1989;89-137.
7. Tully TN, Shane SM, Poston RP, et al. Eastern equine encephalitis in a flock of emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae). Avian Dis 1992;36:808-812.
8. Veazey RS, Vice CC, Cho DY, et al. Pathology of eastern equine encephalitis in emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae). Vet Pathol 1994;31:109-111.
9. Brown TP, Roberts W, Page RK. Acute hemorrhagic enterocolitis in ratites: isolation of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus and reproduction of the disease in ostriches and turkey poults. Avian Dis 1993;57:602-605.
10. Schwede GJ. Western encephalitis in emus: symptoms and vaccine protocol, in Proceedings. Assoc Avian Vet 1993;299-300.
11. Ayers JR, Lester TL, Angulo AB. An epizootic attributable to western equine encephalitis virus infection in emus in Texas. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1994;205:600-601.
12. Randolf KD, Vanhooser SL, Hoffman M. Western equine encephalomyelitis virus in emus in Oklahoma. J Vet Diagn Invest 1994;6:492-493.
13. Day JF, Stark LM. Eastern equine encephalitis transmission to emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) in Volusia County, Florida: 1992 through 1994. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 1996;12:429-436.
14. Roehrig JT. Immunogens of encephalitis viruses. Vet Microbiol 1993;37:273-284.
15. The American Association of Equine Practitioners' Vaccination Guidelines Subcommittee of the AVMA Council on Biologic and Therapeutic Agents. Guidelines for vaccination of horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1995;207:426-431.
16. Tully TN, Shane SM. Multivalent equine encephalomyelitis vaccine to protect emus (Dromaius novahollandiae), in Proceedings. Assoc Avian Vet 1993;297-299.
17. Lindsey HS, Calisher CH, Mathews JH. Serum dilution neutralization test for California group virus identification and serology. J Clin Microbiol 1976;4:503-510.
18. Chappell WA, Sasso DR, Toole RF, et al. Labile serum factor and its effect on arbovirus neutralization. Appl Environ Microbiol 1971;21:79-83.
19. Ford CR. US emu population census and growth projection study. Dallas: The Center for Statistical Consulting and Research, Department of Statistical Science at Southern Methodist University, 1994.
20. Mitchell CJ, McLean RG, Nasci RS, et al. Susceptibility parameters of Aedes albopictus to per oral infection with eastern equine encephalitis virus. J Med Entomol 1993;30:233-235.
21. Komar N, Dohm DJ, Turell MJ, et al. Eastern equine encephalitis in birds: relative competence of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). Am J Trap Med Hyg 1999;60:387-391.
22. Satriano SF, Luginbuhl RE, Wallis RC, et al. Investigation of eastern equine encephalomyelitis IV. Susceptibility and transmission studies with virus of pheasant origin. Am J Hyg 1957;67:21-34.
23. Olsen GH, Turell MJ, Pagac BB. Efficacy of eastern equine encephalitis immunization in Whooping Cranes. J Wildl Dis 1997;33:312-315.