A wind comparison study using an ocean general circulation model for the 1997-1998 El Niño

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volumn 106, Issue C2, 2001, Pages 2345-2362

  Hackert, Eric C ^a   Busalacchi, Antonio J ^a   Murtugudde, Ragu ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EL NINO; OCEANIC GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WIND FORCING;

EID: 0035086790     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/1999jc000055     Document Type: Review

References (33)

1. Atlas, R., R. N. Hoffman, S. C. Bloom, J. C. Jussem, and J. Ardizzone, A multiyear global surface wind velocity dataset using SSM/I wind observations, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 77, 869-882, 1996.
2. Barnston, A. G., M. H. Glantz, and Y. He, Predictive skill of statistical and dynamical climate models in SST forecasts during the 1997-98 El Niño and the 1998 La Niña onset, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 80, 217-241, 1999.
3. Bentamy, A., Y. Quilfen, F. Gohin, N. Grima, M. Lenaour, and J. Servain, Determination and validation of average wind fields from ERS-1 scatterometer measurements, in The Global Atmosphere and Ocean System, vol. 4, pp. 1-29, Gordon and Breach, Newark, N. J., 1996.
4. Cane, M. A., S. E. Zebiak, and S. Dolan, Experimental forecasts of El Niño, Nature, 321, 827-832, 1986.
5. Centre ERS d'Archivage et de Traitement (CERSAT), Off-line wind scatterometer ERS products User Manual, Ref. C2-MUT-W-01-IF, CERSAT Publ., 85 pp., Plouzane, France, 1996.
6. Chen, D., A. Busalacchi, and L. Rothstein, The roles of vertical mixing, solar radiation, and wind stress in a model simulation of the sea surface temperature seasonal cycle in the tropical Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 20,345-20,359, 1994.
7. Chen, D., S. E. Zebiak, A. J. Busalacchi, and M. A. Cane, An improved procedure for El Niño forecasting: Implications for predictability, Science, 269, 1699-1702, 1995.
8. Chen, D., M. A. Cane, S. E. Zebiak, and A. Kaplan, The impact of sea level data assimilation on the Lamont model prediction of the 1997/98 El Niño, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 2837-2840, 1998.
9. Cheney, R., L. Miller, C. Tai, J. Lillibridge, J. Kuhn, M. Ji, and D. Behringer, Operational altimeter data processing and assimilation for El Niño forecasts, AVISO Altimetry Newsl., 6, 36-37, 1998.
10. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), The description of the ECMWF/WCRP Level III-A Global Atmospheric Data Archive, Tech. Attach., 72 pp., Reading, England, U. K., 1994.
11. Gent, P., and M. A. Cane, A reduced gravity, primitive equation model of the upper equatorial Ocean, J. Comput. Phys., 81, 444-480, 1989.
12. Goldenberg, S. D., and J. J. O'Brien, Time and space variability of tropical Pacific wind stress, Mon. Weather Rev., 110, 1190-1207, 1981.
13. Hayes, S. P., M. J. McPhaden, and J. M. Wallace, The influence of sea-surface temperature on surface wind in the eastern equatorial Pacific: Weekly to monthly variability, J. Clim., 2, 1500-1506, 1989.
14. Huang, R. X., Real freshwater flux as a natural boundary condition for salinity balance and thermohaline circulation forced by evaporation and precipitation, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 2428-2446, 1993.
15. Kalnay, E., et al., The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 77, 437-471, 1996.
16. Legler, D. M., and J. J. O'Brien, Atlas of Tropical Pacific Wind-Stress Climatology 1971-1980, 187 pp., Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, 1985.
17. Le Provost, C., M. L. Genco, F. Lyard, P. Vincent, and P. Canceil, Spectroscopy of the world ocean tides from a finite-element hydrodynamic model, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 24,777-24,797, 1994.
18. Levitus, S., and T. Boyer, World Ocean Atlas 1994, vol. 4, Temperature, NOAA Atlas NESDIS, vol. 4, 129 pp., Natl. Oceanic and Atmos. Admin., Silver Spring, Md., 1994.
19. Levitus, S., R. Burgett, and T. Boyer, World Ocean Atlas 1994, vol. 3, Salinity, NOAA Atlas NESDIS, vol. 3, 111 pp., Natl. Oceanic and Atmos. Admin., Silver Spring, Md., 1994.
20. Liu, W. T., K. B. Katsaros, and J. A. Businger, Bulk parameterizations of air-sea exchanges of heat and water vapor including the molecular constraints at the interface, J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 1722-1735, 1979.
21. McPhaden, M. J., Climate oscillations: Genesis and evolution of the 1997-98 El Niño, Science, 283, 950-954, 1999.
22. McPhaden, M. J., and X. Yu, Equatorial waves and the 1997-98 El Niño, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 2961-2964, 1999.
23. McPhaden, M. J., et al., The tropical ocean-global atmosphere observing system: A decade of progress, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14,169-14,240, 1998.
24. Murtugudde, R., R. Seager, and A. Busalacchi, Simulation of the tropical oceans with an ocean GCM coupled to an atmospheric mixed layer model, J. Clim., 9, 1795-1815, 1996.
25. Murtugudde, R., A. J. Busalacchi, and J. Beauchamp, Seasonal-to-interannual effects of the Indonesian Throughflow on the tropical Indo-Pacific basin, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 21,425-21,441, 1998.
26. Oberhuber, J., An Atlas Based on 'COADS' Data Set, Rep. 15., Max-Planck-Inst. für Meteorol., Hamburg, Germany, 1988.
27. Reynolds, R., and T. Smith, Improved global sea surface temperature analyses, J. Clim., 7, 929-948, 1994.
28. Seager, R., B. Blumenthal, and Y. Kushnir, An advective atmospheric mixed layer model for ocean modeling purposes: Global simulation of surface heat fluxes, J. Clim., 8, 1951-1964, 1995.
29. Smith, S. D., Coefficients for sea surface wind stress, heat flux, and wind profiles as a function of wind speed and temperature, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 15,467-15,472, 1988.
30. Stricherz, J., D. M. Legler, and J. J. O'Brien, TOGA Pseudo-stress Atlas 1985-1994, vol. II, Tropical Pacific, 165 pp., Cent. for Ocean-Atmos. Predict. Stud., Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, 1997.
31. Wallace, J. M., T. P. Mitchell, and C. Deser, The influence of sea-surface temperature on surface wind in the eastern equatorial Pacific: Seasonal and interannual variability, J. Clim., 2, 1492-1499, 1989.
32. Wentz, F. J., Measurement of oceanic wind vector using satellite microwave radiometers, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 30, 960-972, 1992.
33. Zebiak, S. E., and M. A. Cane, A model El Niño-Southern Oscillation, Mon. Weather Rev., 155, 2262-2278, 1987.