Anal fissure

Gastroenterology Clinics of North America

Volumn 30, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 167-181

  Jonas, Marion ^a   Scholefield, John H ^a  

^a QUEEN S MEDICAL CENTRE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; GLYCERYL TRINITRATE; ORGANIC NITRATE;

ANUS FISSURE; CHRONIC DISEASE; DIET THERAPY; HUMAN; INCONTINENCE; PATHOGENESIS; PATIENT SELECTION; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; QUALITY OF LIFE; RECTOSCOPY; REVIEW; SPHINCTEROTOMY; SURGICAL MORTALITY; TREATMENT INDICATION;

EID: 0035001787     PISSN: 08898553     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0889-8553(05)70172-2     Document Type: Article

References (111)

1. H. Abcarian Surgical correction of chronic anal fissure: Results of lateral internal sphincterotomy vs. fissurectomy—midline sphincterotomy Dis Colon Rectum 23 1980 31 36
2. A. Albanese C. Colosimo D. Carretta Botulinum toxin as a treatment for blepharospasm, spasmodic torticollis and hemifacial spasm Eur Neurol 32 1992 112 117
3. C. Antropoli P. Perrotti M. Rubino Nifedipine for local use in conservative treatment of anal fissures: Preliminary results of a multicenter study Dis Colon Rectum 42 1999 1011 1015
4. R.V. Bailey R.J. Rubin E.P. Salvati Lateral internal sphincterotomy Dis Colon Rectum 21 1978 584 586
5. T. Bates Rectal prolapse after anal dilatation in the elderly BMJ 2 1972 505
6. R.C. Bennett J.C. Goligher Results of internal sphincterotomy for anal fissure BMJ 2 1962 1500
7. P.B. Boulos J.G. Araujo Adequate internal sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure: Subcutaneous or open technique? Br J Surg 71 1984 360 362
8. N. Bourgeois M. Coffernils Y. Sznajer Non-surgical management of achalasia Acta Gastroenterol Belg 55 1992 260 263
9. G. Brisinda G. Maria A.R. Bentivoglio A comparison of injections of botulinum toxin and topical nitroglycerin ointment for the treatment of chronic anal fissure N Engl J Med 341 1999 65 69
10. A.C. Brown J.M. Sumfest J.V. Rozwadowski Histopathology of the internal anal sphincter in chronic anal fissure Dis Colon Rectum 32 1989 680 683
11. D.E. Burleigh A. D'Mello A.G. Parks Responses of isolated human internal anal sphincter to drugs and electrical field stimulation Gastroenterology 77 1979 484 490
12. E. Carapeti M. Kamm B.K. Evans Topical diltiazem and bethanecol decrease anal sphincter pressure without side effects Gut 45 1999 719 722
13. E.A. Carapeti M.A. Kamm P.J. McDonald Randomised controlled trial shows that glyceryl trinitrate heals anal fissures, higher doses are not more effective, and there is a high recurrence rate Gut 44 1999 727 730
14. S. Chakder S. Rattan Release of nitric oxide by activation of nonadrenergic noncholinergic neurons of internal anal sphincter Am J Physiol 264 1993 G7 12
15. E. Chrysos E. Xynos G. Tzovaras Effect of nifedipine on rectoanal motility Dis Colon Rectum 39 1996 212 216
16. B. Collopy P. Ryan Comparison of lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy with anal dilatation in the treatment of fissure in ano Med J Aust 2 1979 461
17. T. Cook M.M. Smilgin Hymphreys Oral nifedipine is an effective teatment for chronic anal fissures Colorectal Dis 1 1999 55
18. G.L. Daniel W.E. Longo A.M. Vernava 3rd Pruritus ani: Causes and concerns Dis Colon Rectum 37 1994 670 674
19. G. Dorfman M. Levitt C. Platell Treatment of chronic anal fissure with topical glyceryl trinitrate Dis Colon Rectum 42 1999 1007 1010
20. G. Dupuytrens Lecons orales de clinique chirurgical faites a l'Hotel-Dieu de Paris Vol 3 1839 Germer-Balliere Paris
21. P.R. Fleshner D.J.J. Schoetz P.L. Roberts Anal fissure in Crohn's disease: A plea for aggressive management Dis Colon Rectum 38 1995 1137 1143
22. B. Frenckner C.V. Euler Influence of pudendal block on the function of the anal sphincters Gut 16 1975 482 489
23. B. Fries K.A. Rietz Treatment of fissure-in-ano Acta Chir Scand 128 1964 312 315
24. J. Garcia-Aguilar C. Belmonte W.D. Wong Open vs. closed sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure: Long term results Dis Colon Rectum 39 1996 P441 P443
25. C.P. Gibbons N.W. Read Anal hypertonia in fissures: Cause or effect? Br J Surg 73 1986 443 445
26. Goligher J: Surgery of the Anus, Rectum and Colon. London, Bialliere Tindall
27. P.H. Gordon C.A. Vasilevsky Symposium on outpatient anorectal procedures: Lateral internal sphincterotomy: Rationale, technique and anesthesia Can J Surg 28 1985 228 230
28. S. Gorfine Topical nitroglycerine therapy for anal fissures and ulcers N Engl J Med 333 1995 1156 1157
29. S.R. Gorfine Treatment of benign anal disease with topical nitroglycerin Dis Colon Rectum 38 1995 453 456
30. M.J. Gough A. Lewis The conservative treatment of fissure-in-ano Br J Surg 70 1983 175 176
31. C.W. Graham-Stewart R.K. Greenwood R.W. Lloyd-Davies Review of 50 patients with fissure-in-ano Surg Gynaecol Obstet 113 1961 445 448
32. D. Gui E. Cassetta G. Anastasio Botulinum toxin for chronic anal fissure Lancet 344 1994 1127 1128
33. H. Gutman P. Gonen A.A. Deutsch Complications of anal dilatation for acute anal fissure Dis Colon Rectum 32 1989 545
34. B.D. Hancock The internal sphincter and anal fissure Br J Surg 64 1977 92 95
35. K.J. Hardy Internal sphincterotomy an appraisal with special reference to sequelae Br J Surg 54 1967 30 31
36. P.R. Hawley The treatment of chronic fissure in ano: A trial of methods Br J Surg 56 1969 915 918
37. N.H. Hyman P.A. Cataldo Nitroglycerin ointment for anal fissures: Effective treatment of just a headache? Dis Colon Rectum 42 1999 383 385
38. W.H. Isbister J. Prasad Fissure in ano Aust N Z J Surg 65 1995 107 108
39. J. Jankovic M.F. Brin Therapeutic uses of botulinum toxin N Engl J Med 324 1991 1186 1194
40. S.L. Jensen Treatment of first episodes of acute anal fissure: Prospective randomised study of lignocaine ointment versus hydrocortisone ointment or warm sitz baths plus bran BMJ 292 1986 1167 1169
41. S.L. Jensen Diet and other risk factors for fissure-in-ano: Prospective case control study Dis Colon Rectum 31 1988 770 773
42. S.L. Jensen F. Lund O.V. Nielsen Lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy versus anal dilatation in the treatment of fissure in ano in outpatients: A prospective randomised study BMJ 289 1984 528 530
43. M. Jonas J.H. Scholefield Oral and topical diltiazem lower resting anal pressure in patients with chronic anal fissure Colorectal Dis 1 1999 55
44. W.H. Jost One hundred cases of anal fissure treated with botulin toxin: Early and long-term results Dis Colon Rectum 40 1997 1029 1032
45. W.H. Jost S. Schanne H. Mlitz Perianal thrombosis following injection therapy into the external anal sphincter using botulinum toxin Dis Colon Rectum 38 1995 781
46. W.H. Jost K. Schimrigk Use of botulinum toxin in anal fissure Dis Colon Rectum 36 1993 974
47. J.O. Keck R.J. Staniunas J.A. Coller Computer-generated profiles of the anal canal in patients with anal fissure Dis Colon Rectum 38 1995 72 79
48. Keighley M, Williams N: Surgery of the Anus, Rectum and Colon. London, WB Saunders
49. M.R. Keighley F. Greca E. Nevah Treatment of anal fissure by lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy should be under general anaesthesia Br J Surg 68 1981 400 401
50. M.L. Kennedy S. Sowter H. Nguyen Glyceryl trinitrate ointment for the treatment of chronic anal fissure: Results of a placebo-controlled trial and long-term follow-up Dis Colon Rectum 42 1999 1000 1006
51. I.T. Khubchandani J.F. Reed Sequelae of internal sphincterotomy for chronic fissure in ano Br J Surg 76 1989 431 434
52. B. Klosterhalfen P. Vogel H. Rixen Topography of the inferior rectal artery: A possible cause of chronic, primary anal fissure Dis Colon Rectum 32 1989 43 52
53. J.B. Kortbeek J.M. Langevin R.E. Khoo Chronic fissure-in-ano: A randomized study comparing open and subcutaneous lateral internal sphincterotomy Dis Colon Rectum 35 1992 835 837
54. H.C. Kuypers Is there really sphincter spasm in anal fissure? Dis Colon Rectum 26 1983 493 494
55. S. Lemiere S. Bruley Des Varannes [Pharmacologic actions and therapeutic importance of botulinum toxin in digestive diseases] Gastroenterol Clin Biol 23 1999 229 237
56. A.F. Leong F. Seow-Choen Lateral sphincterotomy compared with anal advancement flap for chronic anal fissure Dis Colon Rectum 38 1995 69 71
57. B. Lestar F. Penninckx R. Kerremans Anal dilatation Int J Colorectal Dis 2 1987 167 168
58. B. Lester F. Penninckx R. Kerremans The composition of anal basal pressure: An in vivo and in vitro study in man Int J Colorectal Dis 4 1989 118 122
59. T.H. Lewis M.L. Corman E.D. Prager Long-term results of open and closed sphincterotomy for anal fissure Dis Colon Rectum 31 1988 368 371
60. D.R. Littlejohn G.L. Newstead Tailored lateral sphincterotomy for anal fissure Dis Colon Rectum 40 1997 1439 1442
61. M.R. Lock J.P. Thomson Fissure-in-ano: The initial management and prognosis Br J Surg 64 1977 355 358
62. J.N. Lund N.C. Armitage J.H. Scholefield The use of glyceryl trinitrate in the treatment of anal fissure: Results of a pilot study Gut 37 1995 A5
63. J.N. Lund C. Binch J. McGrath Topographical distribution of blood supply to the anal canal Br J Surg 86 1999 496 498
64. J.N. Lund J.L. Parsons J.H. Scholefield Spasm of the internal anal sphincter in anal fissure—cause or effect? Gastroenterology 110 1996 A711
65. J.N. Lund J.H. Scholefield Glyceryl trinitrate is an effective treatment for anal fissure Dis Colon Rectum 40 1997 468 470
66. J.N. Lund J.H. Scholefield Internal sphincter spasm in anal fissure Br J Surg 84 1997 1723 1724
67. J.N. Lund J.H. Scholefield A randomised, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of glyceryl trinitrate ointment in the treatment of anal fissure Lancet 349 1997 11 14
68. J.N. Lund J.H. Scholefield Follow-up of patients with chronic anal fissure treated with topical glyceryl trinitrate [letter] Lancet 352 1998 1681
69. J. Lysy Y. Israelit-Yatzkan M. Sestiere-Ittah Treatment of chronic anal fissure with isosorbide dinitrate: Long-term results and dose determination Dis Colon Rectum 41 1998 1406 1410
70. A. MacDonald A. Smith A.D. McNeill Manual dilatation of the anus Br J Surg 79 1992 1381 1382
71. M. Marby J. Alexander-Williams P. Buchmann A randomized controlled trial to compare anal dilatation with lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy for anal fissure Dis Colon Rectum 22 1979 308 311
72. G. Maria G. Brisinda A.R. Bentivoglio Botulinum toxin injections in the internal anal sphincter for the treatment of chronic anal fissure: Long-term results after two different dosage regimens Ann Surg 228 1998 664 669
73. G. Maria E. Cassetta D. Gui A comparison of botulinum toxin and saline for the treatment of chronic anal fissure N Engl J Med 338 1998 217 220
74. J.D. Martin Postpartum anal fissure Lancet 1 1953 271 273
75. P. Mason M. Watkins H. Hall The management of chronic anal fissure-in-ano with botulinum toxin J R Coll Surg Edinb 41 1996 235 238
76. W.P. Mazier Hemorrhoids, fissures, and pruritus ani Surg Clin North Am 74 1994 1277 1292
77. P. McDonald A.M. Driscoll R.J. Nicholls The anal dilator in the conservative management of acute anal fissures Br J Surg 70 1983 25 26
78. M. Minguez M. Tomas-Ridocci A. Garcia [Pressure of the anal canal in patients with hemorrhoids or with anal fissure: Effect of the topical application of an anesthetic gel] Rev Esp Enferm Dig 81 1992 103 107
79. K.T.H. Moore The outpatient treatment of fissure in ano Br J Clin Pract 29 1975 181 182
80. M.B. Nielsen O.O. Rasmussen J.F. Pedersen Risk of sphincter damage and anal incontinence after anal dilatation for fissure-in-ano: An endosonographic study Dis Colon Rectum 36 1993 677 680
81. M.J. Notaras The treatment of anal fissure by lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy—a technique and results Br J Surg 58 1971 96 100
82. M.J. Notaras Anal fissure and stenosis Surg Clin North Am 68 1988 1427 1440
83. B.J. Nothmann M.M. Schuster Internal anal sphincter derangement with anal fissures Gastroenterology 67 1974 216 220
84. D.C. Nyam J.H. Pemberton Long-term results of lateral internal sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure with particular reference to incidence of fecal incontinence Dis Colon Rectum 42 1999 1306 1310
85. D.C.N.K. Nyam R.G. Wilson K.J. Stewart Island advancement flaps in the managemetn of anal fissures Br J Surg 82 1995 326 328
86. G.J. Oettle Glyceryl trinitrate vs. sphincterotomy for treatment of chonic fissure-in-ano: A randomized, controlled trial Dis Colon Rectum 40 1997 1318 1320
87. T. O'Kelly A. Brading N. Mortensen Nerve mediated relaxation of the human internal anal sphincter: The role of nitric oxide Gut 34 1993 689 693
88. J. Olsen P.E. Mortensen I. Krogh Petersen Anal sphincter function after treatment of fissure-in-ano by lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy versus anal dilatation: A randomized study Int J Colorectal Dis 2 1987 155 157
89. P.J. Pasricha W.J. Ravich T.R. Hendrix Intrasphincteric botulinum toxin for the treatment of achalasia N Engl J Med 332 1995 774 778
90. P.J. Pasricha W.J. Ravich A.N. Kalloo Botulinum toxin for achalasia Lancet 341 1993 244 245
91. B.J. Pernikoff T.E. Eisenstat R.J. Rubin Reappraisal of partial lateral internal sphincterotomy Dis Colon Rectum 37 1994 1291 1295
92. J. Pitt M.M. Henry M.D. Craggs A potential new medical therapy for chronic anal fissure (abstr) Int J Colorectal Dis 12 1997 169
93. J. Pitt M.D. Ojo-Aromokudu M.D. Craggs The role of alpha and beta adrenoceptors in chronic fissure-in-ano Colorectal Dis 1 1999 55
94. S. Rattan S. Chakder Role of nitric oxide as a mediator of internal anal sphincter relaxation Am J Physiol 262 1992 G107 G112
95. W.W.H. Rudd Lateral subcutaneous internal sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure, an outpatient procedure Dis Colon Rectum 18 1975 319 323
96. A.M. Saad A. Omer Surgical treatment of chronic fissure-in-ano: A prospectice randomised study East Afr Med J 69 1992 613 615
97. M. Sailer D. Bussen E.S. Debus Quality of life in patients with benign anorectal disorders Br J Surg 85 1998 1716 1719
98. W.R. Schouten J.W. Briel J.J. Auwerda Relationship between anal pressure and anodermal blood flow: The vascular pathogenesis of anal fissures Dis Colon Rectum 37 1994 664 669
99. W.R. Schouten J.W. Briel M.O. Boerma Pathophysiological aspects and clinical outcome of intra-anal application of isosorbide-dinitrate in patients with chronic anal fissure Gut 36 1995 A16
100. F. Sharp Patient selection and treatment modalities for chronic anal fissure Am J Surg 171 1996 512 515
101. S. Snooks M.M. Henry M. Swash Feacal incontinence after anal dilatation Br J Surg 71 1984 617 618
102. N. Sohn M.M. Eisenberg M.A. Weinstein Precise anorectal sphincter dilatation—its role in the therapy of anal fissures Dis Colon Rectum 35 1992 322 327
103. C.T.M. Speakman S.J.D. Burnett M.A. Kamm Sphincter injury after anal dilatation demonstrated by anal endosonography Br J Surg 78 1991 1429 1430
104. A.H. Sultan M.A. Kamm R.J. Nicholls Prospective study of the extent of internal anal sphincter division during lateral sphincterotomy Dis Colon Rectum 37 1994 1031 1033
105. J.L. Sweeney J.K. Ritchie R.J. Nicholls Anal fissure in Crohn's disease Br J Surg 75 1988 56 57
106. J. Tack J. Janssens G. Vantrappen Non-surgical treatment of achalasia Hepatogastroenterology 38 1991 493 497
107. A. Tottrup E.B. Glavind D. Svane Involvement of the L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway in internal anal sphincter relaxation Gastroenterology 102 1992 409 415
108. W.A. Walker D.A. Rothenberger S.M. Goldberg Morbidity of internal sphincterotomy for anal fissure and stenosis Dis Colon Rectum 28 1985 832 835
109. S.J. Watson M.A. Kamm R.J. Nicholls Topical glyceryl trinitrate in treatment of chronic anal fissure Br J Surg 83 1996 771 775
110. J.M. Watts R.C. Bennett J.C. Goligher Stretching of anal sphincters in the treatment of fissure-in-ano BMJ 2 1964 342 343
111. R.M. Weaver N.S. Ambrose J. Alexander-Williams Manual dilatation of the anus vs. lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy in the treatment of chronic fissure-in-ano: Results of a prospective, randomized, clinical trial Dis Colon Rectum 30 1987 420 423