Poor design of behavioural experiments gets poor results: Examples from intertidal habitats

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

Volumn 250, Issue 1-2, 2000, Pages 77-95

  Chapman, M G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Behaviour; Experimental design; Intertidal; Movements; Variability

Indexed keywords

BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY; INTERTIDAL COMMUNITY; MOVEMENT;

ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ECOLOGY; GENETIC HETEROGENEITY; MARINE ENVIRONMENT; ONTOGENY; PHENOTYPE; REVIEW; SEASHORE;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 0034734080     PISSN: 00220981     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0022-0981(00)00180-5     Document Type: Article

References (134)

1. Scales of coastal heterogeneity and benthic intertidal species richness, diversity and abundance
2. An experimental study of the pattern of significance of the climbing behaviour of Hydrobia ulvae
3. Patterns of disturbance and recovery in littoral rock pools: Nonhierarchical competition and spatial variability in secondary succession
4. Gene-enzyme variation in three sympatric species of Littorina
5. The effect of grazing by the limpet, Acmaea insessa, on the kelp, Egregia laevigata, in the intertidal zone
6. Barnacle larval settlement: The perception of cues at different spatial scales
7. The aesthetes of chitons. 1. Role of the light response of whole animals
8. The ecology of Patella Linnaeus from the Cape Peninsula, South Africa. 1. Zonation, movements and feeding
9. The biology of limpets: Physical factors, energy flow and ecological interactions
10. Desiccation as a factor influencing the vertical distribution of some South African gastropoda from intertidal rocky shores
11. Natural foraging of the dogwhelk, Nucella lapillus (L.): The weather and whether to feed
12. Optimal foraging decisions by dogwhelks, Nucella lapillus (L.): Influences of mortality risk and rate-constrained digestion
13. Habitat choice in the intertidal snail Tegula funebralis
14. Assessment of some controls in experimental transplants of intertidal gastropods
15. Small- and broad-scale patterns of distribution of the upper-shore littorinid Nodilittorina pyramidalis in New South Wales
16. Aggregation of the littorinid snail Littorina unifasciata in New South Wales, Australia
17. Variability in trail-following and aggregation in Nodilittorina unifasciata Gray
18. Assessment of variability in responses of intertidal periwinkles to experimental transplantations
19. Variability of foraging in highshore habitats: Dealing with unpredictability
20. A comparative study of differences among species and patches of habitat on movements of three species of intertidal gastropods
21. Experimental designs for analyses of movements by molluscs
22. Dispersal of the intertidal snail, Nodilittorina pyramidalis in response to the topographic complexity of the substratum
23. Influences of tidal conditions, temperature and desiccation on patterns of aggregation of the high-shore periwinkle, Littorina unifasciata, in New South Wales, Australia
24. Zonal migration and trail-following of an intertidal gastropod analysed by LED tracking in the field
25. Trail following in the chiton Acanthopleura gemmata: Operational and ecological problems
26. The role of trail following in the homing of intertidal chitons: A comparison between three Acanthopleura spp
27. Coupling motographic and sonographic recordings to assess foraging behaviour of Patella vulgata
28. Solar and landscape cues as orientation mechanisms in the beach-dwelling beetle Eurynebria complanata (Coleoptera, Carabidae)
29. Community interactions on marine rocky intertidal shores
30. Ecology: Field experiments in marine ecology
31. Variation and persistence of rocky shore populations
32. A study of the homing habit of the limpet
33. Experiments on homing in the limpet Siphonaria nemoralis
34. A study of homing behaviour in the limpet Siphonaria alternata
35. Directionality in the trail-following response of the pulmonate limpet Siphonaria alternata
36. Tidal amplitude and activity in the pulmonate limpets Siphonaria nemoralis (Gould) and S. alternata (Say)
37. Factors influencing the settlement of marine invertebrate larvae
38. Different effects of microhabitat fragmentation on patterns of dispersal of an intertidal gastropod in two habitats
39. Limits to generality: Seasonal and temporal variation in dispersal of an intertidal gastropod
40. Testing behavioural 'preference' for suitable microhabitat
41. Role of mucus trails and trail-following in the behaviour and nutrition of the periwinkle Littorina littorea
42. Competition, disturbance, and community organization: The provision and subsequent utilisation of space in a rocky intertidal community
43. Endogenous rhythms in the homing behaviour of the limpet Patella vulgata Linnaeus
44. Experiments on factors influencing settlement, survival and growth of two species of barnacles in New South Wales
45. Maintenance of the shore-level size gradient in the marine snail Tegula funebralis (A. Adams): Importance of behavioural responses to light and sea star predators
46. An experimental investigation into the effect of crevice availability on abundance and size-structure in a population of Littorina rudis (Manton) (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia)
47. Trail following, speed and fractal dimension of movement in a marine prosobranch, Littorina littorea, during a mating and a non-mating season
48. Responses to disturbance of the periwinkle Littorina punctata (Gmelin) on a shore in Ghana
49. The effect of light on the four periwinkles, Littorina littorea (L), L. obtusata (L.), L. saxatilis (Olivi) and Melarapha neritoides (L.) in an experimental tide tank
50. Time partitioning of foraging in the limpet Patella vulgata
51. Experiments on the interaction between predation and the availability of different prey on rocky seashores
52. Predation can increase variability in the abundance of prey on seashores
53. Movements of intertidal whelks (Morula marginalba and Thais orbita) in relation to availability of prey and shelter
54. The adaptive significance of aggregation behaviour in the dog whelk Nucella lapillus (L.)
55. Predator caging experiments: A test of the importance of scale
56. Intraspecific interactions between adults and juveniles of the subtidal limpet, Patelloida mufria
57. Beitrage zur geotaxis und phototaxis von Littorina
58. Habitat selection and migratory behaviour of the intertidal gastropod Littorina littorea (L.)
59. The performance of an intertidal predator, Thais lapillus, in relation to structural heterogeneity
60. Adaptive plasticity and plasticity as an adaptation: A selective review of plasticity in animal morphology and life history
61. Experimental analysis of factors influencing the aggregating behaviour of the green sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (Muller)
62. Foraging movements and homing in the limpet Patella vulgata L
63. Behavioural plasticity as an adaptation to a variable environment
64. Seasonal and spatial variation of epilithic microalgal distribution and abundance and its ingestion by Patella vulgata on a moderately exposed rocky shore
65. Pseudoreplication and the design of ecological field experiments
66. Hidden treatments in ecological experiments: Re-evaluating the ecosystem function of biodiversity
67. Shade-seeking behaviour under polarized light by the brittlestar Ophioderma brevispinum (Echinodermata: Ohiuroidea)
68. State-dependent habitat selection by an intertidal snail: The costs of selecting a physically stressful microhabitat
69. Diel and tidal movement of two co-occurring neritid snails: Differences in grazing patterns on a tropical rocky shore
70. Local habitat induced variations in the population dynamics of Patella vulgata
71. Foraging behaviour of the limpet Patella vulgata L. in an Irish sea lough
72. Experimental studies on homing in the intertidal patellid limpet Cellana tramoserica (Sowerby)
73. Variations in the density and variety of intertidal epilithic microflora
74. Experimental analysis of the commensal relation between intertidal gastropods Patelloida mufria and the trochid Austrocochlea constricta
75. The maintenance of shore-level size gradients in an intertidal snail (Littorina sitkana)
76. A behavioural polymorphism in the marine snail Nassarius pauperatus: Geographic variation correlated with food availability and differences in competitive ability between morphs
77. Thermal tolerance, evaporative water loss, air-water oxygen consumption and zonation of intertidal prosobranchs: A new synthesis
78. The relationship between vertical distribution, thermal tolerance, evaporative water loss rate, and behaviour on emergence in six species of mangrove gastropods from Hong Kong
79. The establishment and maintenance of vertical size gradients in populations of Littorina africana knysnaensis (Philippi) on an exposed rocky shore
80. Thermal stress in a highshore intertidal environment: Morphological and behavioural adaptations of the gastropod Littorina africana
81. Competition for food between two intertidal starfish species and its effect on body size and feeding
82. Predator intensity in a rocky intertidal community: Effect of a canopy, wave action and desiccation on predator feeding rates
83. Predator intensity in a rocky intertidal community, relation between predator foraging activity and environmental harshness
84. Top-down and bottom-up community regulation in benthic marine habitats
85. Use of artificial holes in studying community development m cryptic marine habitats in a tropical rocky intertidal region
86. Diversity, heterogeneity and consumer pressure in a tropical rocky intertidal community
87. The timing and significance of sheltering and foraging behaviour of the predatory gastropod Morula marginalba Blainville (Muricidae)
88. Habitat and movements of the recruits of Concholepas concholepas (Mollusca; Muricidae) in the rocky intertidal of southern Chile
89. Resolving ecological questions through meta-analysis: Goals, metrics, and models
90. Food recognition and predation on opisthobranchs by Naranax inermis
91. An experimentalist's challenge: When artefacts of intervention interact with treatments
92. Occurrence of random and directional movements in the periwinkle, Littorina littorea (L.)
93. Potential effects of enclosure size on field experiments with herbivorous intertidal gastropods
94. The effects of crevice size and availability on populations of Littorina rudis and Littorina neritoides
95. Solar orientation of adult and laboratory-born juvenile sandhoppers: Inter- and intra-population variation
96. Larval dispersal as a means of genetic exchange between geographically separated populations of shallow-water benthic marine gastropods
97. Genetic differentiation in Littorina saxatilis (Gastropoda)
98. Experimental investigations of disturbance and ecological succession in a rocky intertidal algal community
99. Intertidal mosaics: Patch size, propagule availability, and spatially variable patterns of succession
100. Trail following in Littorina irrorata: The influence of visual stimuli and the possible role of tracking in orientation
101. Biologically generated habitat provision and diversity of rocky shore organisms at a hierarchy of spatial scales
102. Sinusoidal tide models: Design, construction and laboratory performance
103. Intertidal zonation of prosobranch gastropods: Analysis of densities of four co-existing species
104. Analysis of patterns of dispersion of intertidal prosobranch gastropods in relation to macroalgae and rock pools
105. Movements of intertidal gastropods
106. The ecology of intertidal gastropods
107. Structure of a rocky intertidal community in New South Wales: Patterns of vertical distribution and seasonal change
108. Physical factors and biological interactions: The necessity and nature of ecological experiments
109. The analysis of competition by field experiments
110. Design and analysis of field experiments on competitive interactions affecting behaviour of intertidal animals
111. The logic of ecological experiments: A case history from studies of the distribution of macro-algae on rocky intertidal shores
112. Beyond BACI: Experimental designs for detecting human environmental impacts on temporal variations in natural populations
113. Field experiments in intertidal ecology
114. Things environmental scientists (and statisticians) need to know to receive (and give) better statistical advice
115. Physical disturbances and their direct effect on an indirect effect: Responses of an intertidal assemblage to a severe storm
116. Paradigms, explanations and generalizations in models for the structure of intertidal communities on rocky shores
117. Multifactorial analyses of directions of movement of animals
118. Experiments on topographic influences on density and dispersion of Littorina unifasciata in New South Wales
119. Structure of intertidal assemblages in different localities: How can local processes be compared
120. Scales of spatial patterns of distribution of intertidal invertebrates
121. Experimental analyses of the structure and dynamics of the midshore intertidal communities in New South Wales
122. Snails and trails
123. Interindividual variation in foraging behaviour within a temperate and a tropical species of carnivorous gastropods
124. Scaling of 'landscapes' in landscape ecology, or, landscape ecology from a beetle's perspective
125. Fractal patterns of insect movement in microlandscape mosaics
126. Maintenance of zonation patterns in two species of flat periwinkle, Littorina obtusata and L. mariae
127. Critical thresholds in species' responses to landscape structure
128. Physiological ecology and intertidal zonation in limpets (Acmaea): A critical look at 'limiting factors'
129. Shelter and food: Interactions between Turbo undulatum (Archaeogastropoda: Turbinidae) and coralline algae on rocky seashores in New South Wales