The CcrM DNA methyltransferase of Agrobacterium tumefaciens is essential, and its activity is cell cycle regulated

Journal of Bacteriology

Volumn 183, Issue 10, 2001, Pages 3065-3075

  Kahng, Lyn Sue ^a   Shapiro, Lucy ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE;

ARTICLE; CELL CYCLE; CELL DIVISION; CELL SYNCHRONIZATION; CHROMOSOME REPLICATION; DNA METHYLATION; DNA REPAIR; DNA REPLICATION; ENZYME ACTIVITY; MEMBRANE BINDING; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; RHIZOBIUM RADIOBACTER; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; BASE SEQUENCE; CELL CYCLE; CULTURE MEDIA; DNA METHYLATION; FLOW CYTOMETRY; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, BACTERIAL; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; PROMOTER REGIONS (GENETICS); RHIZOBIUM RADIOBACTER; SITE-SPECIFIC DNA-METHYLTRANSFERASE (ADENINE-SPECIFIC);

AGROBACTERIUM; AGROBACTERIUM TUMEFACIENS; ALPHAPROTEOBACTERIA; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); CAULOBACTER VIBRIOIDES; ESCHERICHIA COLI; GAMMAPROTEOBACTERIA; NEGIBACTERIA; PROTEOBACTERIA;

EID: 0035033642     PISSN: 00219193     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/JB.183.10.3065-3075.2001     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Barnett, M. J., D. Y. Hung, A. Reisenauer, L. Shapiro, and S. R. Long. 2000. A homolog of the CtrA cell cycle regulator is present and essential in Sinorhizobium meliloti. J. Bacteriol. 183:3204-3210.
2. Bird, A. P., and A. P. Wolffe. 1999. Methylation-induced repression - belts, braces, and chromatin. Cell 99:451-454.
3. Blyn, L. B., B. A. Braaten, and D. A. Low. 1990. Regulation of pap pilin phase variation by a mechanism involving differential Dam methylation states. EMBO J. 9:4045-4054.
4. Boye, E., and A. Lobner-Olesen. 1990. The role of dam methyltransferase in the control of DNA replication in E. coli. Cell 62:981-989.
5. Campbell, J. L., and N. Kleckner. 1990. E. coli oriC and the dnaA gene promoter are sequestered from dam methyltransferase following the passage of the chromosomal replication fork. Cell 62:967-979.
6. Cangelosi, G. A., E. A. Best, G. Martinetti, and E. W. Nester. 1991. Genetic analysis of Agrobacterium. Methods Enzymol. 204:384-397.
7. Charles, T. C., and E. W. Nester. 1993. A chromosomally encoded two-component sensory transduction system is required for virulence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. J. Bacteriol. 175:6614-6625.
8. Chesnokova, O., J. B. Coutinho, I. H. Khan, M. S. Mikhail, and C. I. Kado. 1997. Characterization of flagella genes of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and the effect of a bald strain on virulence. Mol. Microbiol. 23:579-590.
9. Deakin, W. J., V. E. Parker, E. L. Wright, K. J. Ashcroft, G. J. Loake, and C. H. Shaw. 1999. Agrobacterium tumefaciens possesses a fourth flagellin gene located in a large gene cluster concerned with flagellar structure, assembly and motility. Microbiology 145:1397-1407.
10. Evinger, M., and N. Agabian. 1977. Envelope-associated nucleoid from Caulobacter crescentus stalked and swarmer cells. J. Bacteriol. 132:294-301.
11. Garcia-Del Portillo, F., M. G. Pucciarelli, and J. Casadesus. 1999. DNA adenine methylase mutants of Salmonella typhimurium show defects in protein secretion, cell invasion, and M cell cytotoxicity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:11578-11583.
12. Goodner, B. W., B. P. Markelz, M. C. Flanagan, C. B. Crowell, Jr., J. L. Racette, B. A. Schilling, L. M. Halfon, J. S. Mellors, and G. Grabowski. 1999. Combined genetic and physical map of the complex genome of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. J. Bacteriol. 181:5160-5166.
13. Haagmans, W., and M. van der Woude. 2000. Phase variation of Ag43 in Escherichia coli: Dam-dependent methylation abrogates OxyR binding and OxyR-mediated repression of transcription. Mol. Microbiol. 35:877-887.
14. Heithoff, D. M., R. L. Sinsheimer, D. A. Low, and M. J. Mahan. 1999. An essential role for DNA adenine methylation in bacterial virulence. Science 284:967-970.
15. Heithoff, D. M., R. L. Sinsheimer, D. A. Low, and M. J. Mahan. 2000. In vivo gene expression and the adaptive response: from pathogenesis to vaccines and antimicrobials. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 355:633-642.
16. Jaenisch, R. 1997. DNA methylation and imprinting: why bother? Trends Genet. 13:323-329.
17. Kelly, A. J., M. J. Sackett, N. Din, E. Quardokus, and Y. V. Brun. 1998. Cell cycle-dependent transcriptional and proteolytic regulation of FtsZ in Caulobacter. Genes Dev. 12:880-893.
18. Lai, E. M., O. Chesnokova, L. M. Banta, and C. I. Kado. 2000. Genetic and environmental factors affecting T-pilin export and T-pilus biogenesis in relation to flagellation of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. J. Bacteriol. 182:3705-3716.
19. Lang, A. S., and J. T. Beatty. 2000. Genetic analysis of a bacterial genetic exchange element: the gene transfer agent of Rhodobacter capsulatus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:859-864.
20. Latch, J. N., and W. Margolin. 1997. Generation of buds, swellings, and branches instead of filaments after blocking the cell cycle of Rhizobium meliloti. J. Bacteriol. 179:2373-2381.
21. Malone, T., R. M. Blumenthal, and X. Cheng. 1995. Structure-guided analysis reveals nine sequence motifs conserved among DNA amino-methyltransferases, and suggests a catalytic mechanism for these enzymes. J. Mol. Biol. 253:618-632.
22. Marczynski, G. T. 1999. Chromosome methylation and measurement of faithful, once and only once per cell cycle chromosome replication in Caulobacter crescentus. J. Bacteriol. 181:1984-1993.
23. Marinus, M. G. 1996. Methylation of DNA, p. 782-791. In F. C. Neidhardt, R. Curtiss III, J. L. Ingraham, E. C. C. Lin, K. B. Low, B. Magasanik, W. S. Reznikoff, M. Riley, M. Schaechter, and H. E. Umbarger (ed.), Escherichia coli and Salmonella, 2nd ed. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
24. Matthysse, A. G., H. A. Yarnall, and N. Young. 1996. Requirement for genes with homology to ABC transport systems for attachment and virulence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. J. Bacteriol. 178:5302-5308.
25. Nicholson, B., and D. Low. 2000. DNA methylation-dependent regulation of pef expression in Salmonella typhimurium. Mol. Microbiol. 35:728-742.
26. Nierman, W. et al. 2001. Complete genome sequence of the Caulobacter crescentus strain CB15. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98:4136-4141.
27. Nou, X., B. Braaten, L. Kaltenbach, and D. A. Low. 1995. Differential binding of Lrp to two sets of pap DNA binding sites mediated by Pap I regulates Pap phase variation in Escherichia coli. EMBO J. 14:5785-5797.
28. Ouimet, M. C., and G. T. Marczynski. 2000. Analysis of a cell-cycle promoter bound by a response regulator. J. Mol. Biol. 302:761-775.
29. Prentki, P., and H. M. Krisch. 1984. In vitro insertional mutagenesis with a selectable DNA fragment. Gene 29:303-313.
30. Quon, K. C., G. T. Marczynski, and L. Shapiro. 1996. Cell cycle control by an essential bacterial two-component signal transduction protein. Cell 84: 83-93.
31. Quon, K. C., B. Yang, I. J. Domian, L. Shapiro, and G. T. Marczynski. 1998. Negative control of bacterial DNA replication by a cell cycle regulatory protein that binds at the chromosome origin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:120-125.
32. Reisenauer, A., L. S. Kahng, S. McCollum, and L. Shapiro. 1999. Bacterial DNA methylation: a cell cycle regulator? J. Bacteriol. 181:5135-5139.
33. Reisenauer, A., K. Quon, and L. Shapiro. 1999. The CtrA response regulator mediates temporal control of gene expression during the Caulobacter cell cycle. J. Bacteriol. 181:2430-2439.
34. Robertson, G. T., A. Reisenauer, R. Wright, R. B. Jensen, A. Jensen, L. Shapiro, and R. M. Roop II. 2000. The Brucella abortus CcrM DNA methyltransferase is essential for viability, and its overexpression attenuates intracellular replication in murine macrophages. J. Bacteriol. 182:3482-3489.
35. Sambrook, J., E. F. Fritsch, and T. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
36. Simon, R., U. Priefer, and A. Puhler. 1983. A broad host range mobilization system for in vivo genetic engineering: transposon mutagenesis in Gram negative bacteria. Bio/Technology 1:784-790.
37. Skarstad, K., E. Boye, and H. B. Steen. 1986. Timing of initiation of chromosome replication in individual Escherichia coli cells. EMBO J. 5:1711-1717.
38. Skerker, J. M., and L. Shapiro. 2000. Identification and cell cycle control of a novel pilus system in Caulobacter crescentus. EMBO J. 19:3223-3234.
39. Stephens, C., C. Mohr, C. Boyd, J. Maddock, J. Gober, and L. Shapiro. 1997. Identification of the fliI and fliJ components of the Caulobacter flagellar type III protein secretion system. J. Bacteriol. 179:5355-5365.
40. Stephens, C., A. Reisenauer, R. Wright, and L. Shapiro. 1996. A cell cycle-regulated bacterial DNA methyltransferase is essential for viability. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:1210-1214.
41. Stephens, C. M., G. Zweiger, and L. Shapiro. 1995. Coordinate cell cycle control of a Caulobacter DNA methyltransferase and the flagellar genetic hierarchy. J. Bacteriol. 177:1662-1669.
42. Weyand, N. J., and D. A. Low. 2000. Regulation of Pap phase variation. Lrp is sufficient for the establishment of the phase off pap DNA methylation pattern and repression of pap transcription in vitro. J. Biol. Chem. 275:3192-3200.
43. Wilson, G. G. 1941. Organization of restriction-modification systems. Nucleic Acids Res. 19:2539-2566.
44. Winzeler, E., and L. Shapiro. 1995. Use of flow cytometry to identify a Caulobacter 4.5S RNA temperature-sensitive mutant defective in the cell cycle. J. Mol. Biol. 251:346-365.
45. Wright, R., C. Stephens, and L. Shapiro. 1997. The CcrM DNA methyltransferase is widespread in the alpha subdivision of proteobacteria, and its essential functions are conserved in Rhizobium meliloti and Caulobacter crescentus. J. Bacteriol. 179:5869-5877.
46. Wright, R., C. Stephens, G. Zweiger, L. Shapiro, and M. R. Alley. 1996. Caulobacter Lon protease has a critical role in cell-cycle control of DNA methylation. Genes Dev. 10:1532-1542.
47. Zhu, J., P. M. Oger, B. Schrammeijer, P. J. Hooykaas, S. K. Farrand, and S. C. Winans. 2000. The bases of crown gall tumorigenesis. J. Bacteriol. 182:3885-3895.
48. Zweiger, G., G. Marczynski, and L. Shapiro. 1994. A Caulobacter DNA methyltransferase that functions only in the predivisional cell. J. Mol. Biol. 235:472-485.