Variability and asymmetry in the human precentral motor system: A cytoarchitectonic and myeloarchitectonic brain mapping study

Brain

Volumn 124, Issue 11, 2001, Pages 2232-2258

  Rademacher, J ^a,b,c   Burgel U ^c   Geyer, S ^c   Schormann, T ^c   Schleicher, A ^c   Freund, H J ^a   Zilles, K ^b,c  

^a Department of Neurology ^*  (Germany)

^b FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JÜLICH   (Germany)

^c HEINRICH HEINE UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Brain atlas; Human cerebral cortex; Image analysis; Motor cortex; Pyramidal tract

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BRAIN; BRAIN MAPPING; CYTOARCHITECTURE; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; IMAGE ANALYSIS; MALE; MORPHOLOGY; MORPHOMETRICS; MOTOR SYSTEM; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TOPOGRAPHY;

EID: 0035164449     PISSN: 00068950     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/brain/124.11.2232     Document Type: Article

References (131)

1. Preparation for movement: Neural representations of intended direction in three motor areas of the monkey
2. Asymmetry in the human motor cortex and handedness
3. Broca's region revisited: Cytoarchitecture and intersubject variability
4. Brodmann's areas 17 and 18 brought into stereotaxic space - Where and how variable?
5. Normal maturation of the neonatal and infant brain: MR imaging at 1.5 T
6. Unterschied zwischen links und rechts im cytoarchitektonischen Bau der vorderen Zentralwindung und die Frage der Linkshirnigkeit
7. Left-right differences in motor thresholds after stimulation of the globus pallidus before pallidotomy
8. Sex differences in the human corpus callosum: Myth or reality?
9. Beiträge zur histologischen Lokalisation der Grosshirnrinde. Erste Mitteilung: Die Regio Rolandica
10. Vergleichende Lokalisationslehre der Grosshirnrinde
11. Histological visualization of long fiber tracts in the white matter of adult human brains
12. Mapping of histologically identified long fiber tracts in human cerebral hemispheres to the MRI volume of a reference brain: Position and spatial variability of the optic radiation
13. Involvement of the ipsilateral motor cortex in finger movements of different complexities
14. Homuncular organization of human motor cortex as indicated by neuromagnetic recordings
15. Hemispheric asymmetries of cortico-cortical connections in human hand motor areas
16. Automatic 3D intersubject registration of MR volumetric data in standardized Talairach space
17. Manual dexterity: How does the cerebral cortex contribute?
18. Parallel pathways mediating manual dexterity in the macaque
19. Functional activation in motor cortex reflects the direction and the degree of handedness
20. The pyramidal tract
21. The origin of corticospinal projections from the premotor areas in the frontal lobe
22. Subcortical topography and proportions of the pyramidal tract
23. Operant conditioning of isolated activity in specific muscles and precentral cells
24. Motorische Felder und Bahnen
25. Hand preference and magnetic resonance imaging asymmetries of the central sulcus
26. Lesions of premotor cortex in man
27. Motor recovery following capsular stroke. Role of descending pathways from multiple motor areas
28. Human brain. Cytoarchitectonic left-right asymmetries in the temporal speech region
29. Planum temporale asymmetry, reappraisal since Geschwind and Levitsky
30. Multiple corticospinal neuron populations in the macaque monkey are specified by their unique cortical origins, spinal terminations, and connections
31. Manual dexterity and corticospinal connectivity following unilateral section of the cervical spinal cord in the macaque monkey
32. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of primary motor cortex affects mental rotation
33. The role of the human motor cortex in the control of complex and simple finger movement sequences
34. Cerebral lateralization. Biological mechanisms, associations, and pathology: I. A hypothesis and a program for research
35. Human brain: Left-right asymmetries in temporal speech region
36. Two different areas within the primary motor cortex of man
37. Areas 3a, 3b, and 1 of human primary somatosensory cortex. 1. Microstructural organization and interindividual variability
38. Areas 3a, 3b, and 1 of human primary somatosensory cortex. 2. Spatial normalization to standard anatomical space
39. Hand preference and age in the United States
40. Variation in form of the pyramidal tract and its relationship to digital dexterity
41. Merging of oculomotor and somatomotor space coding in the human right precentral gyrus
42. The contribution of the precentral gyrus to the pyramidal tract of man
43. Muscle and movement representations in the primary motor cortex
44. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the early evaluation of corticospinal tract injury to predict functional motor outcome in patients with deep intracerebral hemorrhage
45. The acquisition of skilled motor performance: Fast and slow experience-driven changes in primary motor cortex
46. Patterns of pyramidal decussation and their relationship to handedness
47. Computed tomographic localization of the precentral gyrus
48. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of motor cortex: Hemispheric asymmetry and handedness
49. Wallerian degeneration after cerebral infarction: Evaluation with sequential MR imaging
50. Anatomy of the descending pathways
51. Mapping of the central sulcus with functional MR: Active versus passive activation tasks
52. Human corticospinal excitability evaluated with transcranial magnetic stimulation during different reaction time paradigms
53. Normal variation in the frequency and location of human auditory cortex landmarks. Heschl's gyrus: Where is it?
54. Hemispheric threshold differences for motor evoked potentials produced by magnetic coil stimulation
55. Silver staining of cell bodies by means of physical development
56. Hemispheric specialization: Scope and limits
57. Brain structures related to active and passive finger movements in man
58. The course of efferent fibers from the human premotor cortex
59. Wallerian degeneration of the pyramidal tract does not affect stroke rehabilitation outcome
60. Reliability of transcranial magnetic stimulation for mapping the human motor cortex
61. Organization of corticospinal neurons in the monkey
62. The corticospinal tracts in man: Course and location of fibres at different segmental levels
63. Hemispheric asymmetry of transcallosal inhibition in man
64. Does the central sulcus divide motor and sensory functions? Cortical mapping of human hand areas as revealed by electrical stimulation through subdural grid electrodes
65. Neurophysiological correlates of hand preference in primary motor cortex of adult squirrel monkeys
66. Use-dependent alterations of movement representations in primary motor cortex of adult squirrel monkeys
67. Some comments On the pyramidal tract, with special reference to its individual variations in man
68. Hemispheric asymmetry of the auditory evoked N100m response in relation to the crossing point between the central sulcus and sylvian fissure
69. Somatic motor and sensory representation in the cerebral cortex of man as studied by electrical stimulation
70. Interhemispheric anatomical differences in human primary auditory cortex: Probabilistic mapping and volume measurement from magnetic resonance scans
71. Human cerebral cortex: Localization, parcellation, and morphometry with magnetic resonance imaging
72. Topographical variation of the human primary cortices: Implications for neuroimaging, brain mapping, and neurobiology
73. Probabilistic mapping and volume measurement of human primary auditory cortex
74. Structural divisions and functional fields in the human cerebral cortex
75. Human brain atlas: For high-resolution functional and anatomical mapping
76. Localization of the pyramidal tract in the internal capsule by whole brain dissection
77. Detection and statistical analysis of human conical sulci
78. The quantitative conical origin of pyramidal axons of Macaca rhesus
79. Shared neural substrates controlling hand movements in human motor cortex
80. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the human central sulcus reveals a morphological correlate of the hand area
81. Somatotopic gradients in the distributed organization of the human primary motor cortex hand area: Evidence from small infarcts
82. How somatotopic is the motor cortex hand area?
83. Observer-independent method for microstructural parcellation of cerebral cortex: A quantitative approach to cytoarchitectonics
84. A stereological approach to human cortical architecture: Identification and delineation of cortical areas
85. Spinal cord: Connections
86. Limitations of the principal-axes theory
87. Three-dimensional linear and nonlinear transformations: An integration of light microscopical and MRI data
88. Alignment of 3-D brain data sets originating from MR and histology
89. Statistics of deformations in histology and application to improved alignment with MRI
90. Both primary motor cortex and supplementary motor area play an important role in complex finger movement
91. Locating the central sulcus: Comparison of MR anatomic and magnetoencephalographic functional methods
92. Cerebral cortical localization: Application and validation of the proportional grid system in MR imaging
93. The role of ventral medial wall motor areas in bimanual co-ordination. A combined lesion and activation study
94. The H-reflex recovery curve from the wrist flexors: Lateralization of motoneuronal excitability in relation to handedness in normal subjects
95. Three-dimensional statistical analysis of sulcal variability in the human brain
96. The side and somatotopical location of single small infarcts in the corona radiata and pontine base in relation to contralateral limb paresis and dysarthria
97. Signal-, set-, and movement-related activity in the human brain: An event-related fMRI study
98. Physiological motor asymmetry in human handedness: Evidence from transcranial magnetic stimulation
99. Transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals a hemispheric asymmetry correlate of intermanual differences in motor performance
100. Morphometry of size/volume variables and comparison of their bivariate relations in the nervous system under different conditions
101. Postnatal volumetric development of the prefrontal cortex in the rat
102. Visualizing and characterizing white matter fiber structure and architecture in the human pyramidal tract using diffusion tensor MRI
103. Die myeloarchitektonische Felderung des menschlichen Stirnhirns
104. Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung
105. Handedness and asymmetry of hand representation in human motor cortex
106. Cerebral asymmetry and handedness
107. Structure of the human sensorimotor system. I: Morphology and cytoarchitecture of the central sulcus
108. Structure of the human sensorimotor system. II: Lateral symmetry
109. Functional lateralization of speech production at primary motor cortex: A fMRI study
110. Hand and sex differences in the isthmus and genu of the human corpus callosum. A postmortem morphological study
111. Localization in somatic sensory and motor areas of human cerebral cortex as determined by direct recording of evoked potentials and electrical stimulation
112. Representational plasticity in cortical area 3b paralleling tactual-motor skill acquisition in adult monkeys
113. Patterns of decussation of bulbar pyramids and distribution of pyramidal tracts on two sides of the spinal cord
114. The myelogenetic cycles of regional maturation of the brain
115. Localization of the motor hand area to a knob on the precentral gyrus. A new landmark
116. The functional neuroanatomy of voluntary swallowing
117. Cortex
118. Mapping of human and macaque sensorimotor areas by integrating architectonic, transmitter receptor, MRI and PET data
119. Hemispheric shape of European and Japanese brains: 3-D MRI analysis of intersubject variability, ethnical, and gender differences