Trends in tropospheric aerosol loads and corresponding impact on direct radiative forcing between 1950 and 1990: A model study

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 105, Issue D22, 2000, Pages 26971-26989

  Tegen, Ina ^a   Koch, Dorothy ^b,c   Lacis, Andrew A ^c   Sato, Makiko ^b,c  

^a MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR BIOGEOCHEMISTRY   (Germany)

^b NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies   (United States)

^c NASA GODDARD INSTITUTE FOR SPACE STUDIES   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL; OPTICAL PROPERTY; RADIATIVE FORCING; TREND ANALYSIS; TROPOSPHERE;

EID: 0034493697     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2000JD900280     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Benkovitz, C. M., T. Scholtz, J. Pacyna, L. Tarrason, J. Dignon, E. C. Voldner, P. A. Spiro, J. A. Logan, and T. E. Graedel, Global gridded inventories of anthropogenic emissions of sulfur and nitrogen, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 29,239-29,253, 1996.
2. 2 emissions from fossil-fuel burning, hydraulic cement production, and gas flaring: 1950-1992, Tech. Rep. ORNL/CDIAC-90, NDP-030/R6, 600 pp., Oak Ridge Natl. Lab., Oak Ridge, Tenn., 1996.
3. Bond, T. C., R. Charlson, and J. Heintzenberg, Quantifying the emission of light-absorbing particles: Measurements tailored to climate studies, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 337-340, 1998.
4. Bond, T. C., T. L. Anderson, and D. Campbell, Calibration and intercomparison of filter-based measurements of visible light absorption by aerosols, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 30, 582-600, 1999a.
5. Bond, T. C., M. Bussemer, B. Wehner, S. Keller, R. J. Charlson, and J. Heintzenberg, Light absorption by primary particle emissions from a lignite burning plant, Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, 3887-3891, 1999b.
6. Charlson, R. J., D. S. Covert, and T. V. Larson, Observation of the effect of humidity on light scattering by aerosols, in Hygroscopic Aerosols, edited by L. R. and A. Deepak, pp. 35-44, A. Deepak, Hampton, Va., 1984.
7. Charlson, R. J., J. Langner, H. Rodhe, C. B. Leovy, and S. G. Warren, Perturbation of the Northern Hemisphere radiative balance by backscattering from anthropogenic sulfate aerosols, Tellus, 43AB, 152-163, 1991.
8. Cooke, W. F., and J. N. Wilson, A global black carbon aerosol model, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 19,395-19,409, 1996.
9. Cooke, W. F., C. Liousse, H. Cachier, and H. Feichter, Construction of a 1° x 1° fossil fuel emission data set for carbonaceous aerosol and implementation and radiative impact in the ECHAM4 model, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 22,137-22,162, 1999.
10. Dignon, J., and S. Hameed, Global emissions of nitrogen and sulfur oxides from 1860 to 1980, J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc., 39, 180-186, 1989.
11. Hansen, J. E., and L. D. Travis, Light scattering in planetary atmospheres, Space Sci. Rev., 16, 527-610, 1974.
12. Hansen, J. E., G. L. Russell, D. Rind, P. Stone, A. Lacis, S. Lebedeff, R. Ruedy, and L. Travis, Efficient three-dimensional global models for climate studies: Models I and II, Mon. Weather Rev., 111, 609-662, 1983.
13. Hansen, J. E., M. Sato, and R. Ruedy, Radiative forcing and climate response, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 6831-6864, 1997.
14. Hansen, J. E., M. Sato, A. Lacis, R. Ruedy, I. Tegen, and E. Matthews, Climate forcings in the industrial era, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 22, 12,753-12,758, 1998.
15. Haywood, J. M., and V. Ramaswamy, Global sensitivity studies of the direct radiative forcing due to anthropogenic sulfate and black carbon aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 6043-6058, 1998.
16. Haywood, J. M., and K. P. Shine, The effect of anthropogenic sulfate and soot aerosol on the clear sky planetary radiation budget, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 603-606, 1995.
17. Haywood, J. M., D. L. Roberts, A. Slingo, J. M. Edwards, and K. P. Shine, General circulation model calculations of the direct radiative forcing by anthropogenic sulfate and fossil fuel soot aerosols, J. Clim., 10, 1562-1577, 1997.
18. Haywood, J. M., V. Ramaswamy, and B. J. Soden, Tropospheric aerosol forcing in clear-sky satellite observations over the oceans, Science, 283, 1299-1303, 1999.
19. Hegg, D. A., J. Livingston, P. V. Hobbs, T. Novakov, and P. Russel, Chemical apportionment of aerosol column optical depth off the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 25,293-25,303, 1997.
20. Heintzenberg, J., R. J. Charlson, A. D. Clarke, C. Liousse, V. Ramaswamy, K. P. Shine, M. Wendisch, and G. Helas, Measurements and modelling of aerosol single scattering albedo: Progress, problems and prospects, Beitr. Phys. Atmos., 70, 249-263, 1997.
21. Hobbs, P. V., J. S. Reid, R. A. Kotchenruther, R. J. Ferek, and R. Weiss, Direct radiative forcing by smoke from biomass burning, Science, 275, 1776-1778, 1997.
22. Hollrigl, P., Modelling the distribution of aerosols and their effect on the atmospheric radiation, Ph.D. thesis, Eidg. Tech. Hochsch. Zürich, Switzerland, 1997.
23. Kiehl, J. T., and B. P. Briegleb, The relative importance of sulfate aerosols and greenhouse gases in climate forcing, Science, 260, 311-314, 1993.
24. Kiehl, J. T., and H. Rodhe, Modeling geographical and seasonal forcing due to aerosols, in Aerosol Forcing of Climate, edited by R. Charlson and J. Heintzenberg, pp. 281-296, John Wiley, New York, 1995.
25. Koch, D., D. Jacob, I. Tegen, D. Rind, and M. Chin, Tropospheric sulfur simulation and sulfate direct radiative forcing in the GISS GCM, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 23,799-23,822, 1999.
26. Lacis, A. A., and M. I. Mishchenko, Climate forcing, climate sensitivity, and climate response: A radiative modeling perspective on atmospheric aerosols, in Aerosol Forcing of Climate, edited by R. Charlson and J. Heintzenberg, pp. 11-42, John Wiley, New York, 1995.
27. Lavanchy, V., H. W. Gäggeler, U. Schotterer, M. Schwikowski, and U. Baltensperger, Historical record of carbonaceous particle concentrations from a European high-alpine glacier (Colle Gnifetti, Switzerland), J. Geophys. Res., 104, 21,227-21,237, 1999.
28. Lefohn, A. S., J. D. Husar, and R. B. Husar, Estimating historical anthropogenic global sulfur emission patterns for the period 1850-1990, Atmos. Environ., 33, 3435-3444, 1999.
29. Liousse, C., J. E. Penner, C. Chuang, J. J. Walton, H. Eddleman, and H. Cachier, A global three-dimensional model study of carbonaceous aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 19,411-19,432, 1996.
30. Malm, W. C., J. F. Sisler, D. Huffman, R. A. Eldred, and T. A. Cahill, Spatial and temporal trends in particle concentration and optical extinction in the United States, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 1347-1370, 1994.
31. Mayewski, P. A., W. B. Lyons, M. J. Spencer, M. S. Twickler, C. F. Buck, and S. Whitlow, An ice core record of atmospheric response to anthropogenic sulphate and nitrate, Nature, 346, 554-556, 1990.
32. Mhyre, G., F. Stordal, K. Restad, and I. S. A. Isaaksen, Estimates of the direct radiative forcing due to sulfate and soot aerosols, Tellus, 50B, 463-477, 1999.
33. Mosher, B. W., P. Winkler, and J. L. Jaffrezo, Seasonal aerosol chemistry at Dye 3, Greenland, Atmos. Environ., 27A, 2761-2772, 1993.
34. Moulin, C., C. E. Lambert, F. Dulac, and U. Dayan, Control of atmospheric export of dust from North Africa by the North Atlantic Oscillation, Nature, 387, 691-694, 1997.
35. National Acid Deposition Program National Trends Network (NRSP-3), tech. rep. NADP Program Off., Ill. State Water Surv., Champaign, 1999.
36. Nilsson, B., Meteorological influence on aerosol extinction in the 0.2-40 μm wavelength range, Appl. Opt., 18, 3457-3473, 1979.
37. Patterson, E. M., D. A. Gillette, and B. H. Stockton, Complex index of refraction between 300 and 700 nm for Saharan aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 3153-3160, 1977.
38. Penner, J. E., R. J. Charlson, J. M. Hales, N. S. Laulainen, R. Leifer, T. Novakov, J. Ogren, L. F. Radke, S. E. Schwartz, and L. Travis, Quantifying and minimizing uncertainty of climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 75, 375-400, 1994.
39. Penner, J. E., C. C. Chuang, and K. Grant, Climate forcing by carbonaceous and sulfate aerosols, Clim. Dyn., 14, 839-851, 1998.
40. Prospero, J. M., and R. T. Nees, Impact of the North African drought and El Niño on mineral dust in the Barbados trade winds, Nature, 320, 735-738, 1986.
41. Quinn, P. K., and D. J. Coffman, Comment on "Contribution of different aerosol species to the global aerosol extinction optical thickness: Estimates from model results" by Tegen et al., J. Geophys. Res. 104, 4241-4248, 1999.
42. Rao, C. R. N., L. L. Stowe, E. P. McClain, J. Sapper, and M. P. McCormick, Development and application of aerosol remote sensing with AVHRR data from the NOAA satellites, in Aerosols and Climate, edited by P. V. Hobbs, pp. 69-79, A. Deepak, Hampton, Va., 1988.
43. Roeckner, E., T. Siebert, and J. Feichter, Climatic response to anthropogenic sulfate forcing simulated with a general circulation model, in Aerosol Forcing of Climate, edited by R. Charlson and J. Heintzenberg, pp. 349-362, John Wiley, New York, 1995.
44. Schaug, J., J. Hansen, K. Nodop, B. Ottar, and J. M. Pacyna, Summary report from the chemical coordinating center for the third phase of EMEP, Tech. Rep. EMEP/CC Rep. 3/87, 160pp., Norw. Inst. for Air Res., Lillestrom, 1987.
45. Schult, I., J. Feichter, and W. F. Cooke, Effect of black carbon and sulfate aerosols on the global radiation budget, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 30,107-30,117, 1997.
46. Schwikowski, M., A. Döscher, H. W. Gäggeler, and U. Schotterer, Anthropogenic versus natural sources of atmospheric sulfate from an Alpine ice core, Tellus, 51B, 938-951, 1999a.
47. Schwikowski, M., S. Brütsch, H. G. Gäggeler, and U. Schotterer, A high-resolution air chemistry record from an Alpine ice core: Fischerhorn glacier, Swiss Alps, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 13,709-13,720, 1999b.
48. Tegen, I., and I. Fung, Modeling of mineral dust in the atmosphere: Sources, transport, and optical thickness, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 22,897-22,914, 1994.
49. Tegen, I., and I. Fung, Contribution to the mineral aerosol load from land surface modification, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 18,707-18,726, 1995.
50. Tegen, I., and A. A. Lacis, Modeling of particle size distribution and its influence on the radiative properties of mineral dust aerosol, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 19,237-19,244, 1996.
51. Tegen, I., A. Lacis, and I. Fung, The influence of mineral aerosol from disturbed soils on the global radiation budget, Nature, 380, 419-422, 1996.
52. Tegen, I., P. Hollrigl, M. Chin, I. Fung, D. Jacob, and J. Penner, Contribution of different aerosol species to the global aerosol extinction optical thickness: Estimates from model results, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 23,895-23,915, 1997.
53. Toon, O. B., J. B. Pollack, and B. N. Khare, The optical constants of several atmospheric aerosol species: Ammonium sulfate, aluminum oxide, and sodium cloride, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 5733-5748, 1976.
54. United Nations, The United Nations Energy Statistica Database (1994), technical report, United Nations Statistics Division, 1996.
55. Volz, F. E., Infrared optical constants of ammonium sulfate, Sahara dust, volcanic pumice, and flyash, Appl. Opt., 12, 564-568, 1973.