Low loss and high extinction ratio strictly nonblocking 16 × 16 thermooptic matrix switch on 6-in wafer using silica-based planar lightwave circuit technology

Journal of Lightwave Technology

Volumn 19, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 371-379

  Goh, Takashi ^c   Yasu, Mitsuho ^c   Hattori, Kuninori ^a,c,d   Himeno, Akira ^b,c   Okuno, Masayuki ^a,c   Ohmori, Yasuji ^a,c  

^a IEEE

^b OSA ^*

^c NTT CORPORATION   (Japan)

^d NTT Corporation   (Japan)

Author keywords

Mach Zehnder interferometer (MZI); Matrix switches; Optical cross connects; Optical switches; Phase error; Phase trimming; Planar lightwave circuits (PLCs); Silica based waveguides; Thermooptic switches; Waveguide switches

Indexed keywords

PLANAR LIGHTWAVE CIRCUITS (PLC);

FIBER LASERS; INSERTION LOSSES; INTERFEROMETERS; LIGHT EXTINCTION; LIGHT POLARIZATION; OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES; WSI CIRCUITS;

OPTICAL SWITCHES;

EID: 0035269396     PISSN: 07338724     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/50.918890     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. K. Sato, "Photonic transport network OAM technologies," IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 86-94, Dec. 1996.
2. A. Himeno, R. Nagase, T. Ito, K. Kato, and M. Okuno, "Photonic intermodule connector using 8 x 8 optical switches for near-future electronic switching systems," IEICE Trans. Commun., vol. E77-B, no. 2, pp. 155-162, Feb. 1994.
3. K. Okamoto, M. Okuno, A. Himeno, and Y. Ohmori, "16-channel optical add/drop multiplexer consisting of arrayed-waveguide gratings and double-gate switches," Electron. Lett., vol. 32, no. 16, pp. 1471-1472, Aug. 1996.
4. M. Makihara, M. Sato, F. Shimokawa, and Y. Nishida, "Micromechanical optical switches based on thermocapillary integrated in waveguide substrate," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 14-18, Jan. 1999.
5. L. Y. Lin, E. L. Goldstein, and R. W. Tkach, "Free-space micromachined optical switches for networking," IEEE J. Select Topics Quantum Electron., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 4-9, Jan./Feb. 1999.
6. A. Borreman, T. Hoekstra, M. Diemeer, H. Hoekstra, and P. Lambeck, "Polymeric 8 x 8 digital optical switch matrix," in Proc. ECOC'96, vol. 5, Oslo, Norway, Sept. 1996, paper ThD. 3.2, pp. 59-62.
7. G. A. Fish, B. Mason, L. A. Coldren, and S. P. DenBaars, "Compact, 4 x 4 InGaAsP-InP optical crossconnect with a scalable architecture," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 1256-1258, Sept. 1998.
8. T. Kato, J. Sasaki, T. Shimoda, H. Hatakeyama, T. Tamamuki, M. Yamaguchi, M. Kitamura, and M. Itoh, "10 Gb/s photonic cell switching with hybrid 4 x 4 optical matrix switch module on silica based planar waveguide platform," in Tech. Dig. OFC'98, San Jose, CA, Feb. 1998, paper PD3.
9. 3 matrix optical switches," in Tech. Dig. OECC'98, Makuhari Messe, Japan, July 1998, paper 13C2-1, pp. 60-61.
10. M. Haruna and J. Koyama, "Thermo-optic waveguide interferometric modulator/switch in glass," Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng., pt. H, vol. 131, no. 5, pp. 322-324, Oct. 1984.
11. R. Nagase, A. Himeno, M. Okuno, K. Kato, K. Yukimatsu, and M. Kawachi, "Silica-based 8 x 8 optical matrix switch module with hybrid integrated driving circuits and its system application," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 12, no. 9, pp. 1631-1639, Sept. 1994.
12. M. Kawachi, "Recent progress in silica-based planar lightwave circuits on silicon," IEE Proc.-Optoelectron., vol. 143, no. 5, pp. 257-262, Oct. 1996.
13. A. Himeno, T. Goh, M. Okuno, H. Takahashi, and K. Hattori, "Silica-based low loss and high extinction ratio 8 x 8 thermooptic matrix switch with path-independent loss arrangement using double Mach-Zehnder interferometer switching units," in Proc. ECOC'96, vol. 4, Oslo, Norway, Sept. 1996, paper ThD.2.2, pp. 149-152.
14. T. Goh, A. Himeno, M. Okuno, H. Takahashi, and K. Hattori, "High-extinction ratio and low-loss silica-based 8 x 8 strictly nonblocking thermooptic matrix switch," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 1192-1199, July 1999.
15. M. Okuno, K. Katoh, S. Suzuki, Y. Ohmori, and A. Himeno, "Strictly nonblocking 16 x 16 matrix switch using silica-based planar lightwave circuits," in Proc. ECOC'94, vol. 4, Firenze, Italy, Sept. 1994, paper PD, pp. 83-86.
16. T. Goh, M. Yasu, K. Hattori, A. Himeno, and Y. Ohmori, "Low loss and high extinction ratio 16 x 16 thermooptic matrix switch using silica-based planar lightwave circuit technology," in Proc. 3rd APCC'97, vol. 1, Sydney, Australia, Dec. 1997, paper MoJ, pp. 232-236.
17. T. Goh, M. Yasu, K. Hattori, A. Himeno, M. Okuno, and Y. Ohmori, "Low-loss and high-extinction-ratio silica-based strictly nonblocking 16 x 16 thermooptic matrix switch," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 810-812, June 1998.
18. 2 waveguides with a high refractive index difference," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 790-796, May 1994.
19. Y. Hibino, H. Okazaki, Y. Hida, and Y. Ohmori, "Propagation loss characteristics of long silica-based optical waveguides on 5 inch Si wafers," Electron. Lett., vol. 29, no. 21, pp. 1847-1843, Oct. 1993.
20. A. Himeno, M. Okuno, Y. Ohmori, and M. Kawachi, "High-extinction ratio 8 x 8 thermooptic matrix switch using silica-based planar lightwave circuits," in Tech. Dig. Topical Meeting Photonics in Switching, vol. 1, Sendai, Japan, Apr. 1996, paper PThB3, pp. 177-178.
21. T. Shimoe, K. Hajikano, and K. Murakami, "A path-independent-insertion-loss optical space switching network," in Tech. Dig. ISS'87, vol. 4, 1987, paper C12.2, pp. 999-1003.
22. M. Kawachi, "Silica waveguides on silicon and their application to integrated-optic components," Opt. Quantum Electron., vol. 22, pp. 391-416, 1992.
23. M. Okuno, K. Kato, R. Nagase, A. Himeno, Y. Ohmori, and M. Kawachi, "Silica-based 8 x 8 optical matrix switch integrating new switching unit with large fabrication tolerance," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 771-781, May 1999.
24. K. Moriwaki, M. Abe, Y. Inoue, M. Okuno, and Y. Ohmori, "New silica-based 8 x 8 thermo-optic matrix switch on Si that requires no bias power," in Tech. Dig. OFC'95, San Diego, CA, Mar. 1995, paper WS1, pp. 211-212.
25. M. Abe, Y. Inoue, K. Moriwaki, M. Okuno, and Y. Ohmori, "Optical path length trimming technique using thin film heaters for silica-based waveguides on Si," Electron. Lett., vol. 32, no. 19, pp. 1818-1819, Sept. 1996.
26. K. Takada, A. Himeno, K. Kato, and M. Okuno, "Development of fiber-optic depolarizer and its application to measurement systems for polarization-insensitive operation of silica-waveguide matrix switches," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 12, no. 9, pp. 1640-1647, Sept. 1994.
27. R. Kasahara, M. Yanagisawa, A. Sugita, T. Goh, M. Yasu, A. Himeno, and S. Matsui, "Low-power consumption silica-based 2 times 2 thermooptic switch using trenched silicon substrate," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 11, no. 9, pp. 1132-1134, Sept. 1999.