Review article: A drug therapy for the prevention of variceal haemorrhage

Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Volumn 15, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 291-310

  Tripathi, D ^a   Hayes, P C ^a  

^a ROYAL INFIRMARY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

3 ISOPROPYLAMINO 1 (7 METHYL 4 INDANYLOXY) 2 BUTANOL; ALDOSTERONE; ATENOLOL; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CARVEDILOL; CLONIDINE; CYCLIC GMP; IRBESARTAN; ISOSORBIDE MONONITRATE; KETANSERIN; LOSARTAN; MEPINDOLOL; METOPROLOL; NADOLOL; NITRIC ACID DERIVATIVE; NITRIC OXIDE; PRAZOSIN; PROPRANOLOL; SEROTONIN 2 RECEPTOR; SPIRONOLACTONE; TIMOLOL;

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE ACTIVITY; BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG TOLERABILITY; ENDOSCOPIC SCLEROTHERAPY; ESOPHAGUS VARICES BLEEDING; GYNECOMASTIA; HEMODYNAMICS; HUMAN; HYPOTENSION; META ANALYSIS; MULTICENTER STUDY; PORTAL HYPERTENSION; PORTOSYSTEMIC ANASTOMOSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; STOMACH VARICES;

HEMODYNAMIC PROCESSES; HEMORRHAGE; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION, PORTAL; LIVER; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS; VARICOSE VEINS;

EID: 0035129704     PISSN: 02692813     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.00920.x     Document Type: Review

References (146)

1. Natural History: Clinical-haemodynamic correlations: Prediction of the risk of bleeding
2. Management of variceal haemorrhage
3. Lack of effect of propranolol in the prevention of large oesophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis: A randomised trial. French-Speaking Club for the Study of Portal Hypertension
4. Direct measurement of portal vein pressure using a thin needle
5. Comparison between portal vein pressure and wedge hepatic vein pressure in hepatitis B-related cirrhosis
6. Wedged hepatic venous pressure adequately reflects portal pressure in hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis
7. Hemodynamic events in a prospective randomised trial of propranolol versus placebo in the prevention of a first variceal hemorrhage
8. Relationship between portal pressure response to pharmacotherapy and risk of recurrent variceal heamorrhage in patients with cirrhosis
9. The effect of propranolol on portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis: A hemodynamic study
10. Portal venous flow in response to acute β-blocker and vasodilatatory treatment in patients with liver cirrhosis
11. Effects of propranolol on azygos venous blood flow and hepatic and systemic hemodynamics in cirrhosis
12. Effects of alpha-adrenergic stimulation and β-adrenergic blockage on azygos blood flow and splanchnic haemodynamics in patients with cirrhosis
13. Acute and chronic hemodynamic effects of propranolol in unselected cirrhotic patients
14. Selective and non-selective β-blockade in the reduction of portal pressure in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension
15. Comparative haemodynamic effects of β-xolol and propranolol in patients with cirrhosis
16. Enhancement of portal pressure reduction by the association of isosorbide-5-mononitrate to propranolol administration in patients with cirrhosis
17. Propranolol compared with propranolol plus isosorbide-5-mononitrate for portal hypertension in cirrhosis. A randomised controlled study
18. Long-term effects of oral propranolol on splanchnic and systemic haemodynamics in patients with cirrhosis and oesophageal varices
19. Long-term haemodynamic effects of a 4-week regimen of nipradilol, a new β-blocker with nitrovasodilating properties, in patients with portal hypertension due to cirrhosis. A comparative study with propranolol
20. Propranolol compared with propranolol plus isosorbide dinitrate in portal-hypertensive patients: Long-term hemodynamic and renal effects
21. Influence of the degree of liver failure on systemic and splanchnic haemodynamics and on response to propranolol in patients with cirrhosis
22. Increased portal venous resistance hinders portal pressure reduction during the administration of β-adrenergic blocking agents in a portal hypertensive model
23. Stereoselective delivery and actions of beta receptor antagonists
24. Propranolol stereoisomer plasma concentrations and portal haemodynamic response in patients with liver cirrhosis
25. Reduction of variceal pressure by propranolol: Comparison of the effects on portal pressure and azygos blood flow in patients with cirrhosis
26. Clinical vs. haemodynamic response to drugs in portal hypertension
27. Haemodynamic parameters predicting variceal haemorrhage and survival in alcoholic cirrhosis
28. Relationship between directly measured portal pressure gradient and variceal heamorrhage
29. Effects of Nadalol treatment on renal and hepatic haemodynamics and function in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension
30. Use of a non-selective β-blocker, nadolol, in the treatment of portal hypertension in cirrhotics
31. Long-term effects of β-adrenergic blockade with nadolol on hepatic and renal haemodynamics and function in cirrhotics
32. Effect of nadolol on liver haemodynamics and function in patients with cirrhosis
33. Duplex-doppler sonographic evaluation of splancnic and renal effects of single-agent and combined therapy with nadolol and isosorbide-5-mononitrate in cirrhotic-patients
34. The portal pressure response to β-blockade is greater in cirrhotic patients without varices than in those with varices
35. Comparison of the effects of a cardioselective and noncardioselective β-blocker on portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis
36. Comparison of three adrenoreceptor blocking agents in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension
37. Selective and non-selective β-receptor blockade in the reduction of portal pressure in patients with cirrhosis and portal patients
38. Reductions in portal pressure by selective β-2-adrenoceptor blockade in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension
39. Comparison of the short-term effects of mepindolol and propranolol on splanchnic and systemic haemodynamics in patients with cirrhosis
40. Acute haemodynamic changes after oral carvedilol, a vasodilating β-blocker, in patients with cirrhosis
41. Acute and chronic haemodynamic and renal effects of carvedilol in patients with cirrhosis
42. Carvedilol. A new nonselective β-blocker with intrinsic anti-alpha1 adrenergic activity, has a greater portal hypotensive effect than propranolol in patients with cirrhosis
43. Acute and chronic haemodynamic effects of low dose carvedilol in patients with cirrhosis
44. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of isosorbide-dinitrate after intravenous and oral administration
45. Isosorbide dinitrate bioavailability, kinetics, and metabolism
46. Pharmacokinetics of isosorbide mononitrate
47. Organic nitrates in portal hypertension
48. Effect and mechanism of action of isosorbide-5-mononitrate
49. Lack of effects of isosorbide-5-mononitrate on hepatic hemodynamics in HBsAg-positive cirrhosis
50. Reduction of portal pressure by isosorbide-5-mononitrate in patients with cirrhosis. Effects on splanchnic and systemic hemodynamics and liver function
51. Long-term haemodynamic effects of isosorbide-5-mononitrate in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension
52. The acute and chronic effects of isosorbide-5-mononitrate on portal haemodynamics in cirrhosis
53. Portal and systemic haemodynamic response to acute and chronic administration of low and high dose isosorbide-5-mononitrate in patients with cirrhosis
54. Effects of isosorbide-5-mononitrate on variceal pressure and systemic and splanchnic haemodynamics in patients with cirrhosis
55. Differing actions of the acute administration of propranolol and isosorbide-5-mononitrate on the portal circulation
56. Mechanism and role or intrinsic regulation of hepatic arterial blood flow: The hepatic arterial buffer response
57. Measurement of azygous venous blood flow as an index of variceal blood flow in cirrhosis and portal hypertension
58. Incidence of early tolerance to heamodynamic effects of continuos infusions of nitroglycerin in patients with coronary heart disease and heart failure
59. Tolerance with low dose intravenous nitroglycerin therapy in acute myocardial therapy
60. Renal effects of acute isosorbide-5-mononitrate administration in cirrhosis
61. Hemodynamic effects of alpha-adrenergic blockade with prazosin in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension
62. Continuous prazosin in administration in cirrhotic patients: Effects on portal hemodynamics and on liver and renal function
63. Sympathetic tone modulates portal venous pressure in alcoholic cirrhosis
64. Hemodynamic effects of a clonidine-induced decrease in sympathetic tone in patients with cirrhosis
65. Increased sympathetic nervous activity and the effects of its inhibition with clonidine in alcoholic cirrhosis
66. Long-term administration of clonidine in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Haemodynamic and liver function effects
67. Effects of propranolol compared with clonidine on portal haemodynamics: A double-blind cross-over study using duplex-Doppler ultrasonography
68. The role of vasoactive mediators in portal hypertension
69. Differential response of normal and cirrhotic liver to vasoactive agents. A study in the isolated perfused rat liver
70. Effect of losartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, on portal pressure in cirrhosis
71. Efficacy of Irbesartan. An angiotensin II receptor selective antagonist, in the treatment of portal hypertension
72. Effects of low-dose captopril on renal hemodynamics and function in patients with cirrhosis of the liver
73. Hyper-sensitivity of mesenteric veins to 5-hydroxytryptamine- and ketanserin-induced reduction of portal pressure in portal hypertensive rats
74. Beneficial hemodynamic effects of ketanserin in patients with cirrhosis: Possible role of serotonergic mechanisms in portal hypertension
75. Effect of a serotonin S2 receptor antagonist on portal hypertension due to cirrhosis. Preliminary results of a heart and liver hemodynamic study
76. Long-term hemodynamic effects of ketanserin, a 5-hydroxytryptamine blocker, in portal hypertensive patients
77. Combination of ketanserin and verapamil or propranolol in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis: Search for an additive effect
78. Addition of ritanserin to the treatment with propranolol in cirrhotic patients: Effects on portal pressure
79. The portal pressure-blood volume relationship in cirrhosis
80. Spironolactone in the treatment of portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis. A new therapeutic principle?
81. Plasma volume contraction in portal hypertension
82. Effects of low-sodium diet and spironolactone on portal pressure in patients with compensated cirrhosis
83. Chronic splanchnic hemodynamic effects of spironolactone with unrestricted sodium diet in patients with compensated cirrhosis
84. The effect of long-term treatment with spironolactone on variceal pressure in patients with portal hypertension without ascites
85. Nadolol plus spironolactone vs. nadolol alone in the prophylaxis of the first variceal bleeding in non-ascitic cirrhotic patients. Preliminary results of a multicenter, double blind and randomised trial
86. Nitrogylcerin improves the haemodynamic response to vasopressin in portal hypertension
87. Treatment of portal hypertension with isosorbide dinitrate alone and in combination with vasopressin
88. The effect of the combination of nitroglycerin and propranolol on splancnic and systemic haemodynamics in a portal hypotensive rat model
89. Propranolol plus isosorbide-5-mononitrate for portal hypertension in cirrhosis: Long-term hemodynamic and renal effects
90. Long-term effect of nadolol or nadolol plus isosorbide-5-mononitrate on renal function and ascites formation in patients with cirrhosis. GTIP Gruppo Triveneto per l'Ipertensione Portale
91. Hemodynamic evaluation of the addition of isosorbide-5-mononitrate to nadolol in cirrhotic patients with insufficient response to the β-blocker alone
92. Propranolol plus prazosin compared with propranolol plus isosorbide-5-mononitrate in the treatment of portal hypertension
93. Effect of chronic treatment with nadolol plus isosorbide mononitrate on liver blood flow and liver metabolic activity in cirrhosis
94. Propranolol in the prevention of first upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and esophageal varices
95. Propranolol prevents first gastrointestinal bleeding in non-ascitic cirrhotic patients. Final report of a multicenter randomised trial
96. Propranolol in the prevention of the first hemorrhage from esophagogastric varices: A multicenter, randomised clinical trial
97. Prophylaxis of first hemorrhage from esophageal varices by sclerotherapy, propranolol or both in cirrhotic patients: A randomised multicenter trial
98. Preventative therapy of first gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis: Results of a controlled trial comparing propranolol, endoscopic sclerotherapy and placebo
99. A randomised controlled trial for the prevention of the first upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to portal hypertension in cirrhosis: Sclerotherapy or propranolol versus control groups
100. Propranolol in prevention of variceal haemorrhage in alcoholic cirrhotic patients
101. Nadolol can prevent the first gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhotics: A prospective randomised study
102. Nadolol for prophylaxis of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis. A randomise study
103. Effect of propranolol on prevention of first variceal bleed and survival in patients with chronic liver disease
104. Meta-analysis of value of propranolol in prevention of variceal haemorrhage
105. β-adrenergic-antagonist drugs in the prevention of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis and esophageal varices. An analysis of data and prognostic factors in 589 patients from four randomised clinical trials
106. The treatment of portal hypertension: A meta-analytic review
107. Isosorbide-5-mononitrate in the prevention of digestive heamorrhage in cirrhosis: Randomised study
108. Isosorbide-5-mononitrate (ISMN) vs. placebo (PLA) in prevention of the first variceal bleeding (FVB) in patients with contraindications or intolerance of β-blockers
109. Effects of isosorbide-5-mononitrate compared with propranolol on first bleeding and long-term survival in cirrhosis
110. Nadolol and isosorbide-5-mononitrate for preventing bleeding in cirrhotics with ascites
111. Gruppo-Triveneto per L'ipertensione portale
112. Long-term results of a clinical trial of nadolol with or without isosorbide mononitrate for primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in cirrhosis
113. Spanish Variceal Bleeding Study Group Propranolol + placebo vs. propranolol + isosorbide-5-mononitrate in the prevention of the first variceal bleeding. A multicenter double blind randomised controlled trial
114. Isosorbide mononitrate (IMN) with nadolol compared to nadolol alone for prevention of first bleeding in cirrhosis.A double-blind placebo-controlled randomised trial
115. Isosorbide mononitrate (IMN) with nadolol compared to nadolol alone for prevention of recurrent bleeding in cirrhosis. A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial
116. Endoscopic sclerotherapy plus propranolol versus propranolol alone in the primary prevention of bleeding in high risk cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices: A prospective multicenter randomised trial
117. Endoscopic ligation compared with sclero-therapy for treatment of esophageal variceal bleeding: A meta-analysis
118. Endoscopic variceal ligation for primary prophylaxis of oesophageal variceal bleed: Preliminary report of a randomised controlled trial
119. Comparison of endoscopic ligation and propranolol for the primary prevention of variceal bleeding
120. Primary prophylaxis of variceal haemorrhage: A randomised controlled trial comparing band ligation, propranolol andisosorbide mononitrate
121. Controlled trial of propranolol for the prevention of recurrent variceal hemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis
122. A randomised controlled study of propranolol for prevention of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis: A final report
123. Propranolol for the prevention of recurrent variceal hemorrhage: A controlled trial
124. Propranolol et prevention des recidives de rupture de varice oesophagienne du cirrhotique
125. Controlled study of propranolol in the prevention of recurrent hemorrhage in cirrhotic patients
126. Nadolol for prevention of variceal rebleeding in cirrhosis: A controlled clinical trial
127. Unsichere rezidivprophylaxe von osophagusvarizenblutungen durch propranolol bei leberzirrhotikern: Eine prospective kontrollierte studie
128. β-blockade prevents recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding in well-compensated patients with alcoholic cirrhosis: A multicenter randomised controlled trial
129. β-blockade prevents recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding in well-compensated patients with alcoholic cirrhosis: A multicenter randomised controlled trial
130. Randomised controlled study of propranolol for prevention of recurrent esophageal varices bleeding in patients with cirrhosis
131. Propranolol in the prevention of recurrent variceal hemorrhage in cirrhotic patients. A controlled trial
132. Propranolol in the prevention of variceal hemorrhage in alcoholic cirrhotic patients
133. Prevention of recurrent variceal bleeding in alcoholicogy cirrhotic patients: Prospective controlled trial of propranolol and sclerotherapy
134. β-adrenergic antagonists in the prevention of gastrointestinal rebleeding in patients with cirrhosis: A meta-analysis
135. Isosorbide mononitrate and propranolol compared with propranolol alone for the prevention of variceal rebleeding
136. Isosorbide mononitrate with nadolol compared to nadolol alone for prevention of recurrent bleeding in cirrhosis. A double-blind placebo-controlled randomised trial
137. 5-Mononitrate d'isosorbide associè au propranolol contre propranolol seul apre hémorragie par rupture de varices oesophagiennes: Un étude randomisée
138. Prevention of recurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding with propranolol in patients with cirrhosis undergoing endoscopic sclerotherapy
139. Propranolol and sclerotherapy in the prevention of gastrointestinal rebleeding in patients with cirrhosis: A meta-analysis
140. Nadolol plus isosorbide mononitrate compared with sclerotherapy for the prevention of variceal rebleeding
141. A randomised trial comparing endoscopic ligation with nadolol plus isosorbide 5-mononitrate for the prevention of variceal rebleeding. Preliminary results
142. RCT of variceal ligation vs propranolol-isosorbide for variceal rebleeding with target pressure reduction: Methodological problems
143. Endoscopic ligation versus nadolol plus isosorbide-5-mononitrate for the prevention of variceal rebleeding. A prospective and randomised trial
144. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt vs. propranolol + isosorbide-mononitrate for the prevention of variceal rebleeding in patients with cirrhosis. Results of a randomised controlled trial
145. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt compared with endoscopic treatment for prevention of variceal rebleeding: A meta-analysis
146. Complications of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts