Carboxypeptidases from A to Z: Implications in embryonic development and Wnt binding

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences

Volumn 58, Issue 12-13, 2001, Pages 1790-1804

  Reznik, S E ^a   Fricker, L D ^a  

^a ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Carboxypeptidase Z; Extracellular matrix; Frizzle related proteins; Frizzled receptor; Metallocarboxypeptidase; Wnt.

Indexed keywords

ARGININE CARBOXYPEPTIDASE; CARBOXYPEPTIDASE; CARBOXYPEPTIDASE A; CARBOXYPEPTIDASE B; CARBOXYPEPTIDASE D; CARBOXYPEPTIDASE H; CARBOXYPEPTIDASE M; CARBOXYPEPTIDASE Z; PROTEIN ACLP; PROTEIN CPX 1; PROTEIN CPX 2; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; WNT PROTEIN;

CARBOXY TERMINAL SEQUENCE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME BINDING; ENZYME LOCALIZATION; ENZYME SPECIFICITY; ENZYME SUBSTRATE; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; GENETIC CODE; HUMAN; MULTIGENE FAMILY; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REVIEW; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 0035200832     PISSN: 1420682X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/PL00000819     Document Type: Review

References (109)

1. Carboxypeptidase A3 (CPA3): A novel gene highly induced by histone deacetylase inhibitors during differentiation of prostate epithelial cancer cells
2. Carboxypeptidase A
3. Carboxypeptidase A2
4. Carboxypeptidase U
5. Mast cell carboxypeptidase
6. Carboxypeptidase B
7. The severed activation segment of porcine pancreatic procarboxypeptidase A is a powerful inhibitor of the active enzyme
8. Carboxypeptidase E/H
9. Metallocarboxypeptidase D
10. Lysine carboxypeptidase
11. Carboxypeptidase M
12. Crystal L.D., Coll structure of avian carboxypeptidase D domain II: A prototype for the regulatory metallocarboxypeptidase subfamily
13. The crystal structure of the inhibitor-complexed carboxypeptidase D domain II as a basis for the modelling of regulatory carboxypeptidases
14. Carboxypeptidase B
15. A novel rat carboxypeptidase, CPA2: Characterization, molecular cloning and evolutionary implications on substrate specificity in the carboxypeptidase gene family
16. Carboxypeptidase E
17. Enkephalin convertase: Purification and characterization of a specific enkephalin-synthesizing carboxypeptidase localized to adrenal chromaffin granules
18. Proteolytic processing in the secretory pathway
19. Regulation of carboxypeptidase E: Effect of pH, temperature and Co++ on kinetic parameters of substrate hydrolysis
20. C-terminal processing of neuropeptides: Involvement of carboxypeptidase H
21. Gene expression of prohormone and proprotein convertases in the rat CNS: A comparative in situ hybridization analysis
22. The developmental expression in rat of proteases furin, PC1, PC2 and carboxypeptidase E: Implications for early maturation of proteolytic processing capacity
23. Purification and characterization of a membrane-bound enkephalin-forming carboxypeptidase, 'enkephalin convertase'
24. Identification of the pH-dependent membrane anchor of carboxypeptidase E (EC 3.4.17.10)
25. Two soluble forms of bovine carboxypeptidase H have different NH2-terminal sequences
26. Hyperproinsulinemia in obese fat/fat mice associated with a point mutation in the carboxypeptidase E gene and reduced carboxypeptidase E activity in the pancreatic islets
27. Carboxypeptidase E activity is deficient in mice with the fat mutation: Effect on peptide processing
28. Impaired processing of brain proneurotensin and promelanin-concentrating hormone in obese fat/fat mice
29. Effect of carboxypeptidase E deficiency on progastrin processing and gastrin mRNA expression in mice with the fat mutation
30. fat mice: A regional difference in the involvement of carboxypeptidase E (Cpe) in pro-CCK processing
31. gp180, a host cell glycoprotein that binds duck hepatitis B virus particles, is encoded by a member of the carboxypeptidase gene family
32. Purification and characterization of carboxypeptidase D, a novel carboxypeptidase E-like enzyme, from bovine pituitary
33. The silver gene of Drosophila melanogaster encodes multiple carboxypeptidases similar to mammalian prohormone-processing enzymes
34. Sequence of human carboxypeptidase D reveals it to be a member of the regulatory carboxypeptidase family with three tandem active site domains
35. Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA encoding rat carboxypeptidase D
36. Cloning, functional expression and chromosomal localization of the human and mouse gp180-carboxypeptidase D-like enzyme
37. Cloning and expression of Aplysia carboxypeptidase D, a candidate prohormone processing enzyme
38. gp180, a protein that binds duck hepatitis B virus particles, has metallocarboxypeptidase D-like enzymatic activity
39. Characterization of the enzymatic properties of the first and second domains of metallocarboxypeptidase D
40. Gamma-D-glutamyl-(L)-mesodiamin-opimelate peptidase I
41. The diversity and evolutionary relationships of the pregnancy-associated glycoproteins, an aspartic proteinase subfamily consisting of many trophoblast-expressed genes
42. Intracellular trafficking of metallocarboxypeptidase D in AtT-20 cells: Localization to the trans-Golgi network and recycling from the cell surface
43. Localization of metallocarboxypeptidase D in AtT-20 cells: Potential role in prohormone processing
44. Furin: A mammalian subtilisin/Kex2p-like endoprotease involved in processing of a wide variety of precursor proteins
45. Identification of mouse CPX-1, a novel member of the metallocarboxypeptidase gene family with highest similarity to CPX-2
46. Identification of mouse CPX-2, a novel member of the metallocarboxypeptidase gene family: cDNA cloning, mRNA distribution, and protein expression and characterization
47. A eukaryotic transcriptional repressor with carboxypeptidase activity
48. Enzymic characterization of a novel member of the regulatory B-like carboxypeptidase with transcriptional repression function: Stimulation of enzymic activity by its target DNA
49. Cloning and expression of human carboxypeptidase Z, a novel metallocarboxypeptidase
50. Refined crystal structure of carboxypeptidase A at 1.54 Å resolution
51. Site-directed mutagenesis shows that tyrosine 248 of carboxypeptidase A does not play a crucial role in catalysis
52. 300 of rat carboxypeptidase E is essential for enzymatic activity but not substrate binding or routing to the regulated secretory pathway
53. Cloning, sequence analysis, and distribution of rat metallocarboxypeptidase Z
54. Carboxypeptidase Z is present in the regulated secretory pathway and extracellular matrix in cultured cells and in human tissues
55. Frzb-1 is a secreted antagonist of Wnt signaling expressed in the Spemann organizer
56. Sizzled: A secreted Xwnt8 antagonist expressed in the ventral marginal zone of Xenopus embryos
57. Fritz: A secreted frizzled-related protein that inhibits Wnt activity
58. Developmental expression patterns of mouse sFRP genes encoding members of the secreted frizzled related protein family
59. Intracellular trafficking and activation of the furin proprotein convertase: Localization to the TGN and recycling from the cell surface
60. Carboxypeptidase Z, a frizzle domain containing protein, is dynamically expressed in mouse development
61. Two proto-oncogenes implicated in mammary carcinogenesis, int-1 and int-2, are independently regulated during mouse development
62. Expression of the proto-oncogene int-1 is restricted to specific neural cells in the developing mouse embryo
63. Nucleotide sequence, chromosomal localization and developmental expression of the mouse int-1-related gene
64. Wnt-3, a gene activated by proviral insertion in mouse mammary tumors, is homologous to int-1/Wnt-1 and is normally expressed in mouse embryos and adult brain
65. Expression of multiple novel Wnt-1/int-1-related genes during fetal and adult mouse development
66. WNT signaling in the control of hair growth and structure
67. Purification and characterization of human metallocarboxypeptidase Z
68. By-product analogues for bovine carboxypeptidase B
69. Enkephalin convertase: Potent, selective, and irreversible inhibitors
70. Many tumors induced by the mouse mammary tumor virus contain a provirus integrated in the same region of the host genome
71. Structure and nucleotide sequence of the putative mammary oncogene int-1; proviral insertions leave the protein-encoding domain intact
72. Phenocopies induced with antisense RNA identify the wingless gene
73. The Drosophila homolog of the mouse mammary oncogene int-1 is identical to the segment polarity gene wingless
74. Signaling through betacatenin and Lef/Tcf
75. Differential transformation of mammary epithelial cells by Wnt genes
76. The Wnt-1 (int-1) proto-oncogene is required for development of a large region of the mouse brain
77. Injected Wnt RNA induces a complete body axis in Xenopus embryos
78. Evidence for a mitogenic effect of Wnt-1 in the developing mammalian central nervous system
79. Wnt-4 is a mesenchymal signal for epithelial transformation of metanephric mesenchyme in the developing kidney
80. Dorsalizing signal Wnt-7a required for normal polarity of D-V and A-P axes of mouse limb
81. Interaction between the signaling molecules WNT7a and SHH during vertebrate limb development: Dorsal signals regulate anteroposterior patterning
82. Epithelial transformation of metanephric mesenchyme in the developing kidney regulated by Wnt-4
83. Nuclear endpoint of Wnt signaling: Neoplastic transformation induced by transactivating lymphoid-enhancing factor 1
84. Differential transformation of mammary epithelial cells by Wnt genes
85. Beta-catenin as oncogene: The smoking gun
86. The dishevelled protein is modified by wingless signaling in Drosophila
87. Interaction of Wnt and a Frizzled homologue triggers G-protein-linked phosphatidylinositol signalling
88. A new member of the frizzled family from Drosophila functions as a Wingless receptor
89. The genetic control of tissue polarity in Drosophila
90. Frizzled regulates mirror-symmetric pattern formation in the Drosophila eye
91. Primary structure and tissue distribution of FRZB, a novel protein related to Drosophila frizzled, suggest a role in skeletal morphogenesis
92. Establishment of the dorso-ventral axis in Xenopus embryos is presaged by early asymmetries in beta-catenin that are modulated by the Wnt signaling pathway
93. Interactions between Xwnt-8 and Spemann organizer signaling pathways generate dorsoventral pattern in the embryonic mesoderm of Xenopus
94. Frzb, a secreted protein expressed in the Spemann organizer, binds and inhibits Wnt-8
95. Cell-cell signaling: Wingless lands at last
96. Structurally related receptors and antagonists compete for secreted Wnt ligands
97. A family of secreted proteins contains homology to the cysteine-rich ligand-binding domain of frizzled receptors
98. Radiation hybrid mapping: A somatic cell genetic method for constructing high-resolution maps of mammalian chromosomes
99. Sequence and chromosomal assignment of human BAPX1, a bagpipe-related gene, to 4p16.1: A candidate gene for skeletal dysplasia
100. Molecular cloning, chromosomal mapping and developmental expression of BAPX1, a novel human homeobox-containing gene homologous to Drosophila bagpipe
101. Identification and genetic mapping of a homeobox gene to the 4p16.1 region of human chromosome 4
102. Localization of craniosynostosis Adelaide type to 4p16
103. The gene for the Ellis-van Creveld syndrome is located on chromosome 4p16
104. Autosomal dominant postaxial polydactyly, nail dystrophy and dental abnormalities map to chromosome 4p16, in the region containing the Ellisvan Creveld syndrome locus
105. The gene for achondroplasia maps to the telomeric region of chromosome 4p
106. A gene for achondroplasia-hypochondroplasia maps to chromosome 4p
107. Wolf-Hirschhorn and Pitt-Rogers-Danks syndromes caused by overlapping 4p deletions
108. Clinical manifestations of trisomy 4p syndrome
109. Allelic loss of the short arm of chromosome 4 in neuroblastoma suggests a novel tumour suppressor gene locus