The HPA axis in cocaine use: Implications for pharmacotherapy

Journal of Addictive Diseases

Volumn 20, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 105-119

  Winhusen, Theresa ^a,b   Somoza, Eugene ^a,b  

^a Cincinnati Addiction Research Center   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Cocaine; HPA axis; Review; Treatment

Indexed keywords

KETOCONAZOLE; METYRAPONE;

ASSOCIATION; COCAINE DEPENDENCE; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; HYPOTHALAMUS HYPOPHYSIS ADRENAL SYSTEM; REINFORCEMENT; RELAPSE; REVIEW; SENSITIZATION; STRESS;

ANIMALS; BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL; COCAINE-RELATED DISORDERS; HYPOTHALAMO-HYPOPHYSEAL SYSTEM; PITUITARY-ADRENAL SYSTEM; RATS; REINFORCEMENT (PSYCHOLOGY); SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS;

EID: 0035187202     PISSN: 10550887     EISSN: 15450848     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1300/J069v20n03_09     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. SAMHSA/OAS. Preliminary Results from the 1997 National Household Survey onDrug Abuse. National Household Survey on Drug Abuse Series: H-6,1998: 17.
2. SAMSHA/OAS. Mid-Year 1997 Preliminary Emergency Department Data from the Drug Abuse Warning Network. Drug Abuse Warning Network Series D-5. 1998: 31.
3. DAWN-AME. Data from the Drug Abuse Warning Network-Annual Medical Examiner Data-1993. Department of Health andHuman Services Publication (SMA). 1995: 94-2080.
4. Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP). Pulse Check: National trends in drug abuse. URL http://www.health.org/pulse98/index.htm, 1997.
5. Tai B, Grudzinskas C, Chiang N, Bridge P. In: Medication development for the treatment of cocaine dependence: Issues in clinical efficacy trials, NIDA Research Monograph 175, NIH Publication No. 98-4125, 1997: 1.
6. Ludwig AM, Wikler A. “Craving” and relapse to drink. Q. J. Stud Alcohol 1974; 35: 108-130.
7. Shiffman S, Wills TA. Coping and substance abuse. Orlando: Academic, 1985.
8. Wallace BC. Psychological and environmental determinants of relapse in crack cocaine smokers. J Subst Abuse Treat. 1989; 6: 95-106.
9. McKay JR, Rutherford MJ, Alterman AI, et al. An examination of the cocaine relapse process. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1995; 38: 35-43.
10. Shaham Y, Stewart J. Stress reinstates heroin self-administration behavior in drug-free animals: an effect mimicking heroin, not withdrawal. Psychopharmacol. 1995; 119: 334-341.
11. Goeders NE, Guerin GF. Non-contingent electric footshock facilitates the acquisition of intravenous cocaine self-administration in rats. Psychopharmacol. 1994; 114: 63-70.
12. Erb S, Shaham Y, Stewart J. Stress reinstates cocaine-seeking behavior after prolonged extinction and drug-free period. Psychopharmacol. 1996; 128: 408-412.
13. Higley JD, Hasert MF, Suomi SJ, Linnoila M. Nonhuman primate model of alcohol abuse: Effects of early experience, personality, and stress on alcohol consumption. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1991; 88: 7261-7265.
14. Fischman MW, Foltin RW. Self-administration of cocaine for humans: a laboratory perspective. In: Fischman, MW, Foltin, RW, eds. Cocaine: scientific and social dimensions. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1992: 165-180.
15. Goeders NE, Guerin GF. Effects of surgical and pharmacological adrenalectomy on the initiation and maintenance of intravenous cocaine self-administration in rats. Brain Research 1996; 722: 145-152.
16. Robinson TE. Persistent sensitizing effect of drugs on brain dopamine systems and behavior: implications for addiction and relapse. In: Korenman, SG, Barchas, JD, eds. Biological basis of substance abuse. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993: 373-402.
17. Sorg BA, Kalivas, PW. Stress and Neuronal Sensitization. In: Friedman, MJ, Charney, DS, Deutch, AY, eds. Neurobiological and clinical consequences of stress: from normal adaptation to post-traumatic stress disorder. Pennsylvania: Lippincott- Raven Publishers, 1995: 83-102.
18. Rivet JM, Stinus L, LeMoal M, Mormede P. Behavioral sensitization to amphetamine is dependent on corticosteroid receptor activation. Brain Research 1989; 498: 149-153.
19. Dunn AJ, Berridge CW. Corticotropin-releasing factor administration elicits a stress-like activation ofcerebral catecholaminergic systems. Pharmacol Biochem Beh. 1987; 27: 685-691.
20. Mendelson JH, Teoh SK, Mello NK, et al. Acute effects of cocaine on plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone, luteinizing hormone and prolactin levels in cocaine-dependent men. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1992; 263: 505-509.
21. Baumann MH, Gendron TM, Becketts KM, et al. Effects of intravenous cocaine on plasma cortisol and prolactin in human cocaine abusers. Biol Psychiatry. 1995; 38: 751-755.
22. Moldow RL, Fischman AJ. Cocaine induced secretion of ACTH, beta-endor- phin, and corticosterone. Peptides 1987; 8: 819-822.
23. Piazza PV, Deroche V, Deminiere JM, et al. Corticosterone in the range of stress-induced levels possesses reinforcing properties: implications for sensation- seeking behaviors. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 1993; 90: 11738-11742.
24. Dixon RB, Christy NP. On the various forms of corticosteroid withdrawal syndrome. Am J Med. 1980; 68: 224-230.
25. Yokel RA, Wise RA. Increased lever pressing for amphetamine after pimozide in rats: implication for a dopamine theory of reward. Science 1975; 187: 547-549.
26. Foltin RW, Fischman MW. Self-administration of cocaine by humans: choice between smoked and intravenous cocaine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1992; 261 (3): 841-9.
27. Deroche V, Marinelli M, Le Moal M, Piazza PV. Glucocorticoids and Behavioral effects of psychostimulants. II: Cocaine intravenous self-administration and reinstatement depend on glucocorticoid levels. J Pharmacol Exp Ther.1997;281: 1401-1407.
28. Bonate, PL, Swann A, and Silverman, PJB. Preliminary physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for cocaine in the rat: Model development and scale-up to humans. J Pharmaceutical Sciences. 1996; 85: 878-883.
29. Piazza PV, Marinelli M, Jodogne C, et al. Inhibition of corticosterone synthesis by Metyrapone decreases cocaine-induced locomotion and relapse of cocaine self-administration. Brain Research 1994; 658: 259-264.
30. Goeders NE, Guerin GF. Role of Corticosterone in intravenous cocaine self-administration in rats. Neuroendocrinology 1996; 64: 337-348.
31. Goeders NE, Peltier RL, Guerin GF. Ketoconazole reduces low dose cocaine self-administration in rats. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1998; 53: 67-77.
32. Mantsch JR, Sphier D, Goeders NE. Corticosterone facilitates the acquisition of cocaine self-administration in rats: Opposite effects of the type II glucocorticoid receptor agonist dexamethasone. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998; 287: 72-80.
33. Piazza PV, Deminiere JM, Le Moal M, Simon H. Factors that predict individual vulnerability to amphetamine self-administration. Science 1989; 245: 1511-1513.
34. Miczek KA, Mutscher NH. Activational effects of social stress on IV cocaine self-administration in rats. Psychopharmacol. 1996; 128: 256-264.
35. Boyle AE, Gill K, Smith BR, Amit, Z. Differential effects of an early housing manipulation on cocaine-induced activity and self-administration in laboratory rats. Pharmacol Biochem Beh. 1991; 39: 269-274.
36. Phillips GD, Howes SR, Whitelaw RB, et al. Isolation rearing enhances the locomotor response to cocaine and a novel environment, but impairs the intravenous self-administration of cocaine. Psychopharmacol. 1994; 115: 407-418.
37. Ramsey NF, Van Ree JM. Emotional but not physical stress enhances intravenous cocaine self-administration in drug-naive rats. Brain Research-1993; 608: 216-222.
38. Haney M, Maccari S, Le Moal M, et al. Social stress increases the acquisition of cocaine self-administration in male and female rats. Brain Research 1995; 698: 46-52.
39. Schenk S, Lacelle G, Gorman K, Amit Z. Cocaine self-administration in rats influenced by environmental conditions: implications for the etiology of drug abuse. Neuroscience Letters 1987; 81: 227-231.
40. Schenk S, Robinson B, Amit Z. Housing conditions fail to affect the intravenous self-administration of amphetamine. Pharmacol Biochem Beh. 1988; 31: 59-62.
41. Ward AS, Collins ED, Haney M, et al. Ketoconazole attenutates the cortisol response but not the subjective effects of smoked cocaine in humans. Beh Pharmacol. 1998; 9: 577-586.
42. Sinha R, Catapano D, O’Malley S. Stress-induced craving and stress response in cocaine dependent individuals. Psychopharmacol. 1999; 142: 343-351.
43. Ahmed SH, Koob GF. Cocaine- but not food-seeking behavior is reinstated by stress after extinction. Psychopharmacol. 1997; 132: 289-295.
44. Mantsch JR, Goeders NE. Ketoconazole blocks the stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior in rats: relationship to the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine. Psychopharmacol. 1999; 142: 399-407.
45. Mantsch JR, Goeders NE. Generalization of a restraint-induced discriminative stimulus to cocaine in rats. Psychopharmacol. 1998; 135: 423-426.
46. Ward AS, Haney M, Fischman MW, Foltin RW. Binge cocaine self-administration in humans: intravenous cocaine. Psychopharmacol. 1997; 132: 375-381.
47. Ward AS, Haney M, Fischman MW, Foltin RW. Binge cocaine self-administration by humans: smoked cocaine. Beh Pharmacol. 1997; 8: 736-744.
48. Childress AR, McLellan AT, O’Brien CP. Classically conditioned responses in cocaine and opiate dependence: A role in relapse? In: Ray, BA, ed. Learning Factors in Substance Abuse. National Institute of Drug Abuse Research Monograph 84. DHHS Pub. No. (ADM) 88-1576. Washington, DC: Supt. of Docs., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1988: 25-43.
49. Berger SP, Hall S, Mickalian J, et al. Haloperidol antagonism of cue-elicited cocaine craving. Lancet 1996; 347: 504-508.